• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.52 no.2
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• pp.128-135
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• 2014

Treatment options for partially edentulous patients are fixed partial denture, removable partial denture and implant supported fixed partial denture. In case of a patient with a few remaining teeth, removable partial denture and implant supported fixed prosthesis are available. For implant fixed prothesis, enough implant fixtures are required and the patient's general condition, local factors and economic status must be considered. When the condition of the abutments and the residual ridge is favorable and the prosthesis is well designed, removable partial denture can be an option. In removable partial denture, the bilateral support is important. If the teeth remain unilateral, harmful stress is put on the abutments by the fulcrum line. In this situation, strategic implantation and implant-retained or assisted removable partial denture is beneficial to the retention and support of the denture. And this can be cost-effective, functional and esthetic choice of treatment. This article describes the prosthodontic rehabilitation of Maxillary Kennedy class I partially edentulous patients. In these two cases, the patients had a small number of teeth and they were restored by the combination of a removable partial denture and dental implants.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.1-17
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• 2015

Ecological reservoir is a multifunctional space where provides the functions of retention, animal habitat and improvement of ecosystem health and landscape. The ecological reservoir of Anteo Eco Park located in Gwangmyeong-si has established to functions for water purification, maintenance of healthy aquatic ecosystem. Because the Anteo Eco Park is located in the site where nonpoint pollutant materials flow in, Anteo Eco Park has potential factors which aquatic ecosystem health deteriorates and damages the habitat of golden frog(Rana plancyi chosenica) which is restoration target species. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to suggest the plan to manage the variables which impede the right functions of aquatic ecosystem by understanding the causal loop diagram for the change of water quality environment and the interaction of predator-prey through system thinking. The results are as follows. First, the study showed that the individual number of golden frog which is an indicator species of Anteo Eco Park is threatened by snakeheaded fish, which is an upper predator. Therefore, balanced food chain should be hold to protect golden frog by capturing the snakeheaded fish which is individual number's density is high, and the monitoring management of the individual number for predator(snakeheaded fish)-prey(golden frog) should be performed. Second, the study represented that water pollution and carnification is caused by the sediment as the dead body of the large emergent vegetation in the winter cumulates as sediment. Ecological reservoir in Anteo Eco Park has been managed by eliminating the dead body of the large emergent vegetation, but the guideline for the proper density maintenance of vegetation community is additionally needed. Lastly, the study showed that aquatic ecosystem of Anteo Eco Park where is contaminated from the inflow of nonpoint pollutants affects the individual number's decline of golden frog and snakeheaded fish. Accordingly, the creation of a buffer area and a substitution wetland is needed in the periphery of the Anteo Eco Park to control the inflow of nonpoint pollutants including organic matters, nutrients and heavy metals. This study will be helpful that Anteo Eco Park improves the regional landscape and maintain healthy aquatic ecosystem space for the park visitors including local residents.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.196-204
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• 2012

This research focused on the effects of adding Hizikia fusiforme to Jeolpyun. We were able to demonstrate in this study that Jeolpyun after the addition of Hizikia fusiforme had the potential to become a functional food. Jeolpyun with 0, 2, 4, 6, and 8% of Hizikia fusiforme was analyzed by water content, color, sensory and textural characteristics immediately after production and one day later. The five different types of Jeolpyun did not show any significant differences in water content. However, all the Jeolpyun with Hizikia fusiforme showed slightly higher water retention ratio than the control after storage. As the result of Hunter's color values, lightness decreased significantly as the amount of Hizikia fusiforme increased. Redness increased in the Jeolpyun with Hizikia fusiforme compared with the control. Yellowness was highest in the Jeolpyun with 2% of Hizikia fusiforme and decreased with an increase in its content. In the textural analysis, hardness, chewiness, adhesiveness and gumminess of Jeolpyun with 2% and 4% of Hizikia fusiforme were similar to those of the control, whereas springiness of Jeolpyun with 2%, 4% and 6% of Hizikia fusiforme were similar to that of the control group. Cohesiveness significantly decreased as the amount of Hizikia fusiforme increased. When the Jeolpyun was preserved for one day, all five Jeolpyun showed significant increases in hardness, gumminess and chewiness. However, their adhesiveness significantly decreased. Cohesiveness decreased in all Jeolpyun except for the 8% Jeolpyun. In sensory evaluation, color and aroma became stronger as the content of Hijikia fuziforme increased, and 2% Jeolpyun showed similar hardness with the control. Jeolpyun with Hijikia fuziforme showed no difference in cohesiveness with the control, but the adhesiveness showed a little increase when compared to the control. The overall acceptability of 2% Jeolpyun showed slightly higher than control. After one day of storage, Jeolpyun with 2% of Hijikia fuziforme also showed the highest overall acceptability. And the overall acceptability showed the biggest decrease in the control group. Overall acceptability showed strong negative correlation with color, aroma and hardness, and showed strong positive correlation with cohesiveness and adhesiveness. After one day of storage, overall acceptability showed a decrease in correlation with color and smell and an increase in correlation with cohesiveness, compared to before storage. Results of multiple regression analysis showed that hardness had the biggest influence(-) on the overall acceptability of Jeolpyun, aroma and cohesiveness ranked second(-) and third(+) respectively. After one day of storage, cohesiveness had the biggest influence on the overall acceptability of Jeolpyun. Color and adhesiveness ranked second(-) and third(+) respectively. It can be seen that different factors influence overall acceptability of Jeolpyun after storage.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.9 no.9
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• pp.293-297
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of video modeling observational learning intervention on the learning and performance of a bowling skill in adolescents with intellectual disabilities. Thirty special middle school students whose ages ranged from 14 to 16 years were recruited from Daegu, Korea. Intellectual disabilities of the participants were assessed by Korean version of the Wechsler intelligence scale for adolescent and a social maturity scale. During the experiment, participants repeatedly watched the one-minute action observation film for three minutes before beginning each frame and played 60 frames. Statistical comparisons were performed using a 2 (groups) ${\times}$ 6 (trials) ANOVA, with repeated measures on the last factor of the acquisition stage (p<0.05). Factors of the retention stage scores were analyzed by one-way ANOVA. The sources of any significant main effects were tested using a Tukey's HSD (honest significant difference) approach. SPSS 21.0 was used for statistical analyses. The performance scores of the action observation group were significantly higher than those of the control group. The findings showed that observational learning in the form video modeling has the potential to enhance acquisition and learning of a bowling sport skill in intellectual disability individuals; however, these findings are limited to adolescents with moderate intellectual disabilities.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.1-12
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• 2012

This study aims to suggest ways to improve sustainability on housing complexes. This study sampled eight housing projects in Seoul and GyeongGi-Do in Korea, which were completed in June 2007 and June 2008. Then, are retention and maintenance on "constructed greens for ecological environment" including "green structures substitutes retaining walls", "green roofs", and "green walls." Study methods are field investigations of the sampled sites, and Post Occupancy Analysis. Major findings were; 1) "constructed greens" are not well retained in more sites and and this implies the GBCS(Green Building Certification System) does not meet its objectives well, 2) User showed lower user satisfaction to "constructed greens". User satisfaction concerning "green structures substitute retaining walls" was higher than the satisfaction on the other constructed green type. Satisfaction Assessment Criteria lower 1han average were "level of quality", "meet the design objectives", "vegetation management status", "vegetation maintenance". 3) User satisfaction was strongly correlated on the level of quality factor of "constructed green". In addition, tue other factors are the significant correlations between the satisfactions. The present GBCS has inadequate assessment standards for maintenance, which lead to lower the entire satisfaction. Therefore, periodic recertification system, education and information providing for the managing personals, and incentives for good maintenance or disincentive for poor maintenance of the "constructed greens" are suggested to improve the GBCS.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.13 no.10
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• pp.101-108
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• 2015

Purpose - The convenience store business sector in South Korea has contributed to economic growth and job creation, and the growth potential of this market segment remains very high. In addition, service value is a more important factor than price in determining purchase intention. Research in the convenience store market is relatively very low compared to other retail sectors. In particular, research on service quality for the convenience of retailers who examine and analyze customer behavior and service quality factors used in the convenience store side of the situation is very inadequate. We have investigated the relationship of store service quality, service satisfaction, and store loyalty. In addition, we have examined the way service value moderates the relationship among these variables. Research design, data, and methodology - The questionnaire was developed using modified and supplementary questions based on the KD-SQS and RSQS models. The study suggested a theoretical model composed of 15 hypotheses on the relations between theoretic variables, and surveys conducted with consumers in discount stores in the Seoul and Gyunggi Metropolitan area in order to verify the hypotheses. We used the SPSS/PC statistical packages to analyze the results. The number of surveys used was 227. Moreover, a structural equating model was also used to analyze the reliability and validity of the composing elements and to verify the suggested hypotheses. Results - The overall results of this study are as follows. First, all service quality elements have a significant effect on service satisfaction. Second, all service quality elements have a significant effect on store loyalty. Third, service satisfaction has a significant effect on store loyalty. Finally, when the participants were divided into high and low service value the results of the multiple regression analyses showed that only the relationship between policy of service quality and satisfaction, and human interaction and policy of service quality and loyalty were significant. The implications are discussed based on the findings of the study. Conclusions - First, through direct hypotheses testing, we confirmed that the convenience service quality positively impacts the service satisfaction and loyalty of buyers. In particular, the reliability, origin benefit, and promotion were found to have more influence on satisfaction and loyalty of consumers of a convenience store. Further, for the service quality of the convenience for the consumer loyalty, greater human interaction was a high-value and statistically significantly higher than the degree of improvement in consumer loyalty. This underscores the importance of education and human services management of employees working in a convenience store. In particular, frequent changes in personnel generate results that negatively impact loyalty with customers. These results may lead to a serious problem in the economics of the store. Therefore, it should enhance the value of services through the establishment of training and compensation for employees. In addition, a certain educational level is required as well as a basis for compensation and retention.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.73-78
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• 2001

The biological carbon dioxide fixation using microalgae and photo-bioreactor has been known as an effective carbon dioxide reduction technology. As algae has many other environmental factor for its growth, the desirable cultivation factors were investigated using a green alga, Euglena gracilis Z. In this study, Euglena gracilis Z showed good $CO_2$ fixation ability in high $CO_2$ concentration of 10-20% and it contained the high protein and vitamin E enough to be used as fodder. For the mass cultivation, the continuous and semi-continuous cultivation methods were employed. The optimum hydraulic retention time (HRT) for the continuous cultivation was 4 days at carbon dioxide concentration of 10%. In this condition, the final cell number was $3.57{\times}10^6/m{\ell}$. The growth of Euglena gracilis Z increased according to the light intensity.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.129-144
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• 2010

We have studied the changes of the environmental and vegetational factors according to the hydro-seral stages in the shoreline of the lagoons, Korea. We have divided seral stages into 7 stages from open water stage to the stratified forest stage considering as the characteristics of water body, dominance of submerged and emergent plant, and development of the shrub, subtree and tree layer. According to the successional stage, water depth gradually decreased and water quality changed from seawater to brackish water and from brackish water to fresh water, organic matter in a soil layer gradually increased, and the litter layer grew up. As the development of the vegetation structure, the life-form of the vascular plants changed as follows; open water ${\rightarrow}$ submerged plant and floating-leaved plant ${\rightarrow}$ emergent plant and submerged plant ${\rightarrow}$ emergent plant ${\rightarrow}$ emergent plant, mesophyte and scrub ${\rightarrow}$ mesophyte. In the late seral stage, the 3 different forest types were established by the water retention or drainage and nutrient accumulation of the soil layer. Salix dominant forest developed in the wetted sites, the forest type dominated by Pinus thunbergii, Carex pumila and mesophytes developed in the well drained sites causing by sand substrate, and the forest type dominated by the planted or ruderals such as Pinus densiflora, Robinia psedo-acacia, Festuca ovina, Setaria viridis ect. developed in the sites composed of forest soil introduced by artificial reclamation.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.145-154
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• 2018

In this study, three pilot-scale wetland systems were built for treating stormwater runoff from asphalt road. Each of the system consists of a settling tank and a vertical flow wetland packed with 25%, 50%, and 75% woodchip as treatment media. According to the analysis of the distributions of particle size, it was found that solids ranging in size $0.52-30{\mu}m$ were predominant in the stormwater runoff. After 24-hours settling, those coarser than $20{\mu}m$ were significantly detained. Further retention, especially for the finer-sized fraction, occurred in the wetland through internal recirculation during the dry day periods. As a primary media of the wetland, woodchip showed a high filtration and attachment capacity for the particulates in pre-settled stormwater, whereas overall amount of solids in the wetland effluent increased due to the detachment of woody elements from the media. This was observed mainly during the initial 75 days of operation, and the size and detachment rate were found to be strongly related with the woodchip packing ratio. The mechanism involving woody particle detachment was modeled as a first-order form. In addition, water quality factors and operational parameters affecting the detachment were analyzed and discussed.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.261-277
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• 2009

This study is aimed to emphasize the significance of ore selection in lime manufacturing through the evaluation of applied-mineralogical impact factors of crude ores controlling calcination characteristics for some domestic limestones used currently for lime manufacturing. To do this work, systematic characterization and determination were carried out for the limestone ores and their calcination products in a fixed calcining condition (target temperature: $1000^{\circ}C$, retention time: 30 minutes, 2, 4, 10, 16 hours), and the results were correlated and discussed. Selected high-Ca limestones in this study are as much as > 98 wt%, but they are somewhat diverse in crystallinity, texture, and impurity composition. Synthesized quicklimes are varied depending on such a difference in ore characters. The Pungchon limestone has relatively very low calcination rate, and the limestones from the Gabsan formation and the Jeongseon formation exhibit good quality in calcination rate and decrepitation. Among these samples, the limestone ore from the Jeongseon formation is evaluated to be the best for crude ore in manufacturing of highly-reactive quicklime. In addition, it is characteristic that the Gabsan limestone comparative rich in Fe-bearing mineral such as pyrite and goethite is more conspicuous in sintering effect.