• Title/Summary/Keyword: Retail Enterprises

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Credit Risk Evaluations of Online Retail Enterprises Using Support Vector Machines Ensemble: An Empirical Study from China

  • LI, Xin;XIA, Han
    • The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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    • v.9 no.8
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    • pp.89-97
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    • 2022
  • The e-commerce market faces significant credit risks due to the complexity of the industry and information asymmetries. Therefore, credit risk has started to stymie the growth of e-commerce. However, there is no reliable system for evaluating the creditworthiness of e-commerce companies. Therefore, this paper constructs a credit risk evaluation index system that comprehensively considers the online and offline behavior of online retail enterprises, including 15 indicators that reflect online credit risk and 15 indicators that reflect offline credit risk. This paper establishes an integration method based on a fuzzy integral support vector machine, which takes the factor analysis results of the credit risk evaluation index system of online retail enterprises as the input and the credit risk evaluation results of online retail enterprises as the output. The classification results of each sub-classifier and the importance of each sub-classifier decision to the final decision have been taken into account in this method. Select the sample data of 1500 online retail loan customers from a bank to test the model. The empirical results demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms a single SVM and traditional SVMs aggregation technique via majority voting in terms of classification accuracy, which provides a basis for banks to establish a reliable evaluation system.

The Linkages Among Cross-channel Integration Capability, Showrooming, Webrooming, And Customer Value: An Empirical Study

  • NGUYEN, Phuong-Linh;PHAN, Dinh-Quyet;NGUYEN, Thi-Uyen
    • Journal of Distribution Science
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    • v.21 no.1
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    • pp.13-22
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    • 2023
  • Purpose: This study aims to investigate the linkages among cross-channel integration capability (CCI), showrooming, webrooming, and customer value of retail enterprises. From the literature review, this research proposes the research model on the direct impact of showrooming and webrooming on customer value as well as the indirect impact of cross-channel integration capability on customer value which is mediated by both showrooming and webrooming of retail enterprises. Research design, data, and methodology: By conducting a survey of 304 consumers in the five biggest retailers in Hanoi-Vietnam from mid-September 2021 to the end of November 2021, the PLS-SEM was used to test the hypotheses. Results: The research results reveal the favorable impact of (CCI) on improving showrooming and webrooming, and the important role of developing both showrooming and webrooming in bringing more value to the customer of retail enterprises. The findings also express that showrooming and webrooming acts mediating role in the favorable relationship between (CCI) and customer value of retailers. Conclusions: This research clarifies the positive impact of (CCI), showrooming, and webrooming on customer value. In addition, this study suggests practical implications for retail managers to provide more value for customers by enhancing (CCI) and developing both showrooming and webrooming.

A Study on the Present Situation of Fashion Careers in the Apparel Industry (의류산업에서의 패션전문직종 현황에 관한 연구)

  • 이인자
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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    • v.30
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    • pp.41-58
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    • 1996
  • To purpose of this study is to understand the present situation of the present situation of the fashion careers in apparel industry and to present a activation information for development of a specialty de-partment. This study has been proceeded with the library survey method, and 20 apparel enterprises have been researched with the questionaire and inter-view method. These were large and medium sized enterprises. The results were as follows: 1. Subdivision of fashion careers have been found insufficient on apparel enterprises in Korea. 2. Textile specialists have been needed on apparel enterprises in Korea. 3. Domestic enterprises have dropt out man-agement 4. These enterprises are negative for the consumer research and fashion information col-lection. 5. Fashion sepecialists have been found insuf-ficient on retail division, The propositions for activation of fashion careers are as follows: 1. Fashion careers should subdivide and specialize. 2. The apparel enterprises should employ textile designer. 3. The apparel enterprises should activate practical department. 4. The apparel enterprises should research consumer and collect fashion information. 5. The apparel enterprises should develop fashion specialists on retail division.

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Study of Chinese Distribution Market Trends

  • Su, Shuai
    • Journal of Distribution Science
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    • v.11 no.9
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    • pp.31-34
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    • 2013
  • Purpose - This paper aims to explain that the Chinese distribution market will continue to bring tremendous business opportunities to commercial enterprises, given the relatively strong economic fundamentals and substantial government-led measures to boost domestic demand. Research design, data, methodology - A survey was conducted on China's retail market data during 2012. By empirically analyzing the data for retail sales of online markets and franchises, we conclude that the online retail market in China will continue to grow. Results - Based on data from 2012, 2013 is expected to be a challenging year for the retail sector, as both external and internal pressure is likely to persist. This paper outlines some major challenges facing retailers in China. Conclusions - The study shows that retailers in the Chinese market will face some major challenges: 1) the Chinese retail market is considerably affected by an uncertain economic outlook 2) an unfair environment of competition exists and 3) product safety is a serious issue. However, in the future, China's retail market will continue to bring tremendous business opportunities to commercial enterprises, given the relatively strong economic fundamentals and substantial government-led measures to boost domestic demand.

A Study on the Cash Policies of Retail Firms (유통 상장기업의 현금정책에 관한 연구)

  • Son, Sam-Ho
    • Journal of Distribution Science
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    • v.13 no.3
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    • pp.69-77
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    • 2015
  • Purpose - The purpose of this study is to examine whether the cash policies of retail firms listed on Korean stock markets are consistent with the evidence provided in the study of Almeida et al. (2004). Liquidity management is an important issue for financially constrained firms relative to financially unconstrained firms. Because there are few sources of external funding, the optimal liquidity policies of financially constrained firms should reflect their own earnings or cash inflows to create opportunities for current and future real investments. According to this simple idea, we estimate the sensitivity of cash to cash flows and simply check whether the estimated sensitivity to cash flows of the cash retained by constrained retail firms is greater than that of the cash retained by unconstrained retail firms. Through this work, we aim to explain why the cash policies of the retail firms listed on the Korean stock markets differ from those of listed manufacturing enterprises. Research design, data, and methodology - To explain a firm's cash holdings, we use only three explanatory variables: earnings before interest and taxes (EBIT), Tobin's q, and size. All the variables are defined as the value of the numerator divided by aggregate assets. Thanks to this definition, it is possible to treat all the sample firms as a single large firm. The sample financial data for this study are collected from the retail enterprises listed on the KOSPI and KOSDAQ markets from 1991 to 2013. We can obtain these data from WISEfn, the financial information company. This study's methodology has its origin in Keynes's simple idea of precautionary liquidity demand: When a firm faces financial constraints, cash savings from earnings or cash inflows become important from the corporate finance perspective. Following this simple idea, Almeida et al. (2004) developed their theoretical model and found empirical evidence that the sensitivity of cash to cash flows varies systematically according to different types of financing frictions. To find more empirical evidence for this idea, we examined the cash flow sensitivity of the cash held by Korean retail firms. Results - Through several robustness tests, we empirically showed that financially constrained Korean retail firms display significant positive propensity to save cash from earnings before interest and taxes, while the estimated cash flow sensitivity of the cash held by unconstrained retail firms is not significant. Despite the relatively low earnings of retail firms, their sensitivity is three times greater than that of manufacturing enterprises. This implies that Korean retail firms have greater intentions of facilitating future investments rather than current investments. Conclusions - The characteristics of the cash policies of Korean retail firms differ from those of manufacturing firms. This contrast may be attributable to industry-oriented policy planning, regulations, and institutional differences. However, the industrial policymakers should observe signals of the long-term growth options of retail firms based on their high propensity to save from their cash inflows.

The Strategy and Countermeasures of E-Commerce Development for Chinese Retailing Enterprises

  • Ju, Chunhua
    • International Commerce and Information Review
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    • v.6 no.3
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    • pp.3-18
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    • 2004
  • Chinese retailing enterprises have been facing a tough competition from foreign retail giants since China entered WTO. They must change their traditional ways of doing business and adopt new information technologies and electronic commerce in order to survive. This paper analyzes the current situation and the problems in Chinese retailing enterprises, including the cultural, the social, the technological and the environmental aspects. It gives strategies, tactics and countermeasures of E-Commerce development for Chinese retailing enterprises.

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Research on the cooperation in retail shop design using CRM & PRM (CRM과 PRM의 운용(運用)을 통(通)한 Retail Shop Design시(時) 협업(協業)에 대(對)한 연구(硏究))

  • Cho, Kyoung-Deuk
    • Journal of The Korean Digital Architecture Interior Association
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    • v.5 no.2
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    • pp.43-51
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    • 2005
  • In the modern market economy, where the consumers are increasingly seeking pleasure rather than convenience, a variety of retailers are making every effort to promote sales records. In order to achieve this goal, the division of work needs to be effectively performed and the allied enterprises need to cooperate with each other. Consequently, the Customer Relationship Management(CRM) system should be established through the research and analysis on brands and consumers. It is also necessary that the enterprises should cooperate mutually, using the PRM system which makes it possible to share the information from the CRM system. This report is going to propose a desirable cooperation which is reguaired in Retail Shop Design. And it will be done by describing the relation between CRM & PRM and the marketing based on brands and consumers.ere it examines closely the vibrating unit of the elevator and propose the countermeasure of it.

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Global Distribution Enterprises' Entry into the Chinese Market: Focus on the Three Northeastern Provinces

  • Kim, Nam-Myun;Youn, Myoung-Kil
    • The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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    • v.5 no.3
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    • pp.25-34
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    • 2014
  • Purpose - This study aims to investigate Korean distribution enterprises' entry into the Chinese market. By studying Korean companies' strategy and current situation in the Chinese retail market and analyzing Lotte Mart's strategy, this study was aimed at identifying comprehensive strategies for Korean companies striving to expand in China's retail market. Research design, data, and methodology - A case study approach is used, focusing on the three northeastern provinces in China, and examining global firms' entry into the Chinese market. The study employed a direct survey and a literature review. Results - Korean distribution firms' entry into the overseas market is in the inception stage and it should be developed, considering its effects on the national economy and other industries. Conclusion - The cases of E-mart and Lotte Mart, representing Korean distribution firms, showed that they should not rely on scale to succeed in China. Both preliminary analysis and careful strategies are required to ensure success. Considering the high growth potential of the Chinese market, a management strategy that takes account of Chinese people's emotions was needed.

A study of Chinese distribution policies and challenges

  • Su, Shuai
    • The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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    • v.4 no.1
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    • pp.11-14
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    • 2013
  • Purpose - The objective of this paper is to explain how the Chinese distribution market will continue to bring tremendous business opportunities to commercial enterprises given the relatively strong economic fundamentals and substantial government-led measures for boosting domestic demand. Research design, data, and methodology - The study conducted a survey on China's 2011 retail market data. After empirically analyzing the data on retail sales, online retail markets, and franchises, we believe that online retailing in China will maintain its growth momentum. Results - This study shows that 2012 is expected to be a challenging year for the retail sector, as both external and internal pressures are likely to persist. Some of the major challenges facing retailers in China are mentioned below. Conclusions - Retailers in China face several major challenges. First, the uncertain economic outlook is having a considerable impact on China's retail market. Second, China's retailers face an unfair competition environment. Third, they are suffering the impacts of product safety problems.

A comparative study between Korea and the USA on the development process in retail trade & its changing locations (소매업의 발달과정과 입지 변화에 관한 한.미 비교 연구)

  • Jeon, Kyung-Sook
    • Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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    • v.6 no.2
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    • pp.21-40
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    • 2000
  • The retail trades in many countries have changed recently according to the high quality, diversification, and marked individuality of consumer needs. Under the continually competing system of the WTO agreement, corporations based in the USA and the EU try to raise their market share in other countries so it is inevitable for Korean retail enterprises to compete with them. This paper is aimed at contributing to the efficient growth for Korean retail trade from the analysis of the development process in retail trade and its changing locations comparing Korea and the USA. Retailers in the USA have practiced diversified marketing strategies considerably in order to survive in a rapidly changing retailing environment. American retailing, which has the most advanced marketing system in the world, has been of growing concern to marketing strategies in Korea. The following is a brief summary of this study. 1. Speedy and higher quality consumption is needed in accordance with the great increase in the single-family household and the female labor force participation both in Korea and in the USA. Senior citizens have become a new consumer group due to the aging population. In the future the retail trade will switch over to diversified retail formats and internet shopping as countries are transformed into information and communication societies. 2. In Korea, the former retail system characterized by markets and department stores has been greatly changed since the late 1980s with emphasis on high quality and convenience in consumption behaviors, with large domestic enterprises and foreign distribution corporations participating in Korean retailing. In the USA, retailing mergers and takeovers by major retails, bankruptcies, and extra-large shopping centers have emerged since the late 1980s. Recently, the USA retailing formats have been changed from the lower price-oriented discount types to the large scale theme parks. Much emphasis was put on entertainment, resorts, and convention centers. On the other hand, non-store types, such as the internet shopping, the CATV shopping, as well as catalog and mail-order sales are drastically increasing, although the proportion of their sales is low up to now. 3. In Korea, most of the retail facilities are concentrated in Seoul and the Metropolitan Region, and the distribution ratio of facilities came to 52% in 1997. The periodic markets, traditional markets which open on a periodic basis, are located mainly in Chollanam-do and Kyungsangbuk-do. The large-sized discount stores have expanded their locations to the over-crowded apartment complexes in new towns, located in the Metropolitan Region, and the large provincial cities, unlike the suburban locations in the USA. Therefore we needed to give attention to the locational relations in retail facilities between Seoul & the Metropolitan Region and rural settlement areas. In the USA, urban areas grew quickly with the development of the automobile in the 1920s, and the location of stores changed from a dispersed style centering around rural areas to a centralized one in urban areas. There is an accelerated growth for suburban areas, which have grown rapidly since 1950. As the membership warehouse clubs were introduced in the 1970s, the decentralization of location was more intensified. On the other hand, inner cities were revitalized by rearranging existing facilities to cope with suburban areas. And the location-free virtual retailing & TV shopping are also growing every year. 4. In view of the above, the continuous and desirable development devices in Korean retail trade are summarized as follows: First, the countermeasures against economies of scale, increase in retailing sales, and rise of a employment percentage in retailing are in need. Second, a scheme of lowering the proportion of food retail sales, and increasing a ratio of durable goods sales need to be worked out. Third, the original ideas are needed to apply positively information, communication and technology to retailing, to graft the traditional types on modem ones based on the social culture. Fourth, strategies are needed to strengthen the competitiveness of our retail trade through cooperation and chains of smaller retailers, the large enterprises participating in the distribution industry. Fifth, in order to realize the above, the retail industry, the administration, and the academic world should support the retail segment with concern and a practical strategy plan.

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