• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.428-434
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• 2010

The spice combinations for substitute of salty taste were developed for reducing sodium intakes in home cooking. The seventeen materials, which have been known as remedy effects for hypertension, were collected and blended based on descriptive sensory evaluation and principal component analysis. Four types of spice combinations such as nutty, umami and salty, hot and sour, and multi attribute were developed as substitutes of salty taste. The developed spice combinations were applied to mackerel meat instead of salt. Consumer acceptance of mackerel meat with spice combinations was analyzed using hedonic nine point scale by 54 panelists. As the sensory evaluation results, the consumer acceptance value of the spice combinations for substitute of salty taste with hot and sour attribute was the highest value as 6.4, whereas that of the salt was 3.1. Also, the fish and rancid flavor were the lower values in the salt free spice blends than those of salt. The spice combinations for substitute of salty taste 5% and NaCl 1%, as a control, were spread on mackerel meat and incubated at $30^{\circ}C$ for 0, 24, and 48 hours. The TBA values of the spice combinations for substitute of salty taste were shown as a half and/or one third values of salt. As the result, the spice combinations for substitute of salty taste with reducing undesirable flavor could be used in home cooking instead of salt.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.17 no.5 s.89
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• pp.857-868
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• 2005

This paper deals with the accumulated damage in concrete structures due to the cyclic freeze-thaw as an environmental load. The cyclic ice body nucleation and growth processes in porous systems are affected by the thermo-physical and mass transport properties, and gradients of temperature and chemical potentials. Furthermore, the diffusivity of deicing chemicals shows significantly higher value under cyclic freeze-thaw conditions. Consequently, the disintegration of concrete structures is aggravated at marine environments, higher altitudes, and northern areas. However, the properties of cyclic freeze-thaw with crack growth and diffusion of chloride ion effects are hard to be identified in tests, and there has been no analytic model for the combined degradations. The main objective is to determine the driving force and evaluate the reduced strength and stiffness by freeze-thaw. For the development of computational model of those coupled deterioration, micro-pore structure characterization, pore pressure based on the thermodynamic equilibrium, time and temperature dependent super-cooling with or without deicing salts, nonlinear-fracture constitutive relation for the evaluation of internal damage, and the effect of entrained air pores (EA) has been modeled numerically. As a result, the amount of ice volume with temperature dependent surface tensions, freezing pressure and resulting deformations, and cycle and temperature dependent pore volume has been calculated and compared with available test results. The developed computational program can be combined with DuCOM, which can calculate the early aged strength, heat of hydration, micro-pore volume, shrinkage, transportation of free water in concrete. Therefore, the developed model can be applied to evaluate those various practical degradation cases as well.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.310-315
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• 2004

The purposes of this study were to: a) develop the quality assessment tool of Web-based Instruction (WBI) for nutrition education, b) evaluate the operated WBI (NutriZone) by this tool, and c) do the feasibility study about quality assessment tool for WBI by establishing the instruction and operating strategies. The developed quality assessment tool of WBI for nutrition education was divided into three categories of instruction design, contents and support ＆ operation. And a total of forty items were measured by Likert 5 point scale, computed as one point per item, and amounted to forty points in all. As a result of evaluation, NutriZone got 21.79 out of 40 points and fulfillment rate of 54.5%. The IPA (Importance-Performance Analysis) was applied to establish the instruction and operating strategies, and nine items characterized as attractiveness, multimedia, and learner-initiative were in 'Doing Great, Keep It Up', and so it was regar-ded as program designed with concern in WBI's characteristics unlike the conventional face-to-face education. But twelve items such as 'Errors on switch to other screens are few.', 'Ready correction leads to be out of systemic error.', 'Highlight marks and moving pictures were used in sign of importance.' and etc. that got high importance and low performance needed to be focused in instructional strategy.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.187-198
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• 2020

This study extracted deforestation area and degraded forestland area, which are potential REDD+ (Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation) project candidate areas in Paraguay using Land Cover Map (LCM) and Tree Cover Map (TCM). The REDD+ project objectives scenarios were set three stages: 'afforestation and economic efficiency scenario', 'local capacity reinforcement scenario', and 'Infrastructure-oriented scenario'. And then, we evaluated the project unit suitable area of the REDD+ project. All scenarios selected the evaluation factors for each scenario in addition to the area ratio factors for deforestation area and degraded forestland area and weighted values were extracted by assigning category scores. As a result of the three scenarios comparison analysis, Concepcion state score was the highest. Within Concepcion state, the Belon district had the highest score, making it appropriate as a project unit REDD+ project candidate area in Paraguay, while the San Carlos district had the lowest score. This study can be used as basic data for selecting REDD+ project candidate area in Paraguay, and it is expected to contribute sufficiently to REDD+ project if additional data or information of social, cultural and economic sectors are secured.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.91-97
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• 1998

Objectives：This study was designed for testing of Eating Attitude Test for Korean adolescents (EAT-26KA) on internal reliability and test-retest reliability and evaluation of each items through factor analysis. Methods：Total 1,160 middle and high school students were surveyed on June 1996. The questionnaire had been delivered by school teachers two weeks earlier before survey started. Among the 1,160 students, 114 students were selected by random. And then they were retested with same questionnaire on July 1996, four weeks later Result：Internal consistency of EAT-26KA was relatively good(Cronbach’s ${\alpha}$ =.83). There was statistically significance on test-retest reliability(r=.63 p<.01). But two items showed negative correlations(item No. 9, 17). and 5 items had low level correlation(p>.05, item No. 2, 6, 12, 21, 24). We performed factor analysis on whole items except No. 25 item. Result of factor analysis showed that the factor structure of EAT-26KA were different from that of EAT-26. Conclusion：The EAT-26KA is useful for the survey of the eating behavior and problems in Korean adolescents.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.14 no.11
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• pp.849-857
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• 2014

Occupational Stress is defined the stress which occurs in the workplace or organization. In Korean workers, the rate of occupational stress was 87.8% which was the highest level among OECD countries(average 80.0%). The purpose of this study was to examine the empirical verification of the Korean Occupational Stress Scale(KOSS) in physical therapists. For this purpose, the subject of this study was set up physical therapists who were working at Gyeonggi province and collected from 388 persons by using purposive sampling. The collected data was conducted explanatory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis in order to ascertain factor structure and practical verification of KOSS. Major results were as following: first, the reliability of KOSS was 0.83, and it means that a measure of internal consistency is high. Second, the KOSS result of physical therapists was composed 7 subscales(job demand, insufficient job control, job insecurity, interpersonal conflict, occupational system and lack of reward, organizational climate) and that is more appropriate measurement scale than the original one by using explanatory/confirmatory factor analysis. This study could be contributed as a tool for evaluation and outcome of the basic information of related occupational stress in physical therapists.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.59-67
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• 2015

PURPOSES : In this study, an image analysis method is used to evaluate the pore structure characteristics and permeability of hybrid concrete. METHODS : The binder weight of hybrid concrete is set to $400kg/m^3$, $370kg/m^3$, and $350kg/m^3$, and for each value of binder weight, the pore structure and permeability of concrete mixture is evaluated. The permeability of hybrid concrete is evaluated using a rapid chloride penetration test(RCPT). RESULTS : The concrete pore structure characteristics of hybrid concrete reveals that as the binder weight is reduced, the entrained air is reduced and the entrapped air is increased. The permeability of the hybrid concrete for all values was measured to be below 1000 C, which indicates a "Very Low" level of permeability relative to the evaluation standard of KS F 2711. Additionally, as the binder weight is decreased, there is a significant increase in the permeability of chloride ions. CONCLUSIONS : In this study, the pore structure characteristics of hybrid concrete at different binder weights shows that as the binder weight is reduced, the entrained air is reduced and the entrapped air is increased. Consequently, chloride ion penetration resistance of the hybrid concrete is diminished. As a result, it is expected that this will reduce the concrete's durability.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.141-148
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• 2017

Over the past 30 years, the business effects of the improvement project at black spot have been decreasing since 2010, with a reduction in the amount of government spending, coupled with proposing a uniform improvement plan. In order to promote more efficient improvement projects, it is necessary to evaluate the efficiency of local governments and improve the business methods of local governments with low efficiency. However, more sophisticated efficiency analysis methods are needed. Because in previous studies have been limited to the analysis of effects before and after the project through the simple before-after analysis. For this purpose, this study analyzed the efficiency of improvement project at black spot by local governments in Gyeonggi-do using DEA to compare and analyze efficiency in various fields. As a result, Goyang, Seongnam, Paju, Hanam and Yangju showed high efficiency local governments. For local governmetns with low efficiency, the improvement projets to improve efficiency were divided into civil engineering work, structure work, pavement work, additional work and transportation work, and the appropriate construction ratios of each local government were analyzed and presented.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.11-18
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• 2016

It is very important to decide probability precipitation that is used as hydraulic structure design and target rainfall for urban disaster prevention. Especially, National Emergency Management Agency (NAMA) announced target rainfall from probability precipitation in korea on city and district level. It make use to performance evaluation of disaster prevention and planning of development for disasters prevention capacity target. In this study was calculated target rainfall that is duration 1~3 hour based unit of gu (borough) by point and regional frequency analysis using rainfall data of Surface Synoptic Stations (SSS) and Automatic Weather Stations (AWS). The result of this study can utilized as a reference to related business such as disaster capability assessment and achievement of prevention capacity target against disasters. And it also will be contribute to establishment of prevention capacity target against disasters.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.225-232
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• 2017

Several maintenance issues related to cavitation erosion and fatigue cracks in the water turbine subcomponents of pumped-storage plants, such as a runner and a draft tube, have been reported in the past. Generally, the pumped-storage plants provide ancillary services, such as black-start and system stabilization. The ancillary services are responsible for cyclic low opening operation of the guide vanes. It has been empirically established that this low opening operation further damages the water turbine subcomponents. In this study, the acceleration effect of the low opening operation on the cavitation erosion and fatigue of the water turbine is quantitatively assessed through finite element flow analysis, finite element stress analysis, and fatigue analysis. As a result of the assessment, it is identified that the cavitation potential increases and the turbine efficiency decreases with a decrease in the opening of the guide vane. Also, the low opening operation has an insignificant effect on the fatigue even though it increases the maximum stress values at the runner blade roots.