• 제목/요약/키워드: Restriction of Activities

검색결과 169건 처리시간 0.024초

만성 뇌졸중 환자의 참여제한에 활동과 가족지지가 미치는 영향 (The Effects of Activity and Family Support on the Participation Restriction of Chronic Stroke Patients)

  • 김원호
    • 한국전문물리치료학회지
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    • 제19권1호
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    • pp.76-85
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    • 2012
  • The purpose of this study was to identify the factors determining the participation restriction of chronic stroke patients based on international classification of functioning, disability, and health (ICF) model. Sixty-eight stroke patients participated. The participants were assessed participation restriction using the Korean version of London handicap scale (K-LHS), modified Barthel index (K-MBI) to measure activities of daily living, Berg balance scale (K-BBS) to assess balance, and the center for epidemiologic studies depression (K-CES-D) to gauge depression. Also, 3 minutes walking test (3MWT), gait velocity, asymmetric posture, and family support were assessed. A stepwise multiple regression analysis was used to explore the factors determining participation restriction. There were no significant different in the K-LHS and K-MBI results by gender (p>.05). Correlations between the K-LHS and K-MBI (r=-.656), K-BBS (r=-.543), K-CES-D (r=.266), 3MWT (r=-.363), gait velocity (r=.348), and family support (r=-.389) were significant (p<.05). Also, the K-MBI and family support were the factors that determined participation restriction (p<.05) and that 40.2% of the variation in the K-LHS can be explained. Therefore, it is suggested that evaluation and intervention of patient's activity level and extent of family support is necessary to reduce participation restriction of chronic stroke patients.

당뇨병 흰쥐에서 식이 제한 급여가 장기의 항산화효소 활성도 및 체중에 미치는 영향 (Effects of Dietary Restriction on the Body Weight and Antioxidant Enzymes in Various Organs of Diabetic Rats)

  • 이병래;차종희;박재윤;박영진;박평심
    • 한국식품영양과학회지
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    • 제30권3호
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    • pp.521-527
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    • 2001
  • The effects of dietary restriction (DR) on antioxidant enzymes were studied in liver, lung and erythrocytes of diabetic rats. Experimental animals used Sprague-Dawley (SD; body weight 350$\pm$20g) male rats and Otsuka Long Evans Tokushima fatty (OLETE; body weight 5--$\pm$30g) male rats, as a model of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Type I diabetes was induced in SD rats by intramuscular injection of alloxan (80 mg/kg BW). Animals were randomly assigned either to continue the ad libitum diet or 40% DR (60% intake of ad libitum diet) groups. The body weight was measured at every 2 weeks to 4 months following DR. The activities of antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx) were measured in liver, lung and erythrocytes and the concentration of TBARS as a marker of reactive oxygen species-induced tissue injry was also measured in rats after 4 months 40% DR. The body weight 4 months after 40% DR of control SD, alloxian-diabetid SD and OLETE rats were 80%, 98% and 75% of each control groups, respectively. The activities of SOD, catalase and GSHPx in lung and erythrocytes of rats were not change by 40% DR but in 4 month 40% DR rat liver, the activities of SOD and catalase were increased in control SD, alloxan-diabetic SD, and OLETF groups. The concentration of TBARS in lung and erythrocytes was also not changed by 40% DR, while liver TBARS concentration was decreased in OLETF and control SD rats compared to each non-DR control rats. These results suggested that the body weight changes in diabetic rats by DR was more prominent in type 2 diabetes and changes of antioxidant enzymes is most prominent in liver by DR either type 1 and 2 diabetic rats.

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장애인차별금지법에 대한 건축 관련법의 보완에 관한 연구 - 문화예술시설을 중심으로 - (A Study on the Supplement of the Architecture Act Related to the Act of Disability Discrimination - Focusing on the Cultural and Arts Facilities -)

  • 조철호;소준영
    • 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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    • 제20권6호
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    • pp.340-349
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    • 2011
  • The Act of Disability Discrimination and Rights Restriction established in 2008 states that all services including cultural and artistic activities should be fair and easily accessible for both disabled and non-disabled. While the previous society focused on providing the basic necessaries of life to disabled, the modern society gradually tuming their attention to improving quality of the life of disabled, especially in culture and art related activities. The Act of Disability Discrimination and Rights Restriction also states that the services for cultural and artistic activities should be provided from 2010. However in reality, there are contradictions among the Disability Discrimination Act, the Convenience Improvement Act for the Disabled, the Aged, and the Pregnant Woman, and the laws related architecture. So they are having difficulties technically with applying these laws. First, this research contains the comparison of domestic and foreign acts related to the legitimate accommodation uses of cultural and arts facilities for the disabled. Second, this research also lists the facts of conflict between the laws of legitimate accommodation uses for the disabled and the Architecture related laws. Finally, several suggestions are stating for the complementarily improved architecture-related laws which were based on the standard of foreign countries for the disabled.

Na 섭취제한, K 투여 및 이뇨 기간중 실혈성 Aldosterone 반응의 변동 (Alteration of Hemorrhagic Aldosterone Response During Sodium Restriction, Potassium Supplement and Diuresis)

  • 성호경;유용운;고주환;박귀원;이장규
    • 대한핵의학회지
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    • 제11권1호
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    • pp.3-8
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    • 1977
  • Effect of sodium restriction with or without potassium supplement and furosemide diuresis on plasma aldosterone response to mild hemorrhage were studied in normotensive young volunteers. After an overnight fast, blood were drawn just before and 10, 20, 30, 50, 70, 90, and 120 minutes after the $^3H$-aldosterone injection. The sum of blood delivered reached over 100ml(during two hours). Plasma aldosterone and renin were measured by means of radioimmunoassay. The results were as followed; 1. Hemorrhage resulted in a moderate increase in plasma aldosterone level of volunteers with normal diet. 2. The mean figures of plasma aldosterone in subjects with sodium restriction and diuresis were likewise significantly increased by hemorrhage, however, the figure of the subjects with potassium supplement who already shown higher plasma level was without effect on hemorrhage. 3. Hemorrhage produced slight decrease in serum sodium concentration in every experimental conditions, although the changes were not significant. 4. Plasma renin activities after the hemorrhage followed a similar pattern with that of aldosterone, increased during sodium restriction or diuresis and unaffected during potassium supplement.

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주거단지 내 아동 놀이장소의 지원 및 제약 요인에 관한 연구 - 초등학생의 인식을 기반으로 - (A Study on the Support and Restriction Factors of Children's Play Spaces in Housing Complex - Based on the Perception of Primary School Students -)

  • 박진희;이상호
    • 한국주거학회논문집
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    • 제27권1호
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    • pp.41-50
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    • 2016
  • This study aims to draw the factors of support and restriction as children play in the outdoor space through their participation. The 135 students (fifth- and sixth- graders) participated in the research using the mapping method included the daily diagram and the open-ended questionnaire. As the research results, the park, the school yard, the playground and the rest space were emerged as play spaces with high utilization rate. Through the analysis of play spaces based on children's perception, the physical and social-psychological factors are drawn as the factors of support and restriction. Some physical factors such as the location are relevant to social-psychological factors such as the friend and the danger. In conclusion, the physical factors which support or restrict children's activities have to be considered with the socialpsychological factors. And the result from children's experience and perception should be basis of providing appropriate spaces for children who are actual users of play spaces.

은행잎 제제의 급여제한 정책효과 분석 (Effects of reimbursement restriction on pharmaceutical expenditures : A case of Ginkgo biloba)

  • 권혜영;이태진
    • 보건행정학회지
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    • 제21권2호
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    • pp.249-262
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    • 2011
  • Since May 1st in 2008, the products of ginkgo biloba extract have had to be used with the patient's out-of-pocket payment due to reimbursement restriction guidelines. This study aims to analyze the policy effects of reimbursement restriction on pharmaceutical expenditures using interrupted time series(ITS) analysis. We retrieved monthly NHI claims data for the period between May, 2005 and December 2009. The ingredients identified as a substitute for ginkgo biloba have similar indications based on the similar pharmacological activities. The effects of changes in reimbursement scope were evaluated both for all relevant pharmaceuticals within the same therapeutic class and for 2 separate groups : ginkgo biloba's and its substitutes. According to the study results, restrictions on reimbursement scope resulted in savings of the drug expenditures in the targeted therapeutic class. Direct restriction on ginkgo biloba was associated with a decrease in expenditure level by 60.1% and changes in trend from an average increase rate of 1.4% to an average decrease rate of 1.5% for the therapeutic class, with a dramatic decrease in expenditure level(-191.5%) for ginkgo biloba itself, but with an increased expenditure level(+50.1%) and changes in trend from an average increase rate of 2.0% to an average decrease rate of 1.0% for the substitute group. Further policy to restrict nicergoline was associated with additional decrease in expenditure level for the therapeutic class. Additionally, we could identify the balloon effect - a new policy squeezing one part results in bulging out elsewhere. After the restriction of ginkgo biloba, the utilization of and expenditures on its substitutes increased significantly. In conclusion, we demonstrated that consecutively introduced policies effectively reduced overall expenditures on the therapeutic class of interest. Some ingredients played as a substitute while others did not. Further studies need to be conducted to identify which factors determine a substitute.

열량제한(熱量制限) 및 무단백식이(無蛋白食餌)가 흰쥐의 체내대사(體內代謝)에 미치는 영향(影響) (Effects of Protein Depletion and Protein Calorie Restriction on Metabolic and Enzymatic Activities in Adult Rats)

  • 김경자;김숙희
    • Journal of Nutrition and Health
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    • 제6권3호
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    • pp.1-8
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    • 1973
  • Metabolic responses to the protein-free, high-carbohydrate diet and subsequent food restriction on the same diet at the level of 50% and 75% has been studied on the adult albino rats. The energy source was either corn starch or sugar. In experiment I, adult male rats weighing $509{\pm}8g$ were divided into two groups 10 rats each. Rats fed on the stock diet served as a control. Rats of restriction group received a protein free diet until they reduced their weight down to 400g and continue on a protein-calorie restriction diet until they reduced their weight down to 300g. In experiment II, 28 adult male rats and the same numbers of female rats weighing $329{\pm}5g$ and $223{\pm}4g$ respectively were divided into four groups, 7 males and females in each. Rats fed on a stock diet were sacrificed at the point when others started a protein free diet. These were served as the control. The protein free group received a protein free diet ad libitum for 4 weeks. The 50% restriction group and 75% restriction group were fed on a protein free diet coupled with food restriction at levels of 50% and 75% respectively for 3 weeks. In the result of this study: 1. The rate of body weight changes was similar between the males and the females. Feeding protein free diet ad lib. initiated a rapid weight lost of approximately 25% and protein free diet coupled with food restriction showed 37-43% reduction of their initial weight. 2. There was no significant differences in the value of the N concentration in liver, spleen, brain and muscle between controls and experimental groups. 3. Rats fed on protein free diet showed 1/10 value of the control in the nitrogen excretion in urine. However female showed less N excretion than male. 4. Observing blood picture, the effects of protein depletion and calorie restriction were not appeared any remarkable changes. 5. There was no sign of fatty liver which might result from protein depletion and calorie restriction. 6. Following semi-starvation, FAO and HMP-DH total enzyme activity was reduced, but activity per unit weight was relatively stable.

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의료공급자 단체에 대한 공정거래법상 사업활동제한 적용 -달빛어린이 병원 사건을 중심으로- (Antitrust Regulation on the Restriction of Business Activities by Healthcare Providers' Organization)

  • 정재훈
    • 의료법학
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    • 제19권2호
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    • pp.75-98
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    • 2018
  • 최근 서울고등법원은 대상판결(서울고판 2018. 4. 5, 2017누58580)을 통하여 대한소아청소년과 의사회의 소아과병원이나 소아과의사에 대한 제한 행위가 독점규제 및 공정거래에 관한 법률(이하 '공정거래법'이라고 한다) 제26조 제1항 제3호에 위반되는 지에 관하여 공정거래위원회(이하 '공정위'라고 한다)의 처분을 취소함으로써 이를 부정하였다. 대상판결은 종전에 확립된 대법원 판결에 따라 공정거래법 제26조 제1항 제3호에 있어서도 경쟁제한성이 필요하다는 전제에서 사업활동제한 행위가 성립하는지, 그 행위에 경쟁제한성이 있는지 등을 중심으로 심리하였다. 대상판결에 대하여는 다음과 같은 분석이 가능하다. 첫째, 공정거래법 제26조 제1항 제3호의 '제한'은 '과도한 제한'으로 해석하는 것이 바람직하다. 사업자단체가 구성원에 대하여 제한을 가하는 것은 원칙적으로 허용되지만, 예외적으로 공익적 차원에서 공정위가 규제를 한다는 취지에서 제한적으로 해석하는 것이 상당하다. 둘째, 대상판결은 원고의 행위가 구성사업자의 가격, 수량, 품질 등을 제한하여 경쟁제한성이 인정된다고 보기 어렵다고 판단하였다. 대상판결은 종전에 확립된 대법원 판결에 따라 공정거래법 제26조 제1항 제3호에 있어서도 경쟁제한성이 필요하다는 전제에 선 것으로 수긍할 수 있다. 그런데, 의료시장의 가격이 정부에 의하여 강력하게 통제되는 상태에서 경쟁제한성 판단을 위한 핵심적인 논제는 공급량 감소의 문제로서, 공급량이 경쟁제한효과를 유발할 정도로 감소하였음이 수량적으로 증명된다면 경쟁제한효과를 인정하는데 어려움이 없을 것이지만, 이는 일반적으로 증명하기 어려우며, 실제 이 사건에서 공정위가 공급량 감소를 증명할 유력한 증거를 제출하지 못한 것으로 보인다. 다른 한편, 공정거래법상 경쟁제한성은 경쟁제한의 우려가 있는 경우에도 인정되므로, 이 사건에서 경쟁제한효과가 발생할 우려가 있었는지의 증명이 문제된다. 이 사건은 공급량을 줄이기 위한 직접적인 의도와 목적이 드러나고 경험칙상 공급량이 지속적으로 감소할 것임을 인정할 수 있는 사건임에 비추어 대상판결의 논지에 대하여는 동의하기 어렵다. 대상판결이 사업자단체 규제를 통하여 경쟁제한성의 근본적인 문제를 다룬 것은 이론적인 측면에서나, 실무적인 측면에서나 의미가 있다. 대상판결은 경쟁제한성의 이해, 경쟁제한효과의 판단, 경쟁제한효과의 증명 수준 등에 관하여 의료서비스의 공급량을 매개로 하여 흥미로운 판단을 하였고, 대법원이 이를 어떻게 판단할지에 관하여 관심이 집중되고 있다.

Bacillus stearothermophilus Acetyl Exterase 유전자(estII)의 클로닝과 Escherichia coli에서의 발현 (Molecular Cloning and Expression of the Acetyl Xylan Esterase Gene(estII) of Bacillus Stearothermophilus in Escherichia coli)

  • 김희선;엄수정;조쌍구;최용진
    • 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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    • 제22권6호
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    • pp.599-606
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    • 1994
  • Bacillus stearothermomophilus, a strong xylan degrader, was confirmed to express multiple esterase activities in addition to the major xylanolytic enzymes. One of the genes encoding the esterases was isolated from the genomic library of B. stearothermophilus constructed with EcoRl restriction endonuclease and pBR322 plasmid. Three recombinant plasmids showing the tributyrin degrading activity were selected from approximately 7, 000 E. coli HB101 transformants, and were found to have the same insert of a 3.2 kb DNA fragment. Restriction mapping and hybridization studies revealed that the gene(estII) on the hybrid plasmid (pKMG7) had originated from the B. stearothermophilus chromosome, and was distinct from the estl, another esterase gene of B. stearothermophilus isolated in the previous work. The E. coli cells harboring pKMG7 produced an acetylxylan esterase that exibited similar substrate specificity to the esterase encoded by the estI gene.

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Effects of chronic caloric restriction on kidney and heart redox status and antioxidant enzyme activities in Wistar rats

  • Dutra, Marcio Ferreira;Bristot, Ivi Juliana;Batassini, Cristiane;Cunha, Nubia Broetto;Vizuete, Adriana Fernanda Kuckartz;Souza, Daniela Fraga De;Moreira, Jose Claudio Fonseca;Goncalves, Carlos-Alberto
    • BMB Reports
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    • 제45권11호
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    • pp.671-676
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    • 2012
  • Caloric restriction (CR) has been associated with health benefits and these effects have been attributed, in part, to modulation of oxidative status by CR; however, data are still controversial. Here, we investigate the effects of seventeen weeks of chronic CR on parameters of oxidative damage/modification of proteins and on antioxidant enzyme activities in cardiac and kidney tissues. Our results demonstrate that CR induced an increase in protein carbonylation in the heart without changing the content of sulfhydryl groups or the activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase (CAT). Moreover, CR caused an increase in CAT activity in kidney, without changing other parameters. Protein carbonylation has been associated with oxidative damage and functional impairment; however, we cannot exclude the possibility that, under our conditions, this alteration indicates a different functional meaning in the heart tissue. In addition, we reinforce the idea that CR can increase CAT activity in the kidney. Moreover, CR caused an increase in CAT activity in kidney, without changing other parameters. Protein carbonylation has been associated with oxidative damage and functional impairment; however, we cannot exclude the possibility that, under our conditions, this alteration indicates a different functional meaning in the heart tissue. In addition, we reinforce the idea that CR can increase CAT activity in the kidney.