• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.133-144
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• 2010

The objective of this planning proposal is to rehabilitate the urban stream which has been ecologically disturbed in the urban process. The experimental stream, Su-am stream located in Anyang City is typical urban stream in adjacent land use and the spatial condition. The stream in the watershed context, is the second tributary of Han River, in the Anyangcheon watershed. The Characteristics of the stream reach were analyzed by the river corridor survey. In the conceptual phase, Rehabilitation Programs were established based on the hydrological, ecological and spatial characteristics of the stream. Spatial zoning concept according to the characteristics of the stream and adjacent land use, was suggested 4 types of zoning; ecological preservation zone, natural landscape zone, neighborhood water-friendly zone and CBD water-friendly zone. Implementation Practices can be summarized as follow: For The longitudinal river continuum, some In-stream practices were suggested and implemented; such as channel alignment, step & pool, pool & riffle and low-flow channel bank. For latitudinal continuum and intimate spatial relationship between Sam-duk Park & Su-am stream, gentle sloped bank was planned and implemented. After stream improvement & ecological Implementation, follow-up monitoring and adaptive management programs will be a meaningful process for ecological rehabilitation.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.85-96
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• 2020

The honeybee serves for most entomophilous flowers. They are a core species for maintaining the ecological system. Though the urban ecological system needs bees' mediation of pollination as well, we have little understanding on how the honeybee reacts to the physical environments of an urban city. This study is a basic research to enhance the potential environment for pollination in an urban area and aims to review the urban environmental variables which are highly linked to the pollination mediations by the honeybee. The study composed a Maxent model by adopting nine urban environmental variables and the locations of the Apis mellifera's appearances around 52 spots in Seoul. The variables reflect the ecology of the Apis mellifera. Of the urban environmental variables used for the model composition, six variables were found as not having meaningful correlations with the Apis mellifera's appearances and finally, building coverage, actual vegetation and land cover were selected as the appearance variables of the Apis mellifera. The AUC, the reliability indicator of the final model was 0.791 (sd=0.077). And the importance data of the variables used for the model were 55.6%, 27.9%, and 16.5% for building coverage, actual vegetation and land cover, respectively. The result of the study showed that the building coverage has the highest correlation with the appearance of the honeybee. And, as per the actual vegetation, the artificially tree planted area as well as the cultivated field and meadow in an urban area were functioning as the most important environmental conditions for the honeybee to be inhabitable. The study is expected to be utilized as the base material for the urban planning and park green area planning to enhance the potential environment for pollination in an urban area.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.45-56
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• 2019

Urban green areas are generally composed of relatively small and fragmented patches, but it is a critical factor for the quality of an urban environment. They have positive effects such as increasing green connectivity, reducing runoff, and mitigating urban heat. But, there is a lack of urban greening plans that consider the comprehensive effects of green space in real urban areas. To fill this gap in this literature, this study identifies a planning model that determines the optimal locations for maximizing green areas' multiple effects(e.g., heat mitigation and enhancement of connectivity) by using unused lots. This model also considers minimizing costs using meta-heuristic optimization algorithms. As a results, we finds 50 optimal plans that considers two effects within the limited cost in Nowon-gu. The optimal plans show the trade-off effect between connectivity, heat mitigation and cost. They also show the critical unused land lots for urban greening that are commonly selected in various plans. These optimal plans can effectively inform quantitative effectiveness of green space and their trade-off. We expect that our model will contribute to the improvement of green planning processes in reality.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.60-70
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• 2007

Green space infrastructures for three cities, Gwacheon, Uiwang, and Hanam, were analyzed in terms of the area of urban parks per capita, the percentage of green space area, the area of green space per capita, and the percentage of vegetation cover in residential area, etc., which are commonly used as criteria for urban green space planning. The differences in green space infrastructure among these three cities were compared to the satisfaction level of residents for their green space. The area of parks per capita corresponded to the satisfaction level when Seoul Great Park in Gwacheon and Misa Park in Hanam were not included. Although these two huge parks accounted more than 90% of the area of urban parks in Gwacheon and Hanam, they serve more people from outside the cities and not likely visited by residents due to lacking of daily accessibility. The percentage of vegetation cover in residential area were considered to affect the satisfaction of residents for green space, whereas the total area of green space or the percentage of green space area in the cities was not related to the satisfaction level. It suggests that the distributions and accessibilities of green space and park service are more important for satisfaction than total green space area indicating urban sustainability.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.105-119
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to analyze the hydrologic cycle environment of Gyeongui Line Forest Park, a linear city park, in order to improve hydrologic cycle systems in urban areas. The method of the study is the Biotope Area Ratio and the Permeable ratio survey. The study subject is the Gyeongui Line Forest Park, created in 2016 as a linear park in Seoul. The results showed that the Biotope Area Ratio improved by 31.2% (31,927㎡) from 35.7% (36,480㎡) in 2000 to 66.9% (68,407㎡) in 2019 on a site area of 102,117㎡. Next, the Permeable ratio improved by 43.8% from 29.0% to 72.8%, and the impermeable ratio decreased by 43.8% from 71.0% to 27.2%. The Biotope Area Ratio exceeded the target ratio of 60% by 6.9%, set by the Ministry of Environment. The ratio of green space exceeded the target ratio of 60%, by 4.0%. And so they contributed to the improvement of the hydrologic cycle by the creation of the Gyeongui Line Forest Park. Urban parks need to exceed the Biotope Area Ratio and the green area ratio of the legal standards, especially when creating large parks of over 100,000 square meters, in the era of climate change. It is necessary to continuously plant trees in the space where trees can be planted, and to contribute to the improvement of the hydrologic cycle system and urban heat island effect by conducting three-dimensional.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.61-72
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• 2014

We implemented ecological linkage assessment, through the connection components of the urban forests, rivers and parks, for the ecological connection of the urban parks which are standing out as the core of the urban green networks, so as to suggest basic data to compare, evaluate and improve urban green networks, as a basic study for the evaluation of the ecological connectabilities between the cities. For the ecological linkage assessment, we analyzed to see if the urban parks of Goyang, Ansan and Yongin, which are the subject cities, are actually ecologically connected with forests and rivers, using distance and roads, which are physical connection elements, in consideration of the mobility of the wild animals, and greening ratios and impervious pavement ratios, which are ecological connectabilities in consideration of the ecological values. The overall result of the ecological linkage assessment the physical connection elements and the ecological connection elements shows that the ecological green network ratio through direct connection states is 36.62% in Goyang, 42.55% in Ansan and 64.00% in Yongin, respectively, giving the ecological connectability ratio of less than half, with the average urban ecological green network ration of 47.72%. The comparison result of the ecological connectabilities between the object cities employing the connection elements indicates that when you set up green networks, you should consider together the physical connection elements, such as the roads, which will lower the ecological connectabilities - rather than do it simply based on areas and distances - while the ecological connection elements with the forests and the streams should be reinforced, so that the ecological connectabilities of the urban parks may be enhanced.

• 농촌계획
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.45-51
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is on monitoring complementary forest of village according to restoration project. Accordingly, this study was accomplished in case of Dubang complementary forest of village in Wanju-gun which was indicated as beautiful village forest by Korean government. This study describes the restoration project and identifies the change of species diversity and succession through monitoring. For this, vegetational survey was performed in 2003 and 2010. D(Dominant degree) and S(Sociability degree) was measured by Brown-Blanquet's method. The results demonstrate significant increase of species diversity and progress of natural succession. It means ecological structure and function have improved. Also ecological disturbance appears here and there on account of insufficient management.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.93-104
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to develop a list of plants that adapted to the aquatic environment in urban areas based on the list of plants surveyed through literature review and field surveys, and to classify the types of vegetation according to the five categories of plant distributions set by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (1988) in the aspect of the adaptability of plants to the aquatic environment. Results of the classification by category according to the adaptability to the aquatic environment for the plant species surveyed through literature review and field surveys showed that there are 45 species of OBL, 96 species of FACW, 66 species of FAC, and 94 species of FACU, totaling 650 species. In addition, a total of 50 species excluding exotic species, endangered species, and naturally introduced plants are proposed as appropriate plants for the urban aquatic environment that will be artificially constructed. The results of the study can be utilized as the basic information for maintaining diversity and stability of the ecosystem during the restoration of water ecology; they can serve as useful data for the development of an optimum vegetation model when planting in water spaces in the future and preparing proper planting plans for each space. In addition, it is believed that the information will be useful in wetland identification and evaluation by observing plant species that appear only in wetlands.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.107-117
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• 2012

We estimated the potential area roof greening in Gyeonggi-do that will mitigate the heat island effect. The estimation was based on building age, roof shape, and building use which were recorded in the building register from "Sewoomteo, the Building Administration System in the Ministry of Land, Transport and Maritime Affairs. The estimated potential roof greening area in Gyeonggi-do was approximately $102.5km^2$ assuming that the buildings for residence, public, education(school), office, shopping mall are appropriate for roof greening. The area occupied by apartment buildings over six-story was 76.3% of the potential roof greening area 10.2% for individual houses, 5.9% for under five-story apartment buildings, and 3.7% for school buildings. The result indicated that it is residential buildings that we need to pay attention for roof greening, especially high-rise buildings over six-story. Greening of the whole estimated area, $102.5km^2$, in Gyeonggi-do will result in the increase of green space per capita by $8.74m^2$. This is 1.65 times greater than the area of current urban parks, and 1.97 times greater than the total area of neighborhood parks, children's parks, and pocket parks. Greening of the estimated roof area will increase green coverage of urban area by twice, adding to current green coverage of the urban areas, 11.3%, in 10 major cities. In particular, the effect of roof greening would be remarkable in inceasing the green space of Anyang City, Gwangmyeong City, and Guri City where neighborhood park area falls short.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.39-51
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• 2018

Long-term unexecuted urban parks will be released from urban planning facilities after 2020, this may result in development of those parks. However, little research have been focused on how to develop those parks considering conservation, development, spatial pattern, and so on. Therefore, in this study, we suggested an optimization planning model that minimizes the fragmentation while maximizing the conservation and development profit using ACO (Ant Colony Optimization). Our study area is Suwon Yeongheung Park, which is long-term unexecuted urban parks and have actual plan for private development in 2019. Using our optimization planning model, we obtained four alternatives(A, B, C, D), all of which showed continuous land use patterns and satisfied the objectives related to conservation and development. Each alternative are optimized based on different weight combinations of conservation, development, and fragmentation, and we can also generated other alternatives immediately by adjusting the weights. This is possible because the planning process in our model is very fast and quantitative. Therefore, we expected our optimization planning model can support "spatial decision making" of various issue and sites.