• Title/Summary/Keyword: Restoration River

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Potential of River Bottom and Bank Erosion for River Restoration after Dam Slit in the Mountain Stream

  • Kang, Ji-Hyun;So, Kazama
    • Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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    • 2011.05a
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    • pp.46-46
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    • 2011
  • Severe sediment erosion during floods occur disaster and economic losses, but general sediment erosion is basic mechanism to move sediment from upstream to downstream river. In addition, it is important process to change river form. Check dam, which is constructed in mountain stream, play a vital role such as control of sudden debris flow, but it has negative aspects to river ecosystem. Now a day, check dam of open type is an alternative plan to recover river biological diversity and ecosystem through sediment transport while maintaining the function of disaster control. The purpose of this paper is to verify sediment erosion progress of river bottom and bank as first step for river restoration after dam slit by cross-sectional shear stress and critical shear stress. Study area is upstream reach of slit check dam in mountain stream, named Wasada, in Japan. The check dam was slit with two passages in August, 2010. The transects were surveyed for four upstream cross-sections, 7.4 m, 34 m, 86 m, and 150 m distance from dam in October 2010. Sediment size was surveyed at river bottom and bank. Sediment of cobble size was found at the wetted bottom, and small size particles of sand to medium gravel composed river bank. Discharge was $2.5\;m^3/s$ and bottom slope was 0.027 m/m. Excess shear stress (${\tau}_{ex}$) was calculated for hydraulic erosion by subtracting the values of critical shear stress (${\tau}_{c}$) from the value of shear stress (${\tau}$) at river bottom and bank (${\tau}_{ex}=\tau-{\tau}_c$). Shear stress of river bottom (${\tau}_{bottom}$) was calculated using the cross-sectional shear stress, and bank shear stress (${\tau}_{bank}$) was calculated from the method of Flintham and Carling (1988). $${\tau}_{bank}={\tau}^*SF_{bank}((B+P_{bed})/(2^*P_{bank}))$$ where $SF_{bank}=1.77(P_{bed}/p_{bank}+1.5)^{-1.4}$, B is the water surface width, $P_{bed}$ and $P_{bank}$ are wetted parameter of the bed and bank. Estimated values for ${\tau}_{bottom}$ for a flow of $2.5\;m^3/s$ were lower as 25.0 (7.5 m cross-section), 25.7 (34 m), 21.3 (86 m) and 19.8 (150 m), in N/$m^2$, than critical shear stress (${\tau}_c=62.1\;N/m^2$) with cobble of 64 mm. The values were insufficient to erode cobble sediment. In contrast, even if the values of ${\tau}_{bank}$ were lower than the values for ${\tau}_{bottom}$ as 18.7 (7.5 m), 19.3 (34 m), 16.1 (86 m) and 14.7 (150 m), in N/$m^2$, excess shear stresses were calculated at the three cross-sections of 7.5 m, 34 m, and 86 m distances compare with ${\tau}_c$ is 15.5 N/$m^2$ of 16mm gravel. Bank shear stresses were sufficient for erosion of the medium gravel to sand. Therefore there is potential to erode lateral bank than downward erosion in a flow of $2.5\;m^3/s$. Undercutting of the wetted bank can causes bank scour or collapse, therefore this channel has potential to become wider at the same time. This research is about a potential of sediment erosion, and the result could not verify with real data. Therefore it need next step for verification. In addition an erosion mechanism for river restoration is not simple because discharge distribution is variable by snow-melting or rainy season, and a function for disaster control will recover by big precipitation event. Therefore it needs to consider the relationship between continuous discharge change and sediment erosion.

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Analysis of River Disturbance using a GIS(II) (GIS기법을 이용한 하천 교란 실태의 분석(II))

  • Park, Eun-Ji;Kim, Kye-Hyun;Jang, Chang-Lae
    • Journal of Korea Spatial Information System Society
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    • v.10 no.4
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    • pp.27-35
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    • 2008
  • Current re-arrangement of rivers and waterways have been made uniformly ignoring characteristics of individual rivers thereby aggravating artificial river restructuring. On the contrary, quantitative techniques to evaluate the aftermath of artificial river disturbance such as uprising of river bed, intrusion of foreign fisheries, and changes of ecological habitats are not available. To establish such quantitative techniques, analysis of the river changes to evaluate the major causes of the river disturbance and its impacts is essential. Therefore, research for proposing a method which can be applied for the development of techniques to investigate river disturbance according to the major factors for the domestic rivers using airphotos and GIS techniques was preceded. In this study, the study area on the downstream of the river was selected and analysis of river disturbance using preceding method was done to confirm the benefit of analyzing river disturbance using GIS techniques. Trend analysis of the waterway sinuosity and changes of the flow path leaded to detailed verification of the river disturbance for specific location or time period, and this enabled to generate relatively accurate numbers representing sinuosity of the waterway and relevant changes. Also, it is possible to predict the effect on the current re-arrangement of the river and waterway to river flow using the analysis of past river change. It is necessary to establish GIS based proper measures for environmental river restoration using the results from this study and future works.

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Studies on β-diversity for high plant community turnover in flood plain restoration (수변 복원 시 식물종 다양성 증진을 위한 β-diversity 연구)

  • Han, Young-Sub;Kim, Hae-Ran;Han, Seung-Ju;Jeong, Jung-Kyu;Lee, Seung-Hyuk;Jang, Rae-Ha;Cho, Kyu-Tae;Kang, Tay-Gyoon;You, Young-Han
    • Journal of Wetlands Research
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    • v.15 no.4
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    • pp.501-508
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    • 2013
  • We have researched heterogeneity of naturalized river plant community by ${\beta}$-diversity for restoration of river community which has high diversity plant species. As a result the average of heterogeneity was 0.32(range 0.23~0.37) from the river to the inland. This value shows community turnover of species composition of plant communities 6 times. The ${\beta}$-diversity was no difference among water system of Seomjin river, Han river, Nakdong river and Geum river. The upper-river valley(0.36) was higher than lower-river valley(0.23) in each water system(p level<0.05). Multiple regressing analysis was used for look the relationship with Environmental factors as a result, it shows ${\beta}$-diversity significant on a slope. River mimetic diagram with dominant species that appear through Belt-transect painted. Dominant plant species turned 6 time in upper-river and turned about 5 time in lower-river. The result of this study suggested practical basis of planting species and planting pattern. To improve species diversity of river plant community, slope degree raise is the most important.

Channel Evaluation for Abandoned Channel Restoration Using Image Analysis Technique (영상분석기법을 이용한 구하도 복원 대상하천의 하도평가)

  • Hong, Il;Kang, Joon-Gu;Kwon, Bo-Ae;Yeo, Hong-Koo
    • Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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    • v.42 no.5
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    • pp.397-406
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    • 2009
  • River is able to change by various environmental factors. In order to conduct restoration design of abandoned river channels, it is necessary to evaluate the river through the analysis of past and present river channels. River evaluation requires various data, such as geometry, hydraulic and hydrology, but there is a lot of difficulty to understand topographical information of river change on time and space due to a lack of past data by domestic conditions. This study analyzes the changes in past and present river channels and examines the applicability of river channel evaluation through image analysis using aerial photographs and 1918 year's map. Aerial photograph analysis was conducted by applying the image analysis method and GIS analysis method on Cheongmicheon. As a result of this analysis, we have quantitatively identified the form and size of abandoned channels, changes in the vertical-section and cross-section length of rivers, and micro-landform changes. More importantly, we verified that morphological changes in sandbars due to artificial straightening are important data in identifying the state of current river channels. In these results, although image analysis technique has limitations in two-dimensional information from aerial photographs, we were able to evaluate the changes in river channel morphology after artificial maintenance of the river.

Establishment of Water Quality Standards and Water Quality Target in the Geum-River Basin (금강수계의 물환경기준과 목표수질 설정방안)

  • Yi, Sangjin
    • Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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    • v.29 no.3
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    • pp.438-442
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    • 2013
  • According to Geum-River restoration project, given conditions for management of water environment in the Geum-River were changed. Because of those changes, this study was investigated the establishment of water quality standards and water quality target in the Geum-River basin. For management of water environment in the Geum-River, the sub-basins and watersheds are newly divided and the water quality and ecosystem standards in the sub-basins are reestablished. Considering the consistency of water environment policy and legal system, the legal name of sub-basins and watersheds are unified. TMDL (total maximum daily load) should be implemented in the sub-basin where exceeds the water quality standards and the number of water pollutant among the water quality parameters which exceeds the water quality standards are extremely minimized. The water quality target of water pollutant for implementation of TMDL should be established same or higher concentration of water quality standards.

A Study On the Classification and Characteristics of Wetlands - Cases on the Watershed of Tumen River downstream in China - (중국 두만강 하류 유역의 습지 분류 특성에 관한 연구)

  • Zhu, Wei-Hong;Kim, Kwi-Gon
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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    • v.5 no.1
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    • pp.35-50
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    • 2002
  • This study aims to understand wetland distribution and type-specific classification features with a focus on Tumen River downstream in China by adjusting and improving the classification system used in Korea with a reference to international wetland classification systems and their criteria & methods. In this study, wetland types were determined based on hydrology, vegetation, and soil conditions, which are the most basic elements of wetlands. Also, topography analytical map, vegetation analytical map, and soil analytical map for wetland classification were developed and used based on currently available topography map, vegetation map, and soil map. In addition, codes were defined based on topography, location, hydrology, and vegetation. The result shows that, in the Tumen River downstream, wetlands are often found near natural revetment and terrace land & river-bed lakes. In the discovered wetlands, riverine, lacustrine, and inland wetlands were mostly found at system level. Riparian and human-made wetlands were also identified. At a sub-system level, perennial and seasonal wetlands were found to a similar degree. At a class level, perennial open water, herbal plants, and shrubs were mostly found and sandy plain, hydrophytes, and forest tree types were also observed. An overall detailed classification shows that a total of 17 wetland types were found and a large distribution of sand dunes and river-bed lakes, which are scarce in Northeast Asia, indicates that other rare wetland types such as palustrine seasonal sand plain wetland and lacustrine seasonal sand plain wetland may be discovered.

River Landscape Change Detection Using Digital Photogrammetry Combined with Visual Interpretation (시각판독 및 수치사진측량을 이용한 하천경관 변화 파악)

  • Ahn, Seung-Mahn;Kim, Jae-Cheol;Lee, Kyoo-Seock
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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    • v.10 no.6
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    • pp.81-87
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    • 2007
  • 1960년대 이후 빠른 도시화는 도시 자연환경, 그중에서도 도시 하천을 많이 변화 또는 훼손시켰다. 한강은 서울의 중심을 흐르는 강으로서 60년대 이후 도시화로 인해 유로변경, 천변백사장 망실 등 자연경관이 급격히 변화하였다. 오늘날 하천은 도시의 생태통로로서 뿐만 아니라 천변 녹지 및 오픈스페이스로서 그 가치의 중요성을 인정받고 있다. 따라서 변화된 하천자연경관은 환경복원의 주요 대상이며 이를 위해서는 훼손되기 전 하천경관의 원형파악이 필수적이다. 경관의 원형파악을 위해서는 촬영당시의 지형, 지물의 구체적인 정보들을 보유하고 있는 항공사진과 고해상도 위성영상 등의 원격탐사 자료를 이용, 대상지의 지형, 지질, 식생, 토괴 등을 판독하여 자연경관의 변화를 파악하는 것이 효과적이다. 최근에는 항공사진 외에도 IKONOS 위성 영상과 같은 고해상도영상을 판독한 후 이를 수치사진측량기법을 이용하여 경관변화의 계량적 파악을 시도하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 한강을 대상으로 1966년부터 2002년까지의 변화를 상기 방법을 이용하여 하천 자연경관변화를 파악하였다. 판독결과 대부분의 하천 변화는 모래사장과 곡류하천이 소멸돼 다른 용도로 전환된 것으로 나타났으며 모래사장은 하천 직강화로 인해 하천으로 변했으며 하천은 단지 및 택지개발에 따른 천변도로 개설로 인해 소멸된 것이 가장 큰 원인으로 각각 나타났다.

Application of Grouping Method to select Priority Restoration Streams in Geumgang Watershed based on Analysis of Pollution Factors (하천수질 오염요소 분석을 근거로 금강수계의 우선정비 대상하천 선정을 위한 집단화 기법적용)

  • Lee, Sang Ho;Hwang, Jeong Jae
    • Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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    • v.27 no.5
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    • pp.661-669
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    • 2013
  • River-water quality has been greatly improved during past several decades with the extraordinary expansion for the wastewater treatment capacities by the government. Research aims to select the priority restoration streams based on the chronicle data for tributaries in Geumgang watershed as the main stream area in the Chungchungnamdo province. The quality of BOD, phosphorus and percent of sewered population on 15 branch streams were compared by the grouping methods. The results of group D streams by category I that exceed 3.0 mg/L for BOD and 0.1 mg/L for phosphorus were Seuksung, Ganggyung and Bangchuk stream. The results of group D streams by category II that exceed 3.0 mg/L for BOD and less than 63.5 % of average percent of sewered population were Ganggyung, Gilsan, Bangchuk and Seuksung stream. The final results of selected streams drawn by the chronicle data which exceeded the standard quality and lower than the average percent of sewered population were Seoksung, Gangeyung and Bangchuk stream. The pollution of rivers in the down streams were more serious than in the upper streams. Their watersheds have to be improved river water quality, especially to extend sewer systems as well as wastewater treatment facilities.

Current Status of Korean Otter and Their Conservation

  • Han, Seung Woo;Han, Sung Yong
    • Proceedings of the National Institute of Ecology of the Republic of Korea
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    • v.3 no.1
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    • pp.1-6
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    • 2022
  • Among the 13 species of otters in the world, only one Eurasian otter (Lutra lutra) is found in South Korea. In the Korean Peninsula, otter pelts were historically valuable and expensive commodities used for international trade, and otters have long been poached as hunting animals. Recent rapid economic development in South Korea has increased habitat fragmentation and loss, creating a continuing threat to the natural environment. Otters live only in the area of rivers and streams as a family group and are territorial (linear habitat). Due to these limited conditions of otter habitat, the population size of otter is lower than that of onshore mammals. According to recent research, DNA analyses using microsatellite markers have shown that only approximately 7-21 otter individuals inhabit river systems for a length of 50-230 km. Korea's urban streams are associated with many threats that hinder otters from inhabiting them. Many areas around the urban streams are surrounded by high concrete riverbanks, and the risk of roadkill is also high. Nevertheless, ecological restoration projects in the urban rivers will contribute greatly to the stable inhabitation of otters. Detailed otter conservation strategies, such as the elimination of threat factors, improvement of habitat environment, and restoration of food resources and shelter, will provide a positive restoration effect on otter and river ecosystems as well.

QUALITY MANAGEMENT OF ECOLOGICAL ENGINEERING

  • Ying-Mei Cheng;Been-Jyh Yu
    • International conference on construction engineering and project management
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    • 2009.05a
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    • pp.1216-1222
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    • 2009
  • Ecological Engineering (EE) refers to all sustainable engineering that can reduce damage to ecosystems and that adopts ecology as a base and safety as an orientation in order to implement conservation of biodiversity and sustainable development. In short, EE attempts to safeguard the ecological environment while any essential construction projects proceed. EE encompasses many fields, including construction skills, ecosystem preservation, landscape, and even related cultures and so on. Such variety results in greater complexity of construction, and, consequently, indirectly increases the difficulty of construction quality control. The objective of our research is to explore a promising model for EE via an extensive literature survey. This model includes three principal stages: plan-design, construction, and maintenance, along with individual accompanying phases concerned with quality control and vital management. In this article, a river restoration example is adopted to describe in detail the critical points of quality control in the three stages (plan-design, construction, and maintenance) of the construction life cycle. This study proposes an integrated structure for quality management of EE to guarantee its quality and to enhance its core applications in order to achieve long-lasting preservation of the environment.

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