• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.64-71
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• 2006

Research was initiated to investigate vegetation coverage and growth of main herbaceous flowers under low maintenance condition like a wild state. Eleven entries were comprised of 1 annual, 2 biennials and 8 perennials from widely used herbaceous flowers in Korea. Vegetation coverage and germination rate were high on annual and biennials when compared to perennials. Callistephus chinensis showed high vegetation coverage but lasted only for a year in 2001 and disappeared in 2002 as an annual. Oenothera odorata and Oenothera lamarckiana were also high vegetation coverage species with persistent only for two years as biennials. Therefore, these species should not be used in a large amount for ecological restoration when mixed with perennials because of affecting the vegetation coverage of perennials. There were considerable variations in vegetation coverage with perennial herbaceous flowers : Lotus corniculatus and Taraxacum platycarpum-high vegetation coverage species, Platycodon grandiflorum, Aster tataricus and Aster koraiensis-medium vegetation coverage species, and Aster yomena, Patrinia scabiosaefolia and Chrysanthemum indicum-low vegetation coverage species. Growth types of herbaceous flowers tested in this research were divided into 4 types : Callistephus chinensis, Oenothera lamarckiana and Aster koraiensis-wide leaf and tall type, Aster tataricus, Patrinia scabiosaefolia, Oenothera odorata, Taraxacum platycarpum, and Aster yomena-medium leaf and medium tall type, Platycodon grandiflorum-fine leaf and dwarf type, and Lotus corniculatus-fine leaf and tall type.

• ALGAE
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.141-146
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• 2007

Seagrass bed is an important component in coastal and estuarine ecosystems, providing food and habitats to a wide variety of marine organisms. Recently, seagrass coverage has declined significantly due to anthropogenic impacts such as cultural eutrophication and reclamation, and thus efforts are under way to prevent further losses and restore disturbed seagrass habitats worldwide. Seagrass transplantation techniques for habitat restoration include vegetative and seed-based methods. Seagrass seeds can be collected easily, and sowing seeds is an economically effective method for large-scale restoration. However, large numbers of seed can be lost by seed predation and physical disturbance in the planting areas. In the present study, Zostera marina seeds were coated with loess to reduce seed loss by predation and sweeping away by the water currents, and germination rates of coated seeds and seedling growth were examined to assess the feasibility of the seed-coating method for large-scale restoration. Germination rate of the coated seeds with loess was significantly higher than that of the uncoated seeds. Additionally, seedling growths were not significantly different between the coated and the uncoated seeds. These results suggest that coating of eelgrass seeds with loess enhances success of seed germintion with no harmful effects on seedling growth. Therefore, the seed coating method using loess may be an effective and applicable seedbased transplanting technique for large-scale restoration.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.42 no.5
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• pp.371-376
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• 2007

Objective : Balloon kyphoplasty can effectively relieve the symptomatic pain and correct the segmental deformity of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures. While many articles have reported on the effectiveness of the procedure, there has not been any research on the factors affecting the deformity correction. Here, we evaluated both the relationship between postoperative pain relief and restoration of the vertebral height, and segmental kyphosis, as well as the various factors affecting segmental deformity correction after balloon kyphoplasty. Methods : Between January 2004 and December 2006, 137 patients (158 vertebral levels) underwent balloon kyphoplasty. We analyzed various factors such as the age and sex of the patient, preoperative compression ratio, kyphotic angle of compressed segment, injected PMMA volume, configuration of compression, preoperative bone mineral density (BMD) score, time interval between onset of symptom and the procedure, visual analogue scale (VAS) score for pain rating and surgery-related complications. Results : The mean postoperative VAS score improvement was $4.93{\pm}0.17$. The mean postoperative height restoration rate was $17.8{\pm}1.57%$ and the kyphotic angle reduction was $1.94{\pm}0.38^{\circ}$. However, there were no significant statistical correlations among VAS score improvement, height restoration rate, and kyphotic angle reduction. Among the various factors, the configuration of the compressed vertebral body (p=0.002) was related to the height restoration rate and the direction of the compression (p=0.006) was related with the kyphotic angle reduction. The preoperative compression ratio (p=0.023, p=0.006) and injected PMMA volume (p<0.001, p=0.035) affected both the height restoration and kyphotic angle reduction. Only the preoperative compression ratio was found to be as an independent affecting factor (95% CI : 1.064-5.068). Conclusion : The two major benefits of balloon kyphoplasty are immediate pain relief and local deformity correction, but segmental deformity correction achieved by balloon kyphoplasty does not result in additional pain relief. Among the factors that were shown to affect the segmental deformity correction, configuration of the compressed vertebral body, direction of the most compressed area, and preoperative compression ratio were not modifiable. However, careful preoperative consideration about the modifiable factor, the PMMA volume to inject, may contribute to the dynamic correction of the segmental deformity.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.411-416
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• 2009

Purpose: Malignant melanoma is recognized as the most serious skin cancer. We examined anatomical distribution and 5 - year survival rate of each stage of malignant melanoma on lower leg. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the medical records of 91 patients(46 males and 45 females) with malignant melanoma on lower leg from 1985 to 2008. Age, sex, anatomical distribution and 5 - year survival rates of each stage of malignant melanoma on lower leg were investigated. Also, 5 - year survival rates of each stage and invasion depth of malignant melanoma on heel pad were investigated. Results: On lower leg, most frequently 32 cases(35.1%) occurred on heel pad, 27 cases(29.7%) occurred on dorsum of foot, 18 cases(19.8%) in toe and 14 cases(15.4%) on others in lower leg. We used the excision margin as 3 ~ 5 cm. After wide excision, in stage III, IV, the patients underwent the immunologic / chemo - therapy. The incidences of each stage were 22 cases(24.2%) in stage I, 47(51.6%) in II, 17(18.7%) in III and 5(5.5%) in IV. The 5 - year survival rates of each stage were 85%, 53.2%, 47.1% and 40%. On heel pad, the incidences of each stage were 5 cases(15.6%) in stage I, 19 cases(59.4%) in II, 7 cases(21.9%) in III and 1 case(3.1%) in IV. The 5 - year survival rates of each stage were 80%, 63.2%, 42.9% and 100%. On heel pad, incidence of local recurrence was 2 and 5 - year survival rate of this case was 100%. And systemic recurrence was 9 and 5 - year survival rate of this case was 55.6%. Conclusion: The 5 - year survival rate of malignant melanoma on heel pad was higher than previous study. To maintain the weight - bearing function of foot, we recommend the active reconstructive surgery for heel pad reconstruction after wide excision of heel pad malignant melanoma.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.439-445
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• 2008

Purpose: Malignant fibrous histiocytoma(MFH) is the most common soft tissue sarcoma in adult. As to this date, tissue development, treatment and prognosis of the tumor has not been definitely clarified, however, it has been reported that wide surgical resection of the tumor along with the radiotheraphy and chemotheraphy is needed for treatment. In MFH with high recurrence rate, the reconstruction method and points to be considered for reconstruction in recurrent case were studied in 10 patients who were treated in our hospital. Methods: From August of 1991 to August 2007, location of tumor, initial mass size, 1st recurred period, lymph node metastasis, recurrence rate, treatment modality, complication, reconstruction in recurrent defect, and follow up period was studied in 10 patients who underwent reconstruction at our Plastic surgery department following wide excision. Results: The average age was 62.8(46 - 73) years old, average follow up period was 7.7(1 - 17) years. Various reconstructions has been performed for recurrent cases and postoperative chemotheraphy and radiotheraphy was done. As for reconstruction in recurrent cases, After wide excision, local flap was performed in 6 cases, and free flap in 2 cases. After radiotherapy, osteoradionecrosis was occurred in 4 cases. Recurrence rate was 1 - 5(2.6) times and reconstruction due to recurrence was 7 out of 10 cases(70%). Conclusion: The treatment modality of MFH is not yet defined. Due to it's high recurrence rate, radiotherapy and chemotherapy is commonly combined with surgery. Even still, additional excision and reconstruction may be required. Therefore, possibility of re-operation must be considered when performing every excision and reconstruction; in case a recurrence or osteoradionecrosis occurs. Free flap coverage should be left as the last resort, according to the principle of reconstruction. Nevertheless, if the defect is large or osteoradionecrosis is present, it will benefit greatly to the patient's quality of life.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.1-11
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• 2002

The morphology, seed germination, and life history of Salix nipponica were investigated in the wetland of the Nam-River, Jinju, Gyeongsangnam-do, Korea from 2000 to 2001 to provide the basic data necessary for riverine ecosystem restoration through understanding the growth characteristics of Salix nipponica. Salix nipponica had stomata on only lower side and stomata type was paracytic. Salix nipponica produced many small and light seeds. The seed number per mature ament was 1599.4, seed mass of 0.04 mg, and fertilization rate of 66.1%. Seed germination was little affected by light. Germination rate was high and mean germination time was short Under flooding condition, seeds were germinated normally and were viable after as much as 14 days of flooding. But there were no differences under various water depths on germination rates. Tree age was closely correlated with more stem diameter than tree height and there was no difference of growth rate between male and female tree. Growth rate was most rapid for 2 to 3 years after germination, and length growth was almost stopped for more than 11 years even though mass growth was done. Besides even a second-year indivisual was flowered.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.13-20
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• 2005

This study was conducted to suggest the ecological restoration methods of the decomposed granite cut-slope by organic soil amendment materials. Field test carried out for the cut-slope with organic soil amendment materials method and other three revegetation methods in Cheongwon. Test revegetation plants were Festuca arundinacea, Lolium perenne, Dactylis glomerata, Lespedeza cyrtobotrya, and Arundinella hirta. The result of this study can be summarized as follows; 1. The soil hardness, the soil acidity, and the soil humidity of organic soil amendment materials method were at a suitable value for plants growth. And it was better as compared with other three revegetation methods of cutting-rock slopes. 2. The result of toxic substance investigation, all items were at a suitable for standard law. 3. During one year after seeding, most plants germinated and especially Festuca arundinacea and Dactylis glomerata grows well. Seedling numbers were 336.7 per $m^2$(after 6 months), 183.3 per $m^2$(after 10 months), and 353.3 per $m^2$(after 6 months). Ten months later after seeding, plants showed 80% ground coverage. Visual rate, plant height, and growth rate were excellence, Also, high plant growth in spring better than autumn.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.365-371
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• 2000

To restore image degraded by out-of-focus blur and additive noise, an iterative restoration is used. Acceleration parameter is usually applied equally to all over the image without considering the local characteristics of degraded images. As a result, the conventional methods are not effective in restoring severely degraded edge region and shows slow convergence rate. To solve this problem we propose an adaptive iterative restoration according to local degradation, in which the acceleration parameter has low value in flat region that is less degraded and high value in edge region that is more degraded. Through experiments, we verified that the proposed method showed better results with fast convergence rate, showed Visually better image in edge region and lower MSE than the conventional methods.

• Journal of Korea Technical Association of The Pulp and Paper Industry
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.60-64
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• 2009

Paper is easily damaged by physical and chemical deterioration under several factors. Damaged paper cultural heritage is usually restored by Lining. A traditional method of Lining is attaching the lining paper behind the original paper cultural heritage using starch and water. It supports the weakened quality of paper. In Japan, paper cultural heritage is restored with "Washi" which is made from mixture of Paper mulberry and Japanese cedar. In the west, the lining paper made from Paper mulberry, which has extraordinary excellent conservativeness, is usually used as a restoration material for paper. But Japanese Washi has dominated the demand for restoration materials as the most preferred restoration paper, and most kinds of paper made from Paper mullbery have been called as 'Japanese paper'. Result showed that the strength of the Korean lining papers was generally higher than that of the Japanese ones. As a result from measuring the rate of dimensional change after water-immersion and drying, sample B of the Korean lining papers and sample E of the Japanese lining papers showed the highest stability.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.24 no.12
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• pp.1641-1652
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• 2021

To analyze the crime scene, the role of digital evidence such as CCTV and black box is very important. Such digital evidence is often damaged due to device defects or intentional deletion. In this case, the deleted video can be restored by well-known techniques like the frame-based recovery method. Especially, the data such as the video can be generally fragmented and saved in the case of the memory used almost fully. If the fragmented video were recovered in units of images, the sequence of the recovered images may not be continuous. In this paper, we proposed a new video restoration method to match the sequence of recovered images. First, the images are recovered through a frame-based recovery technique. Then, after analyzing the time information marked on the images, the time information was extracted and recognized via optical character recognition (OCR). Finally, the recovered images are rearranged based on the time information obtained by OCR. For performance evaluation, we evaluate the recovery rate of our proposed video restoration method. As a result, it was shown that the recovery rate for the fragmented video was recovered from a minimum of about 47% to a maximum of 98%.