• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
• /
• 제5권4호
• /
• pp.291-309
• /
• 1973

TRIGA Mark II와 III 원자로의 여러가지 가동조건에 있어서 노벽으로 부터의 누설 ${\gamma}$선에 의한 조사선양률을 3"$\times$3"원통형 NaI(T1) 섬광계수기와 400 channel파 고분석장치로 측정하였는데 측정된 spectrum으로부터 조사선양률을 산출하는데는 실제적면에서 복잡하기 짝이 없는 response matrix 방법대신 정도가 좋으면서도 비교적 그 과정이 단순한 Moriuchi의 specturm -조사선양률 환산 이론을 적용하였다. 연구결과에 따르면 노심에서 발생된 누설 ${\gamma}$선의 기본적인 spectrum 형태는 원자로의 열출력이나 차장벽에 의한 강도의 감쇠에 별로 영향을 받지 않고 있으며 원자로 누설${\gamma}$선에 의란 전조사선양률의 공기중에서의 감쇠는 폭 넓은 energy분포에도 불구하고 지수함수적 감쇠를 하고 있음이 판명되있다. 이 전조사선양률은 원자로의 열출력에 대체로 비례하고 있으나 TRIGA Mark III과 같은 가동형노심의 경우는 측정된 spectrum이 매우 다양한바, 그로부터 산출된 전조사선양률의 크기에는 관계없이, spectrum 분해방법을 적용하여 노심에서 발생된 누설 ${\gamma}$선과 원자로가동중 발생되는 여지 ${\gamma}$선의 기여를 판별 해석하는데 성공하였다.

• 한국정밀공학회지
• /
• 제29권7호
• /
• pp.705-710
• /
• 2012

Research involving discomfort or pain related to haptic vibratory stimulation the for prosthesis users of myoelectrical hand is very lacking. Our objective of this study was to evaluate the displeasure and sensitivity of areas in forearm using vibration stimulation system between upper limb amputees and non-amputees. Twenty transradial amputees and forty non-amputees (20 youth, 20 elderly) were involved. We set up custom-made vibration stimulation system including eight actuators (4 medial parts and 4 lateral parts) and GUI-based acquisition system, to investigate changes of residual somatosensory sensibility and displeasure at proximal 25% of forearm. Eight vibration actuators were attached to the circumference of proximal 25% point of forearm at regular intervals. Sensitivity tests were used to stimulate the 120Hz and discomfort experiment was used to 37 ~ 223Hz. The subjective responses were evaluated by 10 point scale. The results showed that both groups were similar in sensitive areas. Response at around of radius was most sensitive than other areas in all subjects. Elderly group do not appear discomfort of vibrotactile; however, youth group and amputee presented discomfort of vibrotactile. Prosthesis with a vibrotactile feedback system should be developed considering the sensitivity. Furthermore, Future studies should investigate the scope of application of that principle.

• 한국보건간호학회지
• /
• 제14권1호
• /
• pp.100-113
• /
• 2000

The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of supportive nursing intervention on patient's response of anxiety in emergency room as the suspected experimental research sequentially designed for the unequal control group. This study collected the data from 100 patients including 50 patients of experimental group and 50 patients of control group in emergency room of the only one university hospital from July 12. to September 30, 1999. This study used questionnaires that Kim, Jung Taek and Shin. Dong Kyun revised the measurement of STAI(State-Trait Anxiety Inventory) of Spielberger(1972) to measure their anxiety with using physical. spiritual. and informative support of the supportive nursing intervention, and measured blood pressure. pulse and respiration by physiological response of anxiety. After then. this study analyzed the frequency and percentage by using SPSS 7.5 program, $x^2-test$, t-test and ANCOVA. The results are as follows: First hypothesis : the point of STAI of experimental group who received the supportive nursing intervention during emergency room staying will be lower than that of control group without the supportive nursing intervention(F=22.943, p=.000). Second hypothesis : the sistolic blood pressure of experimental group who received the supportive nursing intervention during emergency room staying will be lower than that of control group without the supportive nursing intervention(F=42.603. p=.000). Third hypothesis. the diastolic blood pressure of experimental group who received the supportive nursing intervention during emergency room staying will be lower than that of control group without the supportive nursing intervention(F= 18.482, p=.000). Fourth hypothesis: the pulse of experimental group who received the supportive nursing intervention during emergency room staying will be lower than that of control group without the supportive nursing intervention. Fifth hypothesis : The respiration of experimental group who received the supportive nursing intervention during emergency room staying will be lower than that of control group without the supportive nursing intervention. In the above-mentioned result. the supportive nursing intervention was considered to be useful intervention that raised the effect on patient's response of anxiety during emergency room staying.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
• /
• 제17권4호
• /
• pp.57-67
• /
• 2014

The vigor condition of trees is an important indicator for the management of urban forested area. But difficulties in how to assess the tree vigor condition still remain. Previous efforts were limited in the 1) measurement of single indicator rather than using multiple indices, 2) purpose-oriented measurement such as for air-pollution effect or specific pathological symptom, and 3) ordinal-scale evaluations by field crews 4) despite human errors based on his/her experiences or prior knowledge. Therefore, this study attempted to develop a quantitative and objective methodology for assessing tree vigor condition, by measuring multiple modules and building the profile inventory. Furthermore, the possibility and limitations were discussed in terms of schematic frames describing tree vigor condition. The vigor condition of 56 flowering cherry plants in urban park were assessed by in-situ measurements of following eight items; growth of crown(Gc), growth of shoots, individual tree volume(Vol), plant area index, woody area index, leaf area index, leaf chlorophyll content(Lc) and leaf water content(Lw). For validation, these measurements were compared with the ranks of holistic tree vigor condition, which were visually assessed using a 4-point grading scale based on the expert's knowledge. As a result, the measures of each evaluation item successfully highlighted a variety of aspects in tree vigor condition, including the states of both photosynthetic and non-photosynthetic parts. The variation in the results depending on evaluated parts was shown within an individual tree, even though the broad agreement among the results was found. The result of correlation analysis between the tested measurements and 4-point visual assessment, demonstrated that the state of water-stressed foliage of the season (Lw) or the development of plant materials since sapling phase (Vol) could be better viewed from the outer appearance of trees than other symptoms. But only based on the visual assessment, it may be difficult to detect the quality of photosynthesis (Lc) or the recent trend in growth of trees (Gc). To make this methodology simplified for the broad-scale application, the tested eight measurements could be integrated into two components by principal component analysis, which was labelled with 'the amount of plant materials' and 'vigor trend', respectively. In addition, the use of these quantitative and multi-scale indicators underlies the importance of assessing various aspects of tree vigor condition, taking into account the response(s) on different time and spatial scale of pressure(s) shown in each evaluated module. Future study should be advanced for various species at diverse developing stages and environment, and the application to wide areas at a periodic manner.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
• /
• 제38권1호
• /
• pp.37-43
• /
• 2013

TLD를 이용하여 중성자 선량을 측정할 경우, TLD는 중성자 에너지에 대한 반응도 차이가 크기 때문에 현장 중성자장의 스펙트럼 특성에 맞는 에너지 반응도 보정이 반드시 필요하다. 본 실험에는 소형으로 가공된 TLD 소자를 사용하여 $^{252}Cf$ 중성자장에 설치된 내부구조가 복잡하고 좁은 Long-Counter (중성자 검출기) 내외부에서의 중성자 주위선량당량(ambient dose equivalent)을 측정하였다. 측정결과는 입자수송해석코드(MCNPX)를 이용한 계산결과와 비교하였다. 기존의 TLD 교정 선원인 $D_2O$ 감속 $^{252}Cf$만으로 교정하여 판독한 결과값은 전산모사 계산값과 많은 차이를 보였다. 그러나 bare 및 $D_2O$ 감속 $^{252}Cf$ 선원을 사용하여 생산한 두 교정인자를 혼용한 판독값은 계산값과 비슷하였다. 결과적으로, TLD 소자는 사용 현장과 비슷한 특성을 가지는 중성자장에서 교정되어야지만 올바른 선량평가가 가능함을 확인하였다.

• 지구물리와물리탐사
• /
• 제20권2호
• /
• pp.88-95
• /
• 2017

초계분지는 그릇과 같이 주변이 모암으로 둘러싸여 있는 닫힌 분지의 형태를 갖고 있다. 이러한 닫힌 분지에서는 입사한 지진에너지가 분지 내에서 다중 반사파를 형성하며 에너지의 집중이 발생하기 쉽다. 경상남도 합천군 초계면과 적중면에 위치한 타원형의 초계분지를 대상으로 상시미동 관측 조사를 수행하였다. 상시미동 관측 자료를 주파수 영역으로 변환하고 수평 대 수직성분 스펙트럼 비를 계산하였다. 이 결과로부터 각 관측 지점에 대한 기본 공명주파수를 측정하였다. 이전 연구에서 알려진 우리나라 퇴적층에 대한 고유주기와 두께의 경험적인 상관관계를 이용하여, 기본 공명 주파수로부터 초계분지의 퇴적층 두께 분포를 결정하였다. 급한 경사를 갖는 산지로 둘러싸인 분지 외곽에 비하여, 분지 내부의 관측점에서 기본 공명주파수가 최소 1.03 Hz로 낮으며, 이에 상응하는 퇴적층이 두껍고, 그 깊이는 최대 약 100 m에 이른다. 각 관측점에서 결정한 분지 깊이를 내삽하여 초계분지의 기반암 지형에 대한 3차원 분지 모델을 작성하였다.

• 한국체육학회지인문사회과학편
• /
• 제58권1호
• /
• pp.295-308
• /
• 2019

본 연구는 청소년의 비만율이 증가하는 현 상황에서 건강신념모형을 적용하여 청소년 비만예방척도를 개발하고 선행연구에서 구축된 통합적 타당도의 틀로 분석하고 근거를 제시하고자 하였다. 이 연구에서는 Messick(1995)의 통합적 타당도, Benson(1998)의 강력한 구인타당도 프로그램 틀, Wolfe와 Smith(2007a, 2007b)가 제안한 Rasch 모형의 통합적 타당도 구현방안을 종합적으로 반영할 수 있도록 개발된 통합적 타당도 분석 틀(서은철, 2015)을 수정하여, 실제영역의 3단계를 분석하여 건강신념모형을 적용한 청소년 비만예방척도의 타당도 증거를 제시하였다. 연구대상은 서울-경기지역 12개 고등학교에서 1801명을 표집하였으며, 통합적 타당도 분석 틀의 적용을 위해 표본1에 902명(남:464명, 여:438명)과 표본2에 899명(남:464명, 여:435명)으로 무선 분류하였다. 자료처리는 SPSS 23.0과 WINSTEPS 4.30(Linacre, 2018)을 사용하였다. 연구결과 실제영역 1단계에서 개발된 청소년 비만예방척도는 5영역(민감성, 심각성, 유익성, 장애성, 건강동기) 33문항이었다. 2단계에서는 자료의 적합성(일차원성 검증, global fit statistic)을 확인, Rasch 모형의 문항적합도 검증에서 2개 문항이 삭제되었다. 3단계에서는 Rasch 부분점수모형을 적용하여 단계 조정값에 문제가 있는 3개 문항이 삭제되었다.

• 비파괴검사학회지
• /
• 제20권4호
• /
• pp.276-284
• /
• 2000

콘크리트 구조물의 노화도 평가를 위한 기초 연구로써 철근 및 무근 콘크리트 빔의 4점 굽힘 시험시 발생하는 음향방출 신호의 발생 거동을 관찰하였다. 본 연구는 미세 균열의 전개, 국부 균열의 진전, 부식, 철근의 박리 등 균열 발생 및 손상기구에 대한 AE 특성 고찰에 주안점을 두었다. 이들 각각의 손상 메카니즘을 모사하기 위해 무근 콘크리트, 노치를 가공한 무근 콘크리트, 정상적인 철근 콘크리트 그리고 부식된 철근 콘크리트 빔을 제작하였다. 손상 정도 및 펠리시티 효과(Felicity effect)를 관찰하기 위해 4점 굽힘 시험시 단계별 하중 증가 방식을 택하였다. AE 파형은 물론 AE event에 대한 발생 특성을 분석하였으며, 노화도 평가에 주요한 영향을 미치는 주요 변수들에 대해 조사하였다. AE event 발생의 누계치 및 Felicity ratio값 등은 손상의 정도에 따라 민감하게 변하는 것을 관찰하였으며, 노화도와도 상관관계가 있음을 확인하였다. 결과적으로 본 연구에서 얻은 AE 분석 기술은 철근 콘크리트 구조물의 균열이나 부식 손상과 같은 노화도 평가를 위해 적용할 수 있는 가능성을 제시하였다.

• 한국학교보건학회지
• /
• 제23권1호
• /
• pp.63-70
• /
• 2010

Purpose: To identify the need to reform in the crisis response of Health Teacher, School Nurse, in elementary school during epidemic outbreak of influenza H1N1. Methods: 139 elementary health teachers, school nurse, in seoul elementary school responded in the questionnaire, and we analysed by using frequency and percent, t-test, and paired t-test. Results: The Job status became 121% more 'during influenza H1N1 (flu) outbreak' than Job status of 'before outbreak'. The proportion of the flu-related duty among their daily workload was up to 77.5%. The administration-related workload of the flu-related duty was 30.8%. and students' health assessment including temperature measurement 18.7%. Furthermore, an impediment of usual daily work due to an increaed flu-related workload was 95.7%, and no alternative plan such as disposition of assistant labor force was 86.1%. Especially, an impediment of health education was 61.0%, so the major concern was the loss of health education. We compared average scores (a five-point Likert scale) of health teachers' work motivation, exhaustion, work relationship and Job management of 'during' with 'before' flu-outbreak. The difference range of 'during' minus 'before' work motivation score was from -0.4 points to -0.9; work exhaustion range from 1.8 to 1.9; the difficulty of relationship between students, school personnel, parents of students, and health teachers from 1.4 points to 1.3 points; and the consideration of changing Job, taking time off from the Job and retirement from 1.4 to 1.6 points. Conclusion: The health teachers had a heavy workload due to flu-outbreak. They also experienced the impediment of usual work implementation. However, there was a shortage of alternative plan such as disposition of an assistant labor force. Under their Job status like this, the health teachers' motivation score was decreased and work exhaustion was increased. Furthermore, they had a lot of relation difficulty with students and school personnel. Therefore, we suggested that in contrast to the usual Job status, there is a need to have a prepared response during school crisis like flu-outbreak such as improved response system in seoul metropolitan education office, simplification or dispersion of administrative work, and temporary call-center for simple inquiries or advices.

• Smart Structures and Systems
• /
• 제24권6호
• /
• pp.769-781
• /
• 2019

Dynamic displacement response of civil structures is an important index for in-construction and in-service structural condition assessment. However, accurately measuring the displacement of large-scale civil structures such as high-rise buildings still remains as a challenging task. In order to cope with this problem, a vision-based system with the use of industrial digital camera and image processing has been developed for long-distance, remote, and real-time monitoring of dynamic displacement of supertall structures. Instead of acquiring image signals, the proposed system traces only the coordinates of the target points, therefore enabling real-time monitoring and display of displacement responses in a relatively high sampling rate. This study addresses the in-situ experimental verification of the developed vision-based system on the Canton Tower of 600 m high. To facilitate the verification, a GPS system is used to calibrate/verify the structural displacement responses measured by the vision-based system. Meanwhile, an accelerometer deployed in the vicinity of the target point also provides frequency-domain information for comparison. Special attention has been given on understanding the influence of the surrounding light on the monitoring results. For this purpose, the experimental tests are conducted in daytime and nighttime through placing the vision-based system outside the tower (in a brilliant environment) and inside the tower (in a dark environment), respectively. The results indicate that the displacement response time histories monitored by the vision-based system not only match well with those acquired by the GPS receiver, but also have higher fidelity and are less noise-corrupted. In addition, the low-order modal frequencies of the building identified with use of the data obtained from the vision-based system are all in good agreement with those obtained from the accelerometer, the GPS receiver and an elaborate finite element model. Especially, the vision-based system placed at the bottom of the enclosed elevator shaft offers better monitoring data compared with the system placed outside the tower. Based on a wavelet filtering technique, the displacement response time histories obtained by the vision-based system are easily decomposed into two parts: a quasi-static ingredient primarily resulting from temperature variation and a dynamic component mainly caused by fluctuating wind load.