• 국제학술발표논문집
• /
• The 3th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management
• /
• pp.1364-1369
• /
• 2009

The building construction projects include a variety of risk factors due to uncertainties. To succeed in the projects, it is important how risks are managed. Risk management is composed of identification, analysis and response. Especially, the risk analysis is important to objectively calculate significance of risk factors. This paper evaluates a method to find priorities of risks using the AHP(Analytic Hierarchy Process). The method has some defects; (1) the consistency becomes weak as the number of pair-wise compared risks is large, and (2) the input and output procedures are complex when risks are added to or removed from a risk database. Thus the paper adopt the PROMETHEE(Preference Ranking Organization METHod Enrichment Evaluations) analysis process which is able to overcome the limitation of the AHP restricted to 9 risk factors. The PROMETHEE method makes the procedure of risk analysis simple, when the risk factors pull out and put in the risk database. The purpose of this study is to prove the possibility of the PROMETHEE analysis process by being compared with AHP.

• ETRI Journal
• /
• 제46권3호
• /
• pp.473-484
• /
• 2024

We introduce a machine learning-based web application to help travel agents plan a package tour schedule. K-nearest neighbor (KNN) classification predicts the optimal tourists' dwelling time based on a variety of information to automatically generate a convenient tour schedule. A database collected in collaboration with an established travel agency is fed into the KNN algorithm implemented in the Python language, and the predicted dwelling times are sent to the web application via a RESTful application programming interface provided by the Flask framework. The web application displays a page in which the agents can configure the initial data and predict the optimal dwelling time and automatically update the tour schedule. After conducting a performance evaluation by simulating a scenario on a computer running the Windows operating system, the average response time was 1.762 s, and the prediction consistency was 100% over 100 iterations.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
• /
• 제24권2호
• /
• pp.99-112
• /
• 2007

Objectives : It was to translate three neck and spinal pain disability questionnaires - the Neck Disability Index (NDI), the Neck Pain and Disability Scale (NPDS), and the Functional Rating Index (FRI) - into Korean language, and evaluate the psychometric properties of Korean versions of questionnaires to achieve a good cross-cultural adaptation. Methods : Forty (23 males, 17 females) subjects aged from 15 to 64 years old, participated to examine test-retest reliability. One hundred and eighty (76 males, 104 females) subjects with a primary diagnosis of non-specific neck pain and 81 healthy volunteers were undertaken to examine internal consistemcy, discriminative validity and longitudinal construct validity. Versions of each questionnaire in idiomatic modern Korean were developed using a procedure proposed by Beaton et al. (2000). To assess reliability, the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC $_{(2,1)}$) was calculated. Internal consistency was evaluated by Cronbach's alpha. Discriminative validity was examined with independent-group t-tests. Responsiveness was tested by calculating the effect size and standardized response mean for each questionnaire and using Pearson' s r and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. Results : Test-retest reliability ofthe translated versions of the three disability questionnaires was excellent (ICC $_{(2,1)$ = 0.86-0.90). High internal consistency was found in the three disability questionnaires (Cronbach's alpha ranged from ${\alpha}=0.88$ for the FRI to ${\alpha}=0.96$ for the NPDS and 0.82 for the Short Form McGill Pain Questionnaire(SFMPQ)). the VAS subscale of the SFMPQ was found to be the most responsive of the subscales (ES=1.44, SRM=1.37). The VAS was also the most responsive pain and disability index in internal responsiveness analysis, although disability indices showed marginally better responsiveness when compared with external standards. No floor or ceiling effects were observed. Conclusions : It is concluded that the questionnaires were successfully translated and exhibit acceptable measurement properties, and may suggest that they are suitable for use in clinical and research application.

• 한국펄프종이공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국펄프종이공학회 1999년도 추계학술발표논문집
• /
• pp.180-186
• /
• 1999

Alkaline peroxide bleaching of (chemi) mechanical pulp is a very complicated system where various process factors affect the bleaching performance and pulp properties. Traditional on-factor-at a time method is ineffective and costly in finding the optimal bleaching conditions. In this study statistical experimental methods which include three steps. I. e. screening, response surface modeling and optimization, were used to find the conditions for maximal brightness development during one stage alkaline peroxide bleaching of TMP which had an initial brightness of 54.5% Elerpho. The TMP was pretreated with EDTA(0.5% on O. D. pulp. consistency, $30^{\circ}C$ for 60 minutes) and bleached in a 2L Mark V Quantum Reactor at 750rpm, 7.5% of bleaching consistency and with 0.05% magnesium sulfate addition. The ranges of other factors studied were 1~5% hydrogen peroxide on O. D plup, 1~4% sodium hydroxide on O. D pulp and 1~4% sodium silicate on O. D pulp, reaction temperature 50~$90^{\circ}C$ and reaction time 40~180minutes. A models with good predictability was established and the maximal brightness after one stage bleaching was found to be 70% Elerpho at $50^{\circ}C$, 50 minutes 5% hydrogen peroxide on O. D. pulp 3.2~3.4% sodium hydroxide on O. D. pulp 3.2~3.4% sodium hydroxide on O. D pulp and 4% silicate on O. D pulp. However further studies on other pulp properties such as strength and brightness stability shall be carried out in order to find out the optimal bleaching conditions.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
• /
• 제14권1호
• /
• pp.64-73
• /
• 2007

The purpose of this study was to find any correlations among Postural Assessment Scale for Stroke (PASS), Modified Barthel Index (MBI), Tone Assessment Scale (TAS), Motor Assessment Scale-Gait (MAS-G), Fugl Meyer-Balance (FM-B), and to predict MBI from subscales of the PASS. The subjects were 41 stroke patients of the Korea National Rehabilitation Center in Seoul. The main outcome measures were postural control (PASS), gait (MAS-G), Balance (FM-B), Tone (TAS), ADL (MBI). The data was analyzed using the Pearson product correlation. PASS scale was used between other clinical and instrumental indexes, multiple stepwise regression analyses were performed to identify prognostic factors for ADL incline, and Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to identify internal consistency on PASS scale. The results of this study areas follows: 1. The highest level was sitting without support, the lowest level was standing on paretic leg on PASS scale. The highest level was chair/bed transfer, the lowest level was bathing on MBI. 2. All items of the PASS, except postural tone were significantly correlated with Gait, Balance, MBI (p<.01), 3. The Internal Consistency (Cronbach's alpha coefficient=.85) was very high, indicating that the PASS is homogeneous and is likely to produce consistent response. Furthermore, the sums of maintaining position items and of changing-position items were strongly correlated (r=.64, p<.05) and there were significant correlations between sums of PASS, sums of maintaining position items (r=.87, p<.01), and changing-position items (r=.93, p<.01). 4. The standing without support of the PASS items was the strongest variance ($R^2$=.85) of the predicting ADL function. These findings provide strong evidence of the predictive value of the postural control on gait, Balance, ADL function in stroke patients and to can provide a reference for the successful therapeutic program and more improved functional recovery.

• 한국작물학회지
• /
• 제34권2호
• /
• pp.155-162
• /
• 1989

수도 품질다양화를 위한 품종육종에 이용하고자 India 품종 Pokhareli Mashino에서 발견된 저 amlose opaque형질에 대한 배유의 이화학적 특성을 조사하였다. 얻어진 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. Opaque 특성을 가진 계통 CB 243은 쌀의 외관적 특성은 찰벼와 같았으나 요드용액에 대한 반응은 자청색으로 메벼와 같았다. 2. Opaque쌀의 전분형태는 찰·메벼와 차이가 없이 다각형입자이었으나 전분입의 크기는 타 품종에 비하여 현저히 작았다. 3. Opaque 쌀 전분입의 결정구조는 A형을 나타냈다. 4. Opaque쌀의 총 단백질함량은 13.06％로서 다른 품종들에 비해 약 50％정도 높았으나 아미노산 조성비율은 차이가 없었다. 5. Opaque쌀의 알카리 붕괴도는 1.7％ KOH 용액에서 1.8정도로 다른 품종에 비해 매우 낮았다. 6. Opaque쌀의 전체 수분흡수량과 흡수속도는 찰과 고 amylose계통에 비하여 적고 늦었으며 메벼 통일과 비슷하였다. 7. Opaque쌀의 amylogram 특성은 호화 개시시간이 36분, 최고점도 980BU,최저점도 500BU, Steback - 260BU, Consistency 200BU로 찰과 메의 중간값을 보였다.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
• /
• 제9권7호
• /
• pp.827-834
• /
• 2006

참여자의 수가 대규모화되고 있는 분산가상환경에서 사용자의 행위에 대한 응답성은 시스템의 만족도를 결정하는 중요한 요소 중의 하나이다. 시스템의 응답성은 서버에서 이벤트 처리 알고리즘의 효율성에 의하여 영향을 받으며 대부분의 가상환경은 이벤트 메시지를 발생순서에 따라 순차적으로 처리하는 FCFS알고리즘을 사용한다. FCFS방식은 이벤트의 우선순위는 고려하지 않고 발생시간에만 전적으로 의존함으로써 일반 이벤트 메시지의 처리로 인해 사용자의 상호작용에 의해 생성된 긴급 이벤트의 처리가 지연되어 시스템 응답성을 저하시키는 문제점을 가지고 있다. 본 연구에서는 기존의 FCFS 이벤트 처리방식의 문제점을 개선하기 위하여 이벤트에 우선순위를 부여하고 이에 기반하여 서버에서 다중 메시지의 병행 처리가 가능한 이벤트 스케줄링 알고리즘을 제안한다. 본 알고리즘은 서버에서 처리충돌을 일으키는 이벤트에 대하여 발생시간과 우선순위 정보를 상호절충하여 처리함으로써 시스템의 일관성과 응답성의 목표를 동시에 만족시키는 효과가 있다.

• 자원ㆍ환경경제연구
• /
• 제20권1호
• /
• pp.119-153
• /
• 2011

본 연구는 조건부가치측정법(CVM)의 지불의사유도 방법으로 가장 많이 적용되고 있는 양분선택형 응답자료를 활용하여 WTP 함수의 추정과 편익의 측정단계에 쟁점이 될 수 있는 경제이론적 근거, 확률분포의 가정, 확률모형의 표기, 함수형태 그리고 편익의 범위 등 분석자의 입장에서 중요한 제요소들에 대해 이론적으로 검토하고 산림보존을 위한 가치추정 자료를 사용하여 실증적으로 분석하였다. WTP 함수를 선형으로 표기하는 한, 확률효용모형과 확률지출모형은 쌍대적 접근으로 해석할 수 있었고, 또한 확률모형의 오차항의 분포를 정규분포로 하든지 로지스틱분포로 가정하든지 계수들의 추정치와 이들을 사용하여 측정된 표본 WTP도 차이가 없었다. 그러나 이중양분선택모형은 WTP 함수 추정과 편익측정 결과는 두 CV 제시금액에 대한 응답이 같은 WTP 분포로 왔다고 보기 어려워 단일양분선택형 모형이 갖는 유인일치성이 약화되었다. 나아가서 WTP를 비음의 영역으로 제한하는 WTP 함수형태의 경우 척도모수가 클 경우 표본 WTP의 평균과 중앙값이 크게 다른 것으로 나타났다.

• 대한조선학회논문집
• /
• 제33권1호
• /
• pp.98-108
• /
• 1996

일반 구조물의 신뢰성 해석에서는 한계상태 방정식이 implicit한 이유로 추출법이나 확률 유한요소법이 주로 이용되나, 이들 방법은 여러번의 구조해석 결과가 필요하므로 시간과 노력이 크게 소요된다. 반면 응답면 기법은 적은 횟수의 구조해석 결과를 이용하여 implicit한 응답면을 관심있는 영역에서 근사하는 방법으로 일반 구조물의 신뢰성 해석에 효율적으로 이용할 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 응답면 기법으로서 중심합성 계획법, Bucher-Bourgund법, 그리고 인공신경망에 의한 근사법을 이용하여 일반 구조물의 신뢰성 해석에 적용하고, 각 방법의 장단점을 비교하였다.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
• /
• 제44권3호
• /
• pp.97-102
• /
• 2019

Background: Dose rate meters are the most widely used, and perhaps one of the most important tools for the measurement of ionising radiation. They are often the first, or only, device available to a user for an instant check of radiation dose at a certain location. Throughout the world, radiation safety practices rely strongly on the output of these dose rate meters. But how well do we know the quality of their output? Materials and Methods: This review is based on the measurements 1,158 commercially available dose rate meters of 116 different makes and models. Expected versus the displayed dose patterns and consistency was checked at various dose rates between $5{\mu}Gy{\cdot}h^{-1}$ and $2mGy{\cdot}h^{-1}$. Samples of these meters were then selected for further investigation and were exposed to radiation sources covering photon energies from 50 keV to 1.5 MeV. The effect of detector orientation on its reading was also investigated. Rather than focusing on the angular response distribution that is often reported by the manufacturer of the device, this study focussed on the design ergonomics i.e. the angles that the operator will realistically use to measure a dose rate. Results and Discussion: This review shows the scope and boundaries of the ionising radiation dose rate estimations that are made using commonly available meters. Observations showed both inter and intra make and model variations, occasional cases of instrument failure, instrument walk away, and erroneous response. Conclusion: The results indicate the significance of selecting and maintaining suitable monitors for specific applications in radiation safety.