• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제46권5호
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• pp.599-609
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• 2020

Objectives: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) first emerged in December 2019 in Wuhan, China, and has rapidly become a global pandemic with over 26.4 million confirmed cases and approximately 871,000 fatalities worldwide as of this writing. In the Republic of Korea, disease clusters frequently occurred in long-term care hospitals where the majority of residents are elderly with underlying medical conditions. Despite the fact that public health authorities and local community health centers have put tremendous efforts into preventing the spread of disease, positive cases have continued to occur. Thus, the Korea Centers for Disease Control & Prevention rapid response team decided to conduct an environmental investigation of a long-term care hospital to identify whether environmental contamination has remained and contributed to the spread of COVID-19. Methods: An environmental investigation was conducted at Hospital A. The characteristics of the facility and its HVAC system were assessed by checking the layout and interviewing the people in charge. A total of 64 surface samples were collected from areas of concern, including patient rooms, toilets, elevators, and nurses' station. These samples were tested by a regional health and environmental research institute using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Results: All samples from Hospital A were confirmed to be negative. Through interviews with high-level personnel at the regional community health center, we found that extensive disinfection is frequently performed on potentially contaminated areas in Hospital A in accordance with government guidelines. Conclusion: The environmental control measures implemented in Hospital A had been sufficient for mitigating the risk of further infection, suggesting that such measures may also be effective for other long-term health care facilities.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.176-183
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• 2018

기후변화, 급속한 도시화, 인구집중 및 SOC 시설물 구축 등으로 우리나라를 비롯한 전 세계 재난 재해 발생빈도와 피해규모는 점차 대형화, 복잡화 되는 추세이다. 특히 최근에는 자연재난, 인위재난 및 사회적 재난 등이 복합적으로 연계되어 발생하는 대형복합재난 발생이 국내외적으로 증가하고 있으며 인명피해 및 재산피해도 급속도로 늘어나고 있는 상황이다. 국내에서는 국가 R&D 및 정보화 사업을 통해 지진, 풍수해, 태풍, 대설, 가뭄 등 개별 자연재난에 대한 피해예측 및 대응기술개발에 많은 진전이 있었으나, 대형복합재난의 효율적 대응 및 관리를 위한 제도적 기반은 크게 미흡한 실정이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 기존 자연 및 사회재난의 대표적 사례와 관련 재난별 국내 재난대응관리시스템 사례를 조사 분석하여 시사점을 제시하고, 복합재난 관리정책을 위한 법제도 개선 및 대응매뉴얼 보완방안을 제안하며, 효율적 대응을 위한 통합지휘체계로 의 전환추진 및 부처/부서간 협력체계 구축과 재난대응역량 향상을 위한 교육 및 훈련체계 강화방안을 제시한다.

• 대한공간정보학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.13-20
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• 2012

본 연구의 목적은 유역 하천망의 발달에 따른 수문응답함수의 변화양상 분석에 있다. 이를 위한 대상유역은 보청천의 탄부수위표를 출구로 하는 소유역을 선정하였다. 적용된 하천망은 Strhler 차수분류법에 의해 구성된 하천망과 유역 내 모든 격자가 하천 또는 지표면으로 구성된 경우로 총 10가지로 구성하였다. 각각의 경우에 대해 대상유역 내 모든 격자의 지표면과 하천 배수경로 길이를 산정하였으며 Nash 모형을 이용하여 수문응답함수를 결정하였다. 분석결과 하천망이 발달함에 따라 수문응답함수의 첨두유량은 크게 나타나며, 첨두시간은 작아지는 양상을 보였다. 또한 응답함수의 통계적 특성을 살펴 본 결과 하천망의 발달에 따라 유하시간의 평균(지체시간)과 분산이 지수적으로 감소함을 알 수 있었다.

• Ocean Systems Engineering
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.349-365
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• 2023

Targeting a floating wave and offshore wind hybrid power generation system (FWWHybrid) designed in the Republic of Korea, this study examines the impact of the interaction, with multiple wave energy converters (WECs) placed on the platform, on platform motion. To investigate how the motion of WECs affects the behavior of the FWWHybrid platform, it was numerically compared with a scenario involving a 'single-body' system, where multiple WECs are constrained to the platform. In the case of FWWHybrid, because the platform and multiple WECs move in response to waves simultaneously as a 'multi-body' system, hydrodynamic interactions between these entities come into play. Additionally, the power take-off (PTO) mechanism between the platform and individual WECs is introduced for power production. First, the hydrostatic/dynamic coefficients required for numerical analysis were calculated in the frequency domain and then used in the time domain analysis. These simulations are performed using the extended HARP/CHARM3D code developed from previous studies. By conducting regular wave simulations, the response amplitude operator (RAO) for the platform of both single-body and multi-body scenarios was derived and subsequently compared. Next, to ascertain the difference in response in the real sea environment, this study also includes an analysis of irregular waves. As the floating body maintains its position through connection to a catenary mooring line, the impact of the slowly varying wave drift load cannot be disregarded. To assess the influence of the 2^nd-order wave exciting load, irregular wave simulations were conducted, dividing them into cases where it was not considered and cases where it was included. The analysis of multi-degree-of-freedom behavior confirmed that the action of multiple WECs had a substantial impact on the platform's response.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제57권1호
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• pp.25-33
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• 2008

This paper presents a new approach of a evaluation of location marginal prices(LMPs) considering demand response resources in the competitive electricity market. The stabilization of the electric power supply and demand balance has been one of the major important activities in electric power industry. Recently, much attention is paid to the demand-side resources which are responsive to incentives or time-varying prices and existing power system planning and operation activities are incorporated with the so-called demand response resources. In this paper, we first present an analytical method for calculation of LMPs considering demand response resources and then break down the LMPs into three components. In this study, we assume that Korean power system consists of two major regions, one which is the metropolitan and the other is non-metropolitan region. In the case study, we have considered several LMPs cases with different use of locational demand response resource and we can obtain a locational signal to demand response resources. Also, the economics of demand response resources are evaluated, compared with the increase of transmission line capacity and of generation capacity.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.629-638
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• 1997

연구배경 : 객혈의 치료 방법으로 다양한 내과적 보존적 치료와 동맥색전술이 사용되어지고 있다. 응급수술시 높은 사망율과 수술후 동반되는 폐의 기능적 또는 구조적 장애 등으로 수술적 치료가 어려운 경우 동맥색전술은의 유용성은 밝혀져 있다. 그러나 동맥색전술후 즉각적인 지혈의 효과는 높으나 객혈이 재발되는 등의 문제점이 남아있으며 객혈의 양이 적은 경우에 동맥색전술의 즉시효과와 재발에 대하여는 잘 알려져있지 않다. 방 법 : 소량의 객혈 환자를 대상으로 동맥색전술을 시행하였던 군과 보존적 치료를 시행하였던 군을 장기간 관찰함으로서 객혈환자에서 동맥색전술과 보존적 치료 간의 유용성을 비교 연구하였다. 결 과 : 객혈의 양은 동맥색전술을 시행한 군과 보존적 치료를 시행한 군에 있어서 하루에 100ml 미만인 경우는 19예(44%)와 13예(59%), 100~400ml인 경우는 24예(56%)와 9예(41%)로서 동맥색전술을 시행한 군에서 많았으나 양군간의 차이는 없었다(p > 0.05, p > 0.05). 즉시효과는 동맥색전술을 시행한 군 43예 중 43예(100%)로 보존적 치료를 시행한 군 22예중 17예(77%)보다 높았다(p < 0.001). 평균 무병기간은 동맥색전술을 시행한 군과 보존적 시행한 군에서 $19.5{\pm}8.06$개월과 $18.8{\pm}6.06$개월로 양군간에 차이를 보이지 않았다(p > 0.05). 동맥색전술을 시행한 군과 보존적 치료를 시행한 군에서 치료반응을 보인 경우는 36예(82%)와 21예(95%)로 양군간에 차이는 없었다(p > 0.05). 객혈의 양에 따른 치료반응은 100ml 미만인 경우 29예(91%), 100~400ml인 경우 28예(85%)로 양군간에 차이를 보이지 않았다(p>0.05). 객혈의 양상에 따른 치료반은은 간헐적 객혈군에서 20/23예(87%)였으며 비간헐적 객혈군에서 37/42예(88%)로 양군간에 차이를 보이지 않았다(p>0.05). 결 론 : 소량의 객혈 환자에서 즉시효과는 동맥색전술을 시행한 군에서 높았으나 장가간에 걸친 치료반응(완전관해 및 부분관해)에 있어 양군간의 유의한 차이는 없었다.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.237-242
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• 2006

목 적: 국소적으로 진행된 비소세포성 폐암에서 예후영향인자를 찾기 위하여 근치적 방사선 치료에 대한 성적을 후향적으로 평가하였다. 대상 및 방법: $1991{\sim}2002$년에 걸쳐 본원에서 방사선치료를 받은 stage IIIB 비소세포성 폐암 환자 216명의 의무기록을 후향적으로 분석하였다. 완전관해와 부분관해를 반응군(response group), 불변 및 진행성질환을 무반응군(non-response group)으로 묶어 분류하였다. 결 과: 근치목적의 방사선치료를 시행한 총 140명의 환자 중 방사선단독치료를 받은 환자는 68명, 항암화학제와 병용요법을 시행한 환자는 72명이었다. 계획된 방사선치료가 완료된 것은 단독에서는 30예, 병용요법에서는 39예였다. 중앙생존기간은 방사선 단독치료군에서는 4.6개월, 병용요법군에서는 9.9개월이었다. 1년, 2년 및 3년 생존율이 방사선 단독치료군에서는 13.3%, 3.3%, 0%였으며, 항암화학제 병용요법군에서는 각각 35.9%, 20.5%, 15.4%였다(p<0.001). 반응군에서 방사선 단독으로 치료한 환자는 중앙생존기간 7.2개월, 항암화학제 병용치료환자는 16.5개월이었고, 무반응군에서 단독치료 환자는 4.4개월, 병용치료환자는 6.7개월이었다(p=0.001). 치료반응과 항암화학요법의 병용이 전체생존율에 영향을 주었다(p<0.001). Grade 3 이상의 심한 합병증은 방사선 단독요법에서 2예(6.7%), 항암화학 병용요법에서 7예(17.9%)였다. 결 론: Stage IIIB 비소세포성 폐암에서 방사선치료와 더불어 항암화학치료를 병용했을 때, 방사선단독요법에 비해 치료반응률과 생존율이 더 높았다.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.199-206
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• 2001

Background: The lumbar sympathetic ganglia are variable in both position and numbers. The aim of this study was to detect the appropriate lumbar vertebral level where the lumbar sympathetic ganglia primarily aggregate. Methods: Forty patients comprising of hyperhidrosis (26 cases), complex regional pain syndrome (10 cases), peripheral artery occlusion disease (3 cases) and postherpetic neuralgia (1 case) underwent lumbar sympathetic block. We randomly selected one of two (L2 or L3) levels and the L4 level. The position of the needle tip and distribution of dye was verified by injection of a mixture of radio-opaque dye (1.5 ml) and 4% lidocaine (1.5 ml) and subsequently confirmed by L-spine anteroposterior and a lateral view X-ray. We considered the response positive when the skin temperature increased more than $1^{\circ}C$ in 5 min. Results: In general, the positive response ratio was greater when the needle tip located at the L2 or L4 level vice L3 and when the drug was distributed on the lower half of the L4 body and in the L4/5 intervertebral disc space. In a right side block, the positive response ratio was greater when the drug was distributed on the lower half of the L4 body and in the L4/5 intervertebral disc space, although in a left side block there was no significant difference seen between the levels. The complications of the neurolytic block were alcohol neuritis (7.5%) and hypoesthesia (5%) on the L1 or L2 dermatome. Conclusions: The best effect with least chance of complication may be induced by spreading the drug on the lower half of the L4 body and/or into the L4/5 intervertebral disc space by placing the needle tip on the L4 body.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.419-422
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• 2014

Background: Lymphadenopathy is a common presentation in both benign and malignant diseases which need to be diagnosed without delay. Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) helps us diagnose a disease and follow its course, including the response to therapy. Aim: This study aimed to analyze the clinicopathological features of metastatic lymphadenopathy and the diagnostic utility of FNAC in our setting. Materials and Methods: This two-year prospective study included all the patients with metastatic lymphadenopathy, diagnosed with FNAC. Results: A total of 412 cases (male:female ratio, 1.3:1; age range, 3 to 90 years) were studied. Supraclavicular lymph nodes were involved most commonly (50.5%). The commonest metastatic tumor was squamous cell carcinoma in general (30.1%) and in males (37.6%), and infiltrating ductal carcinoma (25.3%) in females. Lung, with 64 (15.5%) cases followed by esophagus, 60 (14.6%) cases; breast, 49 (11.9%) cases; skin, 32 (7.8%) cases; and stomach, 25 (6.1%) cases were the most common primary sites of malignancy. In 69 patients, excision biopsy was performed. Histopathological findings correlated well with that of cytology in all these cases. Conclusions: FNAC is an important tool in the diagnostic work up of metastatic lymphadenopathy, which in the hands of an experienced and skilful cytopathologist can avoid the need for excision biopsy.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.169-174
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• 2000

The immune response of Bee Venom Therapy is commonly appear in clinics. It is whole body delayed allergy type and generally like fatigue. Therefore, in order to analysis the clinical form, we have observed immune response of 100 patients who visited Sangji University Oriental Medical Hospital and treated Bee Venom Therapy over 10 times from November 1998 to October 1999. The results were summarized as follows. 1. The distribution of Sex was 60 females, 40 males, and the average of patients age was $50.6{\pm}1.5years$. 2. The distribution of disease was degenerative arthritis, HIVD of L-spine, RA, etc. 3. The total treated time is 2765 and is observed 361 immume responses. 4. The average of keeping time in immume response is $11.8{\pm}0.6(hr)$, and the cases of over 24hrs is occupied 24.0%. 5. In the correlation between treated times and immume response is generally in inverse proportion. 6. The general aspect of immume response is chilling, heating, powerless, headache, dizziness, etc. 7. $M{\ddot{u}}ller$ Grade II-III was observed only 1%.