• 한국의류학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.109-116
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• 1989

Korean clothings are admired for their beauty and traditional value. On the other hand, many of Korean women complain of chest restriction. Korean skirts may give high garment pressure to the wearers because the Korean skirt-band do not resolve physical tensions in size or in stretch. This paper aims at the identification of the garment pressure caused by the Korean skirt-band and the cardiopulmonary change caused by garment pressure. The Korean skirt-band were made in 3 kinds of size, and 21 women were selected for wearing test. The garment pressure was measured in front, side, and back parts of the body. The measured cardiopulmonary parameters were vital capacity, respiratory rate, heart rate, and blood pressure. The results were as follows: 1. The smaller the size of the Korean skirt-band, the greater the garment pressure. The pressure during inspiration was significantly greater than the pressure during expiration. 2. The pressure in side part was the greatest of the three measurements and the pressure in back part was the smallest. 3. The small size of the Korean skirt-band revealed low vital capcity and great respiratory rate. 4. As the small size grement was dressed, the respiratory rate and the heart rate during walking and rest after walking were significantly high. 5. Subjects felt uncomfortable when they wore small sized garment.

• 국제학술발표논문집
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• The 8th International Conference on Construction Engineering and Project Management
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• pp.257-264
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• 2020

Objective: To investigate test-retest reliability and responsiveness of Equivital Lifemonitor and photoplethysmography based wristwatch tools in assessing physiological parameters during a simulated fatigue task. Methods: Ten university students (Mean age, 30.6 ± 1.7 years) participated in this pilot study. Participants were asked to perform a 30-minute of a simulated fatigue task in an experimental setup in a lab. The physiological parameters (e.g., heart rate, heart rate variability, respiratory rate, electrodermal activity, and skin temperature) were measured at baseline and immediately after the fatigue task. An intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC2,1) was used to evaluate the test-retest reliability of each tool in assessing physiological measures. In addition, the responsiveness of each tool to measure changes from baseline to posttest was calculated using a standardized response mean. Results: The Equivital Lifemonitor has shown good to excellent test-retest reliability for the assessment of heart rate (ICC, 0.97), heart rate variability (ICC, 0.86), respiratory rate (ICC, 0.77), and local skin temperature (ICC, 0.76). However, photoplethysmography based wristwatch showed moderate to good test-retest reliability for the assessment of heart rate (ICC, 0.71), heart rate variability (ICC, 0.73), electrodermal activity (ICC, 0.80), and skin temperature (ICC, 0.72). A large standardized response mean (>0.8) indicates that both tools can capture the changes in heart rate, heart rate variability, respiratory rate, skin temperature, and electrodermal activity after a 30-minute of fatigue task. Conclusions: The Equivital Lifemonitor and photoplethysmography based wristwatch devices are reliable in measuring physiological parameters after the fatigue task. Additionally, both devices can capture the fatigue response after a simulated construction task. Future field studies with a larger sample should investigate the sensitivity and validity of these tools in measuring physiological parameters for fatigue assessment at construction sites.

• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.242-247
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• 2010

Controlling inappropriate antibiotics prescribing for acute upper respiratory infections(URI) is a very important for prudent use of antibiotics and resistance control. Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service (HIRA) introduced Prescribing Evaluation Program and publicly reported antibiotics prescribing rate for URI of each health institution. We performed segmented regression analysis of interrupted time series to estimate the effect of public report on antibiotics prescribing rate using national health insurance claims data. The results indicate that just before the public report period, clinics' monthly antibiotics prescribing rate for URI was 66.7%. Right after the public report, the estimated antibiotics prescribing rate dropped abruptly by 12.3%p. There was no significant changes in month-to-month trend in the prescribing rate before and after the intervention.

• 대한방사선치료학회지
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• 제33권
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• pp.25-33
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• 2021

목 적 : 본 연구를 통해 호흡동조방사선치료(Respiratory Gated Radiation Therapy, RGRT)시 환자 호흡 속도에 따른 Trigger mode의 정확성과 유용성을 평가하고자 한다. 대상 및 방법 : 호흡 속도에 따른 Trigger mode의 정확성을 평가하기 위해 QUASAR^TM 호흡 움직임 팬텀에 3 mm의 기준 표지자(Fiducial marker, gold marker)를 삽입하여 본원 한달 동안 환자의 평균 호흡인 20 bpm(Breath per minute)을 기준으로 4DCT 촬영 후 정중앙(Median)에 위치한 표지자에 윤곽 묘사(Contouring)를 하였다. OBI(On Board Imager)가 장착된 Truebeam STx^TM를 이용해 방사선조사 구간인 Gating window를 Lower threshold는 2.0 mm로 모든 측정 조건에서 고정시키고, Upper threshold를 최고 위상으로부터 각각 1.0 mm, 1.5 mm, 2.0 mm, 2.5 mm, 3.0 mm로 바꿔가며 측정하였다. 위와 같은 조건에서 평균 호흡 속도인 20 bpm을 기준으로 10 bpm, 30 bpm, 40 bpm, 50 bpm, 60 bpm 호흡속도를 바꿔가며 방사선이 끊기는 순간인 'Once at beam off'로 5회 촬영하였다. 같은 방법으로 3일간 반복 촬영 후 각 속도 별 오차율을 비교하였다. 결 과 : 기준 호흡 속도 20 bpm에서 최고 위상으로부터 각각 1.0 mm, 1.5 mm, 2.0 mm, 2.5 mm, 3.0 mm Upper threshold에서 Trigger mode의 beam off시 차이는 3일간의 평균값으로 0.68±0.05 mm, 0.91±0.03 mm, 1.23±0.03 mm, 1.42±0.04 mm, 1.66±0.06 mm이다. 기준 호흡 속도(20 bpm)대비 호흡 속도 변화에 따른 측정 결과는 최대 절대차이(Absolute Difference)의 경우 1일차, 2일차, 3일차 모두 3 mm Upper threshold에서 평균 0.81±0.08 mm로 차이가 확인되었다. 호흡 속도와 절대차이의 편차(Variation)에 대한 상관관계를 평가하기 위한 결정계수 R2는 3일 평균 수치로 각각 0.838, 0.887, 0.770, 0.850, 0.906로 확인되었다. 3일간의 Threshold 모든 변수에서 p-value는 설정 유의수준 0.05 이하로 차이유의를 확인하였다. 결 론 : 호흡동조방사선치료 시 Trigger mode를 이용하여 영상유도를 할 경우 기준 호흡 속도(20 bpm)에서의 Trigger mode의 오차율이 평균 ±0.04 mm 값으로 정확성과 유용성을 확인 할 수 있었다. 그러나 호흡 속도에 따른 부정확성(Uncertainty) 또한 발생할 수 있다는 것을 알 수 있었으며, 특히, 기준 호흡 속도 대비 느려지는 경우(< 20 bpm)보다 빨라지는 경우(> 20 bpm) 영상획득에 대한 부정확성은 커졌다. 따라서 사전 모의치료시의 호흡을 선별하고 호흡을 유지하기 위한 호흡교육과 치료 중 적극적인 실시간 모니터링(Monitoring)이 필요하다고 사료된다.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제35권5호
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• pp.371-381
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• 2016

Objective:This study aims to evaluate the features of heart rate variability (HRV) and respiratory signals as indices for a driver's drowsiness and waking status in order to develop the classification model for a driver's drowsiness and waking status using those features. Background: Driver's drowsiness is one of the major causal factors for traffic accidents. This study hypothesized that the application of combined bio-signals to monitor the alertness level of drivers would improve the effectiveness of the classification techniques of driver's drowsiness. Method: The features of three heart rate variability (HRV) measurements including low frequency (LF), high frequency (HF), and LF/HF ratio and two respiratory measurements including peak and rate were acquired by the monotonous car driving simulation experiments using the photoplethysmogram (PPG) and respiration sensors. The experiments were repeated a total of 50 times on five healthy male participants in their 20s to 50s. The classification model was developed by selecting the optimal measurements, applying a binary logistic regression method and performing 3-fold cross validation. Results: The power of LF, HF, and LF/HF ratio, and the respiration peak of drowsiness status were reduced by 38%, 22%, 31%, and 7%, compared to those of waking status, while respiration rate was increased by 3%. The classification sensitivity of the model using both HRV and respiratory features (91.4%) was improved, compared to that of the model using only HRV feature (89.8%) and that using only respiratory feature (83.6%). Conclusion: This study suggests that the classification of driver's drowsiness and waking status may be improved by utilizing a combination of HRV and respiratory features. Application: The results of this study can be applied to the development of driver's drowsiness prevention systems.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.350-362
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• 1999

연구배경: 침습적 기계 호흡 이탈에 성공하여 기관내 관을 제거하였으나 48시간 이내에 급성 호흡 부전이 경우 또는 환자 스스로 기관내 관을 제거한 후 발생된 급성 호흡 부전은 이탈 실패의 중요한 원인이며, 발생시 기관내 관의 재삽관을 통한 호흡 보조가 표준적 치료이다. 비침습적 양압 환기법(noninvasive positive pressure ventilation이하 NIPPV)은 비 혹은 안면마스크를 통해 양압 환기를 시행하므로 기관내 삽관을 회피할 수 있다. 본 연구는 기계 호흡 이탈 후 기관내 관을 제거한 환자들에게 발생된 급성 호흡 부전 시 NIPPV 적용이 기관내 삽관을 통한 양압 환기 치료를 대체할 수 있는지를 알아보고자 하였다. 방 법: 대상은 아산 재단 서울 중앙병원 내과계 중환자실에 입원하여 기계적 환기 치료를 받고 이탈 과정에서 기관내 관 제거 후 48시간 이내에 급성 호흡 부전이 발생한 환자 21명 및 스스로 기관내 관을 제거한 후 급성 호흡 부전이 발생한 환자 7명과 기관내 관이 기도내 분비물로 막혀 기관내 관을 제거한 환자 2명등 총 31명에게 NIPPV를 적용하였다. NIPPV는 환자 상태에 따라 기계 환기 양식, 압력 보조 수준 및 흡입 산소의 양이 조절 되어졌으며, 압력 보조 8cm $H_2O$미만에서 임상적으로 안정된 상태를 유지하는 경우 완전히 NIPPV에서 이탈하였다. 성공군은 NIPPV 이탈후 48 시간 이상 자발 호흡을 유지한 경우로 정의하였고, 실패군은 NIPPV 시행 후 호흡 부전 소견이나 동맥혈 가스검사의 호전이 없어 다시 기관내 삽관을 시행하여 기계호흡을 시행한 환자로 정의하였다. 각 군에서 NIPPV적용 직전, 적용 후 30분, 6시간, 24시간, NIPPV 이탈 작전 또는 실패하여 기관내 재삽관으로 전환 직전의 심박동수, 분당 호흡수, 동맥혈 가스검사, 압력 보조 수준 및 호기말 양압등을 비교하였다. 결 과: 총 31명에서 NIPPV를 적용하였고, 이 중 성공군은 14명(45%)이었다. 성공군과 실패군을 비교 시 나이, 중환자실 입원 당시의 APACHE III 점수, 기관 내 삽관 기간, 기관내 관 제거 후 NIPPV적용시까지의 시간 및 NIPPV 시행 직전의 분당 호흡수, 심박동수, 동맥혈 가스검사, $PaO_2/FiO_2$ 등은 양군간에 유의한 차이가 없었다. 모든 환자에서 NIPPV적용 30분후부터 분당 호흡수 및 심박동수는 감소하였고 동맥혈 산소 포화도는 증가하였다.(p<0.05) 그러나, 실패군에서는 NIPPV 시행중에 상태가 악화되어 기관내 재삽관을 시행하였고, 재삽관 작전의 분당 호흡수 및 심박동수는 다시 증가하였으며 동맥혈 산소포화도는 감소하였다(p<0.05). 기저 질환이 COPD 이면서 기관내 관 제거 후 급성 호흡부전이 발생한 환자 8명에게 NIPPV 적용 시 COPD가 아닌 다른 환자들에 비해 NIPPV의 성공률이 의미 있게 높았다(62% 대 39%)(p=0.007). NIPPV를 이용한 이탈 시 실패의 원인으로는 기저 질환의 악화 없이 동맥혈 가스 소견이 악화되었던 예가 9예, 그 외 기저 질환 악화 5예, 마스크 부적응이 2예, 기도내 분비물 축적이 1예였다. 결 론: NIPPV는 침습적 기계 호흡이탈과정에서 특히 기저질환이 COPD인 환자들의 경우 기관내 관 제거 후 발생한 급성 호흡 부전 시 기관내 관의 재삽관을 피할 수 있는 유용한 치료적인 방법으로 사료된다.

• 대한방사선치료학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.123-135
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• 2012

목 적: 비소세포성 폐암 환자의 호흡 조절 방사선 치료 시 호흡에 의한 종양의 움직임을 최소화하는 것이 필수적이다. 이에 본 연구에서는 자유호흡 주기와 제한호흡 주기를 각각 적용한 치료 계획을 비교, 분석하여 제한 호흡 주기의 유용성을 평가하고자 한다. 대상 및 방법: 2011년 4월부터 12월까지 비소세포성 폐암 환자 9명(tumor n=10)을 대상으로 환자에게 평소의 호흡주기를 바탕으로 측정한 '자유호흡 주기'와 의도적으로 줄인 '제한호흡 주기'를 '신호모니터-호흡(guided-breathing)'법을 사용하여 각각 훈련을 실시한 후 RPM과 4차원 전산화 단층촬영 모의치료기를 이용해 치료계획용 4D CT를 실시하여 총 10개의 호흡 위상(respiration phase)별 CT 영상을 획득하였다. 각 호흡 주기의 CT 영상에 관측자 두 명이 각각 설정한 육안적 종양체적(Gross Tumor Volume, GTV)과 내부표적체적(Internal Target Volume, ITV)부피를 측정, 비교하였고 들숨(end-inspiration, EI)인 0%와 날숨(end-exhalation, EE)인 50% 위상에서의 center of mass (COM)를 측정하여 종양 움직임의 진폭을 측정했다. 또한 관측자 두명이 각각 두 호흡 주기를 적용한 치료계획을 수립하였고 정상 폐 평균선량(mean dose to normal lung, MDTNL)과 정상 폐 용적의 정상조직합병증확률(normal tissue complication probability, NTCP)을 비교, 분석하였으며 측정된 자료의 정량적 평가를 위해 통계 분석을 실시했다. 결 과: 관측자 두 명의 '제한호흡 주기'를 적용한 치료 계획을 분석한 결과 '자유호흡 주기'에 비해 종양의 3D 방향 움직임이 관측자 1의 경우 38.75%, 관측자 2의 경우 41.10%의 감소율을 보였고 GTV와 ITV의 부피를 측정, 비교한 결과 GTV의 부피는 관측자 1의 경우 $14.96{\pm}9.44%$, 관측자 2의 경우 $19.86{\pm}10.62%$, ITV의 부피는 관측자 1의 경우 $8.91{\pm}5.91%$, 관측자 2의 경우 $15.52{\pm}9.01%$의 감소율을 보였으며 MDTNL과 NTCP를 분석, 비교한 결과 MDTNL은 관측자 1의 경우 $3.98{\pm}5.62%$, 관측자 2의 경우 $7.62{\pm}10.29%$의 감소율을, NTCP의 경우 관측자 1의 결과 $21.70{\pm}28.27%$, 관측자 2의 결과 $37.83{\pm}49.93%$의 감소율을 나타냈다. 또한 두 관측자의 결과 값의 상관관계를 분석한 결과 '자유호흡 주기'에서는 관측자간의 유의한 차이를 보이는 데 비해 '제한호흡 주기'에서는 관측자간의 차이가 없는 감소율을 보였다. 결 론: '자유호흡 주기'에 비해 '제한호흡 주기'를 적용한 치료 계획에서 평가인자들의 상대적인 감소를 나타내어 비소세포성 폐암 환자의 호흡 조절 방사선 치료 시 '제한호흡 주기'의 유용성 및 타당성을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.407-414
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• 1990

This study was performed to evaluate the effects of doxapram after succinylcholine treatment. Succinylcholine was administered intravenously at a dose rate of 0.07 mg per kg of body weight and then ten minutes after the injection of succinylcholine doxapram was administered intravenously at a dose rate of 2 mg per kg of body weight. The results obtained were as follows : 1. Recovery time in dog given doxapram after succinylcholine treatment was shortened comparing with control group. 2. The changes in respiratory rate revealed a maximal increase immediately after the injection of doxapram. Thereafter respiratory rate gradually decreased, and revealed normal levels 20 minutes after the injection of doxapram. 3. The changes in heart rate revealed a maximal increase immediately after the injection of doxapram. Thereafter heart rate gradually decreased, but remained above the levels of control group. 4. Although arrhysthmias were observed after treatment of succinylcholine, these were disappeared after doxapram treatment. And there was no another change on electrocardiograms.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.93-101
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• 2000

This study was carried out to investigate the epidemiological prevalence of diseases from birth to weaning in 268 Koeran native calves which was delivered from three stock farm in Chonbuk area. We examined body weight gain, incidence rate of diseases and mortality rate in relation to age, season, environmental temperature and rearing management conditions for one year. The results of this experiment were as follows: Birth weight and body weight gain of Korean native calves born of primiparae were lower than those of multiparae. Body weight gain of diseased calves was lower than normal calves. Of 268 delivered calves, 242 calves(90.3%) were affected with gastronistestinal and/or respiratory diseases. The prevalence of the diseases were gastronitestinal disease(54.1%), gastronitestinal and respiratory disease(21.6%), and respiratory disease(14.5%). Of 242 diseased calves, 33 calves(13.6%) were occurred gastronitestinal disease and respiratory disease at different time respectively. Of 268 delivered calves, 126 calves were died(47%). The prevalence of the death were gastronitestinal disease(31.4%), gastronitestinal and respiratory disease(14.5%), and respiratory disease(1.1%). 81% of the diseases and 76.2% of the death were occurred in winter and a change of season(December to May). 59.1% of the diseases and 52.4% of the death were occurred at atmospheric temperatures below 1$0^{\circ}C$. 91.7% of the diseased calves and 96.8% of the dead calves were born of primiparae. 77.2% of the gastronitestinal disease were occurred within 2 weeks old, and the incidence was decreased with increasing age. Whereas the incidence of respiratory disease was incidence with ageing, and 69.2% of the respiratory disease were occurred between 2 weeks and 5 weeks old. And 62% of the gastronitestinal and respiratory disease wre occurred between 1 week and 3 weeks old. 65.1% of the dead calves were died within 2 weeks old. The morbidity and population mortality rate in each farm stock were 56.5%-104.9%, and 14.5%-64.2%, respectively.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.1661-1675
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• 2016

Objectives: Can addition of neurokinin-1 receptor antagonists (NK1-RAs) be considered as an ideal strategy for the prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV)? Researchers differ on this question. Materials and Methods: Electronic databases were searched for randomized control trials (RCTs) that evaluated the effectiveness and safety of NK1-RAs in preventing CINV. The primary end point was complete response (CR) in the acute, delayed, and overall phases after chemotherapy. Subgroup analyses evaluated the types of NK1-RAs, routines of administration, types of malignancies, regimens used in combination with NK1-RAs, and age of patients included in the studies. The incidences of different types of adverse events were also extracted to estimate the safety of NK1-RAs. Results: A total of 38 RCTs involving 13,923 patients were identified. The CR rate of patients receiving NK-RAs was significantly higher than patients in the control groups during overall phase (70.8% vs 56.0%, P<0.001), acute phase (85.1% vs 79.6%, P<0.001), and delayed phase (71.4% vs 58.2%, P<0.001). There were three studies including patients of children or adolescents, the CR rate was also significantly higher in the treatment group (overall phase: OR=2.807, P<0.001; acute phase: OR=2.863, P =0.012; delayed phase: OR=2.417, P<0.001). For all the other outcomes, patients in the NK1-RAs groups showed improvements compared to the control groups (incidence of nausea: 45.2% vs 45.9%, P<0.001; occurrence of vomiting: 22.6% vs 38.9%, P<0.001; usage of rescue drugs: 23.5% vs 34.1%, P<0.001). The pooled side effects from NK1-RAs did not significantly differ from previous reports and the toxicity rates in patients less than eighteen years old also did not diff between the two groups (P=0.497). However, we found that constipation and insomnia were more common in the patients of control groups, whereas diarrhea and hiccups were more frequently detected in patients receiving NK1-RAs. Conclusions: NK1-RAs improved the CR rate of CINV. They are effective for both adults and children. The use of NK1-RAs might be associated with the appearance of diarrhea and hiccups, while decreasing the possibility of constipation and insomnia.