• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제12권10호
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• pp.577-585
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• 2014

레몬 오일의 향장효과와 각성효과는 미용분야와 심리치료분야에서 폭넓게 증명되어 왔다. 그러나 레몬 오일의 항천식과 항염증에 대한 고유한 효과에 대해 입증된 바는 드물다. 이 논문은 OVA로 유도된 천식 생쥐 모델에서 항천식 및 항염증 효과에 대해 증명하고자 수행되었다. OVA로 유도된 천식 생쥐 모델을 정상군, 대조군, 양성대조군 그리고 실험군으로 구성된 4집단으로 분류하였다. 0.3%의 레몬오일을 실험군에 3주간, 1주에 3회, 1회 30분간 흡입시켰다. 최초 실험일로부터 6주 후 기도 과민성의 정도, 혈액학적 변화, 혈청 내 사이토카인의 변화, 기도조직의 변화를 평가하였다. 실험 결과 레몬 오일은 효과적으로 기도과민성 억제 및 호산구의 세포증식 억제, IgE의 생성 억제를 통하여 기도의 염증 반응 및 과민반응을 유의성 있게 억제하는 것으로 확인되었다.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.324-330
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• 2011

Broussonetia papyrifera and Lonicera japonica have long been used in the treatment of inflammatory disorders, especially respiratory inflammation, in Chinese medicine. Previously, phytoformula (BL) containing B. papyrifera and L. japonica was found to exert strong anti-inflammatory activity in vitro and in vivo. In this study, the effects of BL on lung inflammation including bronchitis were examined in vitro and in vivo. BL (10-100 ${\mu}g$/ml) inhibited nitric oxide (NO) production of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated alveolar macrophages, MH-S cells, primarily by down-regulating inducible NO synthase. BL also inhibited production of the proinflammatory cytokines, TNF-${\alpha}$ and IL-6. Against an animal model of pleural cavity inflammation, BL (200-400 mg/kg) significantly inhibited 5 h and 24 h carrageenan-induced pleurisy in rats when administered orally. Additionally, BL inhibited experimental bronchitis induced by intratracheal instillation of LPS to rats. Taken together, these results indicate that BL may be effective for the treatment of human lung inflammation as well as bronchitis.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.132-141
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• 2015

Objectives: With recent advances in nanoparticle manufacturing and applications, potential exposure to nanoparticles in various settings is becoming increasing likely. No investigation has yet been performed to assess whether respiratory tract exposure to cerium oxide ($CeO_2$) nanoparticles is associated with alterations in protein signaling, inflammation, and apoptosis in rat lungs. Methods: Specific-pathogen-free male Sprague-Dawley rats were instilled with either vehicle (saline) or $CeO_2$ nanoparticles at a dosage of 7.0 mg/kg and euthanized 1, 3, 14, 28, 56, or 90 days after exposure. Lung tissues were collected and evaluated for the expression of proteins associated with inflammation and cellular apoptosis. Results: No change in lung weight was detected over the course of the study; however, cerium accumulation in the lungs, gross histological changes, an increased Bax to Bcl-2 ratio, elevated cleaved caspase-3 protein levels, increased phosphorylation of p38 MAPK, and diminished phosphorylation of ERK-1/2-MAPK were detected after $CeO_2$ instillation (p<0.05). Conclusions: Taken together, these data suggest that high-dose respiratory exposure to $CeO_2$ nanoparticles is associated with lung inflammation, the activation of signaling protein kinases, and cellular apoptosis, which may be indicative of a long-term localized inflammatory response.

• ALGAE
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.261-273
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• 2017

Fine dust (FD) particles have become a major contributor to air pollution causing detrimental effects on the respiratory system and skin. Although some studies have investigated the effects of FD on the respiratory system, their possible effects on the skin remain under-explored. We investigated the FD mediated inflammatory responses in keratinocytes, present in the outer layers of skin tissues and the transfer of inflammatory potential to macrophages. We further evaluated the anti-inflammatory effects of the polyphenolic derivative, diphlorethohydroxycarmalol (DPHC) isolated from Ishige okamurae against FD-induced inflammation. Size distribution of FD particles was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. FD particles induced the production of cyclooxygenase-2, prostaglandin E2 ($PGE_2$), interleukin (IL)-$1{\beta}$, and IL-6 in HaCaT keratinocytes and the expression of nitric oxide (NO), inducible nitric oxide synthases (iNOS), $PGE_2$, tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ expression in RAW 264.7 macrophages. Further, we evaluated the inflammatory potential of the culture medium of inflammation-induced HaCaT cells in RAW 264.7 macrophages and observed a marked increase in the expression of NO, iNOS, $PGE_2$, and proinflammatory cytokines. DPHC treatment markedly attenuated the inflammatory responses, indicating its effectiveness in suppressing a broad range of inflammatory responses. It also showed anti-inflammatory potential in in-vivo experiments using FD-stimulated zebrafish embryos by decreasing NO and reactive oxygen species production, while eventing cell death caused by inflammation.

• 셀메드
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.25.1-25.7
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• 2020

Allergic Rhinitis (AR) is an IgE (immunoglobin-E) mediated inflammatory condition of upper respiratory tract; main clinical features involve runny nose, sneezing, nasal obstruction, itching and watery eyes. AR is a global problem and has large variations in incidences, currently affects up to 20% - 40% of the population worldwide. It may not be a life-threatening disease per se but indisposition from the condition can be severe and has the potential to adversely affect the daily functioning of life. Classical yoga literature indicates that, components of yoga have been used to treat numerous inflammatory conditions including upper respiratory tract. A few yoga intervention studies reported improvement in lung capacity, Nasal air flow and symptoms of allergic rhinitis. This review examined various anti-inflammatory pathways mediated through Yoga that include downregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines and upregulation of anti-inflammatory cytokines. The hypothalaminic-pitutary-adrenal (HPA) axis and vagal efferent stimulation has been reported to mediate anti-inflammatory effect. A significant reduction is also reported in other inflammatory biomarkers like- TNF-alpha, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), plasma CRP and Cortisol level. Neti, a yogic nasal cleansing technique, reported beneficial effect on AR by direct physical cleansing of thick mucus, allergens, and inflammatory mediator from nasal mucosa resulting in improved ciliary beat frequency. We do not find any study showing effect of yoga on neurogenic inflammation. In summary, Integrated Yoga Therapy may have beneficial effect in reducing symptoms and improving quality of life for patients with allergic rhinitis. Yoga may reduce inflammation through mediating neuro-endocrino-immunological network. Future studies are needed to explore the mechanism how yoga might modulate immune inflammation cascade and neurogenic inflammation at the cellular level in relevance to allergic rhinitis; the effects of kriyas (yogic cleansing techniques) also need to be evaluated in early and late phase of AR. So the proposed model could guide future research.

• Journal of Veterinary Science
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.46.1-46.18
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• 2020

Background: High concentrations of particulate matter less than 2.5 ㎛ in diameter (PM2.5) in poultry houses is an important cause of respiratory disease in animals and humans. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen that can induce severe respiratory disease in animals under stress or with abnormal immune functions. When excessively high concentrations of PM2.5 in poultry houses damage the respiratory system and impair host immunity, secondary infections with P. aeruginosa can occur and produce a more intense inflammatory response, resulting in more severe lung injury. Objectives: In this study, we focused on the synergistic induction of inflammatory injury in the respiratory system and the related molecular mechanisms induced by PM2.5 and P. aeruginosa in poultry houses. Methods: High-throughput 16S rDNA sequence analysis was used for characterizing the bacterial diversity and relative abundance of the PM2.5 samples, and the effects of PM2.5 and P. aeruginosa stimulation on inflammation were detected by in vitro and in vivo. Results: Sequencing results indicated that the PM2.5 in poultry houses contained a high abundance of potentially pathogenic genera, such as Pseudomonas (2.94%). The lung tissues of mice had more significant pathological damage when co-stimulated by PM2.5 and P. aeruginosa, and it can increase the expression levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor-α through nuclear factor (NF)-κB pathway in vivo and in vitro. Conclusions: The results confirmed that poultry house PM2.5 in combination with P. aeruginosa could aggravate the inflammatory response and cause more severe respiratory system injuries through a process closely related to the activation of the NF-κB pathway.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• 제7권5호
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• pp.518-526
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• 2008

Recently a major goal in asthma therapy is to reduce or prevent the inflammatory response of airway. Eosinophilic accumulation in the tissue is a prominent feature of allergic diseases including asthma. Production of chemokines by bronchial epithelial cells may contribute to the allergic inflammation by recruiting eosinophils. In this study we evaluated the inhibitory effect of Gamichungsangbohatang (GMCSBHT), used traditionally in treating asthma, on secretion of chemokines for eosinophils in human A549 epithelial cells. Chemokines such as eotaxin, RANTES, IL-8 were inhibited in a dose-dependent manner, but IL-16 showed no inhibition by GMCSBHT. These findings indicate that GMCSBHT might be a therapeutic value in treating asthma by suppression of chemokines secretion associated with local accumulation of eosinophils.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제46권6호
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• pp.861-868
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• 1999

재발성 다발성 연골염은 전신 연골에 염증반응을 특징으로 하는 드문 전신 질환으로, 대개 외이나 비부의 연골 침범이 가장 흔한 증상이나, 이러한 특징적 증상 없이 기도에 연골염의 형태로 발현하는 경우도 드물게 보고되어 있다. 저자들은 최근 64세 남자에서 흔히 발생하는 연골의 침범에 의한 전형적인 증상없이 미만성 기도 연골 침범으로 발현한 재발성 다발성 연골염 1예를 경험하였기에 문헌고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다.

• 대한예방한의학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.23-33
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• 2023

Objectives : Sojadodamgangki-tang and its main components are traditional korean medicinal methods for treatment of cough, sputum and dyspnea. Using a respiratory inflammatory model, we intend to reveal the anti-inflammatory effect and its immune mechanism of Sojadodamgangki-tang. Methods : We used a papain-induced respiratory inflammatory mouse model. 8-week-old female BALB/C mice were divided into 3 groups as follows: the following groups: saline control group, papain treated group (vehicle), papain and Sojadodamgangki-tang(200 mg/kg) treated group (n=4). To evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of Sojadodamgangki-tang extracts, inflammatory cell infiltration was measured in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and nasal lavage fluid (NALF). In addition, the effects of Sojadodamgangki-tang extracts on Th2 cell population in lung were determined by using flow cytometry. Results : Sojadodamgangki-tang extracts administration reduced inflammatory cell infiltration in BALF and NALF, especially of eosinophils. Furthermore, total immunogloblin (Ig)-E levels was reduced in BALF and serum by drug administration. Interestingly, Sojadodamgangki-tang extracts treatment also decreased the Th2 cell (CD4⁺GATA3⁺) population in lung. Conclusions : Our findings indicate Sojadodamgangki-tang extracts have anti-inflammatory effects by mediating Th2 cell and B cell activation.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제31권8호
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• pp.1109-1114
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• 2021

Chlamydia pneumoniae is a type of pathogenic gram-negative bacteria that causes various respiratory tract infections including asthma. Chlamydia species infect humans and cause respiratory infection by rupturing the lining of the respiratory which includes the throat, lungs and windpipe. Meanwhile, the function of interleukin-4 (IL-4) in Ch. pneumoniae respiratory infection and its association with the development of airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) in adulthood and causing allergic airway disease (AAD) are not understood properly. We therefore investigated the role of IL-4 in respiratory infection and allergy caused by early life Chlamydia infection. In this study, Ch. pneumonia strain was propagated and cultured in HEp-2 cells according to standard protocol and infant C57BL/6 mice around 3-4 weeks old were infected to study the role of IL-4 in respiratory infection and allergy caused by early life Chlamydia infection. We observed that IL-4 is linked with Chlamydia respiratory infection and its absence lowers respiratory infection. IL-4R α2 is also responsible for controlling the IL-4 signaling pathway and averts the progression of infection and inflammation. Furthermore, the IL-4 signaling pathway also influences infection-induced AHR and aids in increasing AAD severity. STAT6 also promotes respiratory infection caused by Ch. pneumoniae and further enhanced its downstream process. Our study concluded that IL-4 is a potential target for preventing infection-induced AHR and severe asthma.