• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.263-268
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• 2023

Despite regular vaccinations, equine influenza virus (EIV) and Streptococcus equi subsp. equi (strangles) are the cause of highly contagious respiratory infections in horses. Many recent studies have reported that the concurrent administration of two vaccines could simplify horse management and minimize veterinary expenses. However, there is little information available regarding the efficacy of concurrent vaccinations against EIV and strangles. In this study, we evaluated EIV-specific antibody responses following the single EIV vaccination with the recombinant viral-vectored EIV vaccine or concurrent vaccination with the EIV and inactivated strangles vaccines. Blood samples were collected at 1-, 2-, 4-, and 8 weeks post-immunization (wpi) from each group. EIV-specific antibodies were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) assay. Both single and concurrent vaccination showed similar levels of EIV-specific serum immunoglobulin g (IgG) at 1 and 2 wpi. However, at 4 to 8 wpi, the EIV-only vaccination group showed significantly higher serum IgG levels than those from the concurrently vaccinated group. The HAI titers showed similar trends as the ELISA data, except at 8 wpi when both groups presented HAI titers with no significant differences. These data demonstrate that the concurrent vaccination against EIV and strangles could compromise the humoral immune response to equine influenza between vaccination intervals, which suggests the use of the consecutive vaccination protocol for EIV and strangles rather than concurrent vaccination.

• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국자원식물학회 2021년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.65-66
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• 2021

Glycyrrhiza species (Licorice) are one of the most commonly used medicinal plants in Asian countries such as China, India and Korea. It has been traditionally used to treat many disease including cough, cold, asthma, fatigue, gastritis and respiratory tract infections. Glycyrrhiza new variety, Wongam (WG), have been developed by Korea Rural Development Administration and revealed several pharmacological effects. However, limited data are available on the potential adverse effects of the WG. Here, we evaluated the general toxicity of the WG extract through single oral dose toxicity study in Sprague-Dawley rats. After single oral dose administration, there was no mortality up to 5000 mg/kg during experiment period. In addition, there was no clinical signs including body weight change, gross findings and necropsy findings up to 5000 mg/kg during experiment period. To conclude, the no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) of WG was higher than 5000 mg/kg and no target organs were identified in male and female Sprague-Dawley rats.

• Journal of Genetic Medicine
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.31-35
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• 2024

Allan-Herndon-Dudley syndrome (AHDS) is a rare X-linked neurodevelopmental disorder with abnormal thyroid function caused by mutation in the solute carrier family 16 member 2 (SLC16A2) gene. Clinical manifestations of AHDS are global or axial hypotonia, a variety of movement disorders, severe intellectual disability, quadriplegia or spastic diplegia, growth failure, and seizures. A 10-year-old boy visited our hospital with the chief complaint of newly onset generalized tonic seizures with vocalization of weekly to daily frequency. He showed early infantile hypotonia, severe intellectual disability, and frequent respiratory infections. He could not walk independently and was non-verbal. Electroencephalogram revealed generalized slow spike and waves with multifocal spikes and slow background rhythms. His tonic seizures were controlled with more than two anti-seizure medications (ASMs). At 11 years of age, he was evaluated for thyroid function as part of regular screening for ASM maintenance and was found to have abnormal thyroid function. We performed whole exome sequencing for severe global developmental delay, drug-resistant epilepsy, and abnormal thyroid function. The hemizygous c.940C>T (p.Arg314Ter) variant in the SLC16A2 gene (NM_006517.5) was identified and confirmed based on Sanger sequencing. Herein, we describe a case of an AHDS patient with late-onset drug-resistant epilepsy combined with congenital hypotonia, global developmental delay, and abnormal thyroid function results. To the best of our knowledge, this is the oldest adolescent among AHDS cases reported in Korea. In this report, clinical characteristics of a mid-adolescence patient with AHDS were presented.

• Clinical and Experimental Vaccine Research
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.319-327
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• 2023

Purpose: Patients with hematological malignancies are at an increased risk of severe infection with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, developing an adequate immune response after vaccination is difficult, especially in patients with lymphoid neoplasms. Since the long-term effects of the BNT162b2 vaccine are unclear, the humoral immune response 5 months after the two vaccinations in patients with hematological disorders was analyzed. Materials and Methods: Samples were collected from 96 patients vaccinated twice with BNT162b2 and treated with at least one line of an antitumor or immunosuppressive drug in our hospital from November 2021 to February 2022. Serum anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (anti-SARS-CoV-2) spike (S) antibody titers were analyzed. Patients were age- and sex-matched using propensity matching and compared with a healthy control group. Patients with serum anti-SARS-CoV-2 S antibodies were defined as 'responder' if >50 U/mL. The patients had B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (B-NHL), multiple myeloma, chronic myeloid leukemia, etc. Results: Patients had significantly low antibody levels (median, 55.3 U/mL vs. 809.8 U/mL; p<0.001) and a significantly low response rate (p<0.001). Multivariate analysis showed that patients with B-NHL, aged >72 years, were associated with a low response to vaccination. There were no significant differences between patients with chronic myeloid leukemia and healthy controls. Conclusion: Our study shows that patients with hematological disorders are at risk of developing severe COVID-19 infections because of low responsiveness to vaccination. Moreover, the rate of antibody positivity differed between the disease groups. Further studies are warranted to determine an appropriate preventive method for these patients, especially those with B-NHL.

• 대한영상의학회지
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• 제83권3호
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• pp.737-743
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• 2022

아스페르길루스 기관-기관지염은 침습성 폐 아스페르길루스의 매우 드문 형태 중 하나로 주로 기관-기관지에 국한되어 거짓막이나 궤양을 형성하거나 폐쇄를 유발하는 질환이다. 거짓막성 아스페르길루스 기관-기관지염은 아스페르길루스 기관-기관지염 중 가장 심한 형태로 대게는 면역저하자에서 발병하고 예후가 좋지 않다. 현재까지 이 질환에 대해 몇 개의 국내보고가 있으나 영상 소견에 대한 보고는 드물다. 이에 저자들은 기관지경 검사상 거짓막성 아스페르길루스 기관-기관지염으로 진단되고 적절한 항진균제 투여로 성공적으로 치료된 환자의 증례를 특징적인 영상 소견과 함께 보고하고자 한다.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.199-207
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• 2024

Introduction: Gullain-Barre syndrome (GBS) is a rapid, symmetric muscle weakness that often follows respiratory or gastrointestinal infections. Standard treatments include plasmapheresis and intravenous immunoglobulin, but outcomes can vary among patients. The integration of Korean medicine, notably unexplored in quantitative assessments of balance and walking, provides a novel approach to treatment. Case presentation: A 53-year-old male diagnosed with GBS presented to the hospital 8 days post-onset. He received treatments consisting of acupuncture, electroacupuncture, and rehabilitation over a period of approximately 4 weeks. Upon admission, the patient exhibited symptoms of both limb weakness and paresthesia, requiring the use of a wheelchair. Post-treatment, muscle strength and balance were significantly improved, leading to the restoration of independent ambulation, including running. Conclusions: This case illustrates the potential of integrated Korean and conventional medical treatments to accelerate recovery in GBS patients, overcoming typical prognosis timelines. The improvements in gait and balance were substantiated by quantitative assessments, suggesting a promising area for further research into the effects of combined therapeutic approaches to GBS recovery.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제50권4호
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• pp.267-273
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• 2024

Background: During the coronavirus pandemic, masks played a critical role in preventing respiratory infections. While the performance of masks such as KF-certified masks and N95 masks was evaluated and managed by the authorities, the performance of common masks was not. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the performance of uncertified masks in four Asian countries against certification standards (Korean KF80, KF94, and US N95). Methods: Thirty uncertified mask products from Indonesia, 20 from South Korea, 26 from Taiwan, and 30 from Thailand were purchased to perform performance evaluations. The uncertified masks included disposable dental masks, cloth masks, and children's masks. Filtration efficiency and inhalation airflow resistance tests were conducted according to Korean KF80, KF94, and US N95 protocols. Results: None of the 106 identified masks complied with the KF94 standard. A few complied with the KF80 standard: four from Indonesia, four from South Korea, 13 from Taiwan, and 16 from Thailand. Some of the masks met the N95 standard: one from Indonesia, three from South Korea, two from Taiwan, and one from Thailand. Conclusions: Since many uncertified masks did not comply with performance standards, wearing them might not have provided sufficient protection. Performance of uncertified masks could provide critical information for next pandemic management.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.69-74
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• 2007

목 적 : 지금까지 코로나바이러스는 대부분 상기도 감염을 일으키며 임상적으로 큰 의미가 없는 것으로 여겨져 왔다. 하지만 최근에 발견된 코로나 바이러스인 hCoV-NL63와 hCoV-HKU1는 하부 호흡기 질환과의 연관성이 있는 것으로 보고되면서 임상적 의의에 대한 연구가 필요한 실정이다. 이에 저자들은 폐렴으로 입원한 소아 환자에서 최근에 발견된 hCoV-NL63과 hCoV-HKU1을 포함한 코로나바이러스 감염의 유병률을 알아보기 위하여 본 연구를 시행하였다. 방 법 : 2006년 3월부터 2007년 1월까지 폐렴으로 상계백병원에 입원한 소아에게서 비인두 흡인물을 수집하였다. Multiplex RT-PCR 방법을 이용하여 RSV, influenza A, influenza B, parainfluenzavirus 및 adenovirus 감염을 진단하였으며, F 유전자 시발체를 이용한 nested RT-PCR에 의해 hMPV 감염을 진단하였다. 코로나바이러스 감염을 진단하기 위해 hCoVNL63, hCoV-OC43, hCoV-229E 및 hCoV-HKU1에 각각 특이적 시발체를 이용하여 nested RT-PCR을 시행하였다. 결 과 : 총 217명의 입원한 15세 이하의 폐렴 환아에게서 수집한 비인두 흡인물에서 multiplex PCR 방법에 의해 RSV 양성은 32명, hMPV는 18명, parainfluenza virus는 10명, influenza virus A는 2명, adenovirus는 6명에서 양성이었다. RT-PCR에 의해 hMPV 양성은 18명에서 확인되었다. 코로나바이러스는 RT-PCR 방법에 의해 8명 (3.7%)에서 양성이었으며, hCoV-229E 1명, hCoV-NL63 3명, 그리고 hCoV-OC43가 4명에서 검출되었다. 하지만 hCoV- HKU1는 연구 대상군에서 검출되지 않았다. 결 론 : 아직 추가 연구가 필요하지만 최근에 발견된 hCoV-HKU1와 hCoV-NL63은 폐렴으로 입원한 국내 소아에서 임상적인 중요성이 적을 것으로 생각된다.

• 대한미생물학회지
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.191-201
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• 2000

The viruses of Herpes Simplex Virus 1 (HSV-1), Herpes Simplex Virus 2 (HSV-2) and Varicella-Zoster virus (VZV) which belong to the alpha herpes subfamily are important human pathogens. When eruptions were not fully developed from these viral infections, clinical diagnosis was not always easy and required virological confirmation test. The above viruses were reactivated in individuals who were compromised in immune competence for one reason or another. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) enables rapid and sensitive detection of HSV and VZV DNAs. Its sensitivity was largely influenced by choice of primers. Authors conducted a study to detect of those three viruses in human specimens including vesicle fluid and joint fluid and serum using PCR methods. Primers used for this study were the general primer pair GPHV-RU which was known to amplify within the genes enjoying the highest degree of homology between UL15 of HSV and UL42 of VZV. PCR with primers hybridized pair GPHV-RU amplifies a 396 bp with THP-1 and HSV-2 standard strain DNA and 405 bp with VZV standard strain DNA. Restriction enzyme cleavage with HpaII and DdeI were used to detect and distinguish DNAs of THP-1 and HSV-2 and VZV. The purpose of this study was a rapid and easy detection of VZV and THP-1 or HSV-2 from various clinical specimens (vesicle fluid, serum and joint fluid) by PCR method. Used methods were: HSV PCR with primer 1, 2 and HpaII RE digestion; VZV nested PCR; HSV PCR with primer A, Band BssHII RE digestion. 1) In 33 cases (33/42, 78.6%) VZV was detected single or mixed infection from 42 clinical specimens which included vesicle fluid (5), serum form respiratory infected children (10), serum from immune suppressed adult cancer patients (7) and joint fluid from arthritis patients (20). 2) In 20 cases (20/42, 47.6%) HSV was detected singly or mixed infection and 19 of those cases were HSV-2 and 1 case was THP-1. 3) In 19 cases (19/42, 45.2%) VZV was singly detected which included serum from respiratory infected children (6 cases), joint fluid from arthritis patients (9 cases), vesicle fluid (2 cases) and serum form immunosuppressed cancer patients (2 cases). 4) HSV was singly detected in 6 cases (6/42, 14.3%) which included joint fluid from arthritis patients (5 cases) and serum form respiratory infected children (1 cases). 5) 14 cases of VZV and HSV mixed infection (14/42, 33.3%) were detected. They included vesicle fluid (3 cases), serum form immunosuppressed cancer patients (4 cases), serum from respiratory infected children (2 cases) and joint fluid from arthritis patients (5 cases). 6) HSV-1 and HSV-2 detection and typing by HSV PCR with primer A, Band BssHII RE digestion method was more sensitive and the results were easier to detect than on other method.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.156-164
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• 2018

목적: 본 연구는 국내 소아에서 parainfluenza virus (PIV) 4형 감염의 역학과 임상양상을 PIV 1-3형과 비교하여 분석하고자 하였다. 방법: 2015년부터 2017년까지 서울대학교 어린이병원에 내원한 소아들 중 실시간 중합효소연쇄반응법을 통해 PIV 1-4형이 검출된 환자들을 대상으로 의무기록을 후향적으로 분석하였다. 임상 진단은 열성 질환, 상기도 감염, 크룹, 모세기관지염과 폐렴으로 분류하였고, PIV 유형별 역학적 특징을 비교하였다. 인구학적 특징 및 임상적 특징은 건강한 환자만을 대상으로 분석하였다. 결과: 전체 PIV 감염은 472건이 확인되었고, 기저질환이 있거나 다른 바이러스가 중복 검출된 경우를 제외하여 최종 108건(22.9%)을 분석하였다. PIV 3형은 39건(36.1%), PIV 4형은 26건(24.1%), 1형은 24건(22.2%), PIV 2형은 19건(17.6%)이 검출되었다. PIV 4형 환자의 중간 연령은 11개월(0-195개월)이었으며, 2세 미만은 17명(65.4%), 2세 이상 5세 미만은 5명(19.2%)였다. PIV 4형환자군의임상진단은세기관지염(38.5%), 폐렴(30.8%), 상부호흡기감염(30.8%)의순이었다. 크룹은 PIV 2형 환자군에서 가장 우세하게 관찰되었고, PIV 4형 환자군에서는 한 명도 관찰되지 않았다(0% vs. 21.1%, P=0.026). 각 형 별 입원율의 유의한 차이는 없었다(P>0.05). 결론: PIV 4형은 우리나라에서 2015년과 2017년에 유행하였다. 입원 환자 중 5세 미만의 연령에서 주로 검출되었고, 입원을 필요로 하는 하기도 감염의 원인으로 고려되어야 할 것이다.