• PNF and Movement
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.389-395
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• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the respiratory function of patients with stroke was different on the ground and under water. Methods: We recruited 14 adults who had experienced a stroke (12 male, 2 female) for our study. We measured forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume at one second, maximum inspiratory pressure, and maximum expiratory pressure when the participants breathed on the ground and under water. On the ground, the participants were safely supported using a table and chair and were measured in a standing posture. For measuring under water, the participants were immersed in water in a standing position to clavicle height. The participants were measured while standing, and the assistant supported them when they needed help. The collected data were analyzed by a paired t-test. Results: Forced vital capacity and forced expiratory volume at one second were significantly lower in water than on the ground when breathing at maximum. Maximum inspiratory pressure was not significantly different when standing on the ground or in water, but maximum expiratory pressure was significantly higher in water than on the ground. Conclusion: It has been confirmed that the hydrostatic pressure affecting stroke patients immersed in water affects the forced expiratory volume at one second while reducing the forced vital capacity and increasing the maximum expiratory pressure.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.87 no.2
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• pp.155-164
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• 2024

Background: Exercise capacity is associated with lung function decline in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients, but a discrepancy between exercise capacity and airflow limitation exists. This study aimed to explore factors contributing to this discrepancy in COPD patients. Methods: Data for this prospective study were obtained from the Korean COPD Subgroup Study. The exercise capacity and airflow limitation were assessed using the 6-minute walk distance (6-MWD; m) and forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV₁). Participants were divided into four groups: FEV₁ >50%+6-MWD >350, FEV₁ >50%+6-MWD ≤350, FEV₁ ≤50%+6-MWD >350, and FEV₁ ≤50%+6-MWD ≤350 and their clinical characteristics were compared. Results: A total of 883 patients (male:female, 822:61; mean age, 68.3±7.97 years) were enrolled. Among 591 patients with FEV₁ >50%, 242 were in the 6-MWD ≤350 group, and among 292 patients with FEV₁ ≤50%, 185 were in the 6-MWD >350 group. The multiple regression analyses revealed that male sex (odds ratio [OR], 8.779; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.539 to 50.087; p=0.014), current smoking status (OR, 0.355; 95% CI, 0.178 to 0.709; p=0.003), and hemoglobin levels (OR, 1.332; 95% CI, 1.077 to 1.648; p=0.008) were significantly associated with discrepancies in exercise capacity and airflow limitation in patients with FEV₁ >50%. Meanwhile, in patients with FEV₁ ≤50%, diffusion capacity of carbon monoxide (OR, 0.945; 95% CI, 0.912 to 0.979; p=0.002) was significantly associated with discrepancies between exercise capacity and airflow limitation. Conclusion: The exercise capacity of COPD patients may be influenced by factors other than airflow limitation, so these aspects should be considered when assessing and treating patients.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.328-336
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• 2021

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of cervical range of motion training on the change in respiratory function growth rate at the group and individual level in stroke patients and stroke patients with tracheostomy tube. Design: A Multilevel Growth Model Methods: 8 general stroke patients and 6 stroke patients who had a tracheostomy tube inserted were subjected to cervical range of motion training 3 times a week for 4 weeks. Force vital capacity (FVC), Forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1), Forced expiration ratio (FEV1/FVC) and Manual assist peak cough flow (MPCF) were measured. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and multilevel analysis with HLM 8.0. Results: A significant difference was found in the respiratory function analysis growth rate of the entire group (p<0.05), and two groups were added to the research model. The linear growth rate of respiratory function in patients with general stroke increased with the exception of FEV1/FVC (p<0.05). Stroke patients with tracheostomy tube showed a decreasing pattern except for FVC. In particular, MPCF showed a significantly decreased result (p<0.05). Conclusions: This study found that the maintenance of improved respiratory function in stroke patients with tracheostomy tube decreased over time. However, cervical range of motion training is still a useful method for respiratory function in general stroke patients and stroke patients with tracheostomy tube.

• Archives of Orthopedic and Sports Physical Therapy
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.25-32
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• 2018

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between trunk control and pulmonary function and respiratory muscle strength in stroke patients. Methods: This study included 30 patients who had been clinically diagnosed with strokes, and trunk control abilities were measured using the trunk impairment scale (TIS). The subjects were classified into a group with high trunk control ability (TIS score ${\geq}20$) and a group with low trunk control ability (TIS score < 20). The patients' forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), peak expiratory flow (PEF), maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP), and maximal expiratory pressure (MEP) were measured. To compare the pulmonary function and respiratory muscle strength between the two groups, the measurement data were analyzed using an independent T-test, and the relationship between TIS and respiratory function was analyzed using a Pearson correlation. Results: The high trunk control ability group had significantly higher pulmonary function and respiratory muscle strength than the low trunk control ability group. Significant positive correlations were found between trunk control and FVC, FEV1, PEF, MIP, and MEP. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that trunk control affects pulmonary function and respiratory muscle strength in stroke patients.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.72 no.4
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• pp.367-373
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• 2012

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is now regarded as a heterogenous disease, with variable phenotypes. Acute exacerbation of COPD is a major event that alters the natural course of disease. The frequency of COPD exacerbation is variable among patients. We analyzed clinical features, according to the frequency of acute exacerbation in COPD. Methods: Sixty patients, who visited Gyeongsang National University Hospital from March 2010 to October 2010, were enrolled. Patients were divided into two groups, according to their frequency of acute exacerbation. Frequent exacerbator is defined as the patient who has two or more exacerbation per one year. We reviewed patients' medical records and investigated modified Medical Research Council (MMRC) dyspnea scale, smoking history and frequency of acute exacerbation. We also conducted pulmonary function test and 6-minute walking test, calculated body mass index, degree of airway obstruction and dyspnea and exercise capacity (BODE) index and measured CD146 cells in the peripheral blood. Results: The number of frequent exacerbators and infrequent exacerbators was 20 and 40, respectively. The frequent exacerbator group had more severe airway obstruction (forced expiratory volume in one second [$FEV_1$], 45% vs. 65.3%, p=0.001; $FEV_1$/forced vital capacity, 44.3% vs. 50.5%, p=0.046). MMRC dyspnea scale and BODE index were significantly higher in the frequent exacerbator group (1.8 vs. 1.1, p=0.016; 3.9 vs. 2.1, p=0.014, respectively). The fraction of CD146 cells significantly increased in the frequent exacerbator group (2.0 vs. 1.0, p<0.001). Conclusion: Frequent exacerbator had more severe airway obstruction and higher symptom score and BODE index. However, circulating endothelial cells measured by CD146 needed to be confirmed in the future.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.149-155
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• 2022

Purpose : This study investigated the effects of wearing a mask and different mask filters on the respiratory function of stroke patients. Methods : A total of 15 stroke patients were selected according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The respiratory functions were compared between participants with and without masks and among respiratory functions with three different mask filters. The order of using masks was non-wearing masks, Dental masks, KF80 masks, and KF94 masks; the difference in respiratory volumes among these conditions were measured. For accuracy of the measurement, sufficient education on the respiratory measurement method was provided to the researcher, and the heart rate of the participants was estimated to confirm their stability before the measurements. To ensure accuracy, the subjects were educated on the researchers' respiratory measurement methods. Each measurement was followed by 10 min breathing stability before replacing the next mask. Results : The results of this study showed that the difference in respiratory functions, including forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV₁), and maximal voluntary ventilation (MVV), in stroke patients was statistically significant among different masks (p<.05). Afterwards, the values of FVC, FEV₁, and MVV in stroke patients wearing masks were significantly lower than those of the non-masked control group (p<.05). The difference in respiratory functions with different mask filters showed no statistical significance (p<.05). Conclusion : This study showed that participants wearing any of the masks presented a lower respiratory function than that of those without using masks; additionally, no difference in respiratory functions was observed with differences in mask filters. Therefore, wearing a mask for a prolonged period is confirmed to affect breathing in stroke patients with weak respiratory function.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.37-45
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• 2018

Background: Posterior-anterior (PA) vertebral mobilization, a manual therapy technique has been used for relieving pain or stiffness treating in spinal segment for in clinical practice, however evidence to gauge efficacy is yet to be synthesised. Objects: This study aimed to investigate the effect of PA mobilization of the thoracic spine on the respiratory function in patients with low back pain (LBP). Methods: The study participants included 30 patients with chronic LBP. They were randomly allocated to the experimental and control groups. The experimental and control groups received PA mobilization of the T1-T8 level of the thoracic spine and placebo mobilization, respectively. All patients received interventions for 35 minutes a day, five times a week, over 2-week period, respectively. Forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 second ($FEV_1$), peak expiratory flow (PEF), forced expiratory flow 25~75% ($FEF_{25{\sim}75%}$), and chest wall expansion were measured before and after the intervention. Statistical analysis was performed using independent t-test and two-way analysis of variance, and Pearson's correlation analysis was used to compare the correlation between respiratory function and chest measurement. Results: The experimental group showed significant improvements in FVC, $FEV_1$, PEF, $FEF_{25{\sim}75%}$ (p<.05), and chest wall expansion (p<.05) compared with the control group. Conclusion: PA mobilization of the upper thoracic spine may be beneficial for improving respiratory function parameters including FVC, $FEV_1$, PEF, $FEF_{25{\sim}75%}$, and chest wall expansion in patients with chronic LBP.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.1-11
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• 2020

Background: The purpose of this study was to investigated the effects of threshold resistance inspiratory muscle training on respiratory function in chronic stroke patients. Design: Randomized Controlled Trial Methods: Eighteen patient with stroke were randomly assigned to the experimental group (n=9) and control group (n=9) all testing and training. The experimental group underwent threshold resistance inspiratory muscle training with resistance adjusted of maximal inspiratory pressure, 60 breathing a day and general physical therapy 30 minutes a day, 5 times a week for 4 weeks. The control group was taken general respiratory muscle training and general physical therapy for 4 weeks in the same way. Respiratory function, walking ability were evaluated before and after the intervention. Statistical significance of the results were evaluated by ANCOVA between control group and experimental group after intervention. Results: There was a significant increase in FVC and FEV1 in the experimental group in pulmonary function tests (p<0.05). There was a significant difference with the maximum inspiratory pressure and the maximum inspiratory flow rate between experimental and control group (p<0.05). There was no significant difference with the maximum inspiratory capacity between experimental and control group (p>0.05) but the maximum inspiratory capacity of experimental group some increased than that of control group. Conclusion: These finding gave some indications that the threshold resistance inspiratory training may benefit on pulmonary function in people with stroke, and it is feasible to be included in rehabilitation interventions with this population.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.96-99
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• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of a chair backrest on respiratory function after prolonged sitting. Methods: Twenty-four young healthy subjects (12 males and 12 females) volunteered to participate in this study, and were equally allocated to a backrest (n=12) or a without backrest group (n=12). A spirometer was used to measure the respiratory functions of all subjects. Results: The chair with backrest group were significant difference in forced vital capacity (FVC), Forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), and peak expiratory flow (PEF) after sitting for 1 hour, compared with chair without backrest group (p<0.05). The chair with backrest group showed a significantly decreased in FVC, FEV1, and PEF. Conclusion: Using a chair without a backrest may help to reduce lung function deterioration as compared with a chair with a backrest.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.8
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• pp.3695-3700
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• 2012

Mammalian mediator (MED) is a multi-protein coactivator that has been identified by several research goups. The involvement of the MED complex subunit 19 (MED 19) in the metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma cell line (H1299), which expresses the MED 19 subunit, was here investigated. When MED 19 expression was decreased by RNA interference H1299 cells demonstrated reduced clone formation, arrest in the S phase of the cell cycle, and lowered metastatic capacity. Thus, MED 19 appears to play important roles in the biological behavior of non-small cell lung carcinoma cells. These findings may be important for the development of novel lung carcinoma treatments.