• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.41-47
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• 2001

This study was undertaken to examine the differences between normal vocal technique and abnormal vocal technique because of diseases in respiratory system(emphysema). The breath control for vocalizing with diaphragmatic respiration must be sustained clearly. But if there is an abnormality in lung(emphysema), it is not sustained to hold diaphragmatic respiration when we sing. In order to examine the differences of the width in diaphragmatic respiration among professional singer's case, non professional case and the case of respiratory disturbance, Shimadzu X-ray remote control TV system was used. The results obtained were summerized as follows: When we vocalize, breath control is very important not only to sustain a resonance but also to form focus for being scattered to cranial resonance. We must know the differences between normal and abnormal diaphrogmatic respiration in order to teach vocal technique right. professional singer's vocal technique with Piaphragmatic respiration was better than that compared with non professional case and respiratory disturbance. Non professional case was very similar to the case of respiratory disturvance in diaphragmatic respiration until 10 sec. after full inhalation, but diaphragmatic respiration in the case of 20 sec. after full inhalation was very different.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제41권6호
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• pp.561-566
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• 2018

Field-in-Field Technique is applied to the radiation therapy of breast cancer patients, and it is possible to compensate the difference in breast thickness and deliver uniform dose in the breast. However, there are several fields in the treatment field that result in a more complex dose delivery than a single field dose delivery. If the patient's respiration is irregular during the delivery of the dose by several fields and the change of respiration occurs, the dose distribution in the breast changes. Therefore, based on the computed tomography images of breast cancer patients, a human model was created by using a 3D printer (Builder Extreme 1000) to describe the volume in the same manner. A computerized tomography (CT) of the human body model was performed and a treatment plan of 260 cGy / fx was established using a 6-MV field-in-field technique using a computerized treatment planning system (Eclipse 13.6, Varian, USA). The distribution of the dose in the breast according to the change of the respiration was measured using a moving phantom at 0.1 cm, 0.3 cm, 0.5 cm amplitude, using a MOSOXIDE Silicon Field Effect Transistor (MOSFET, Best Medical, Canada) Were measured and compared. The distribution of dose in the breast according to the change of respiration showed similar value within ${\pm}2%$ in the movement up to 0.3 cm compared to the treatment plan. In this experiment, we found that the dose distribution in the breast due to the change of respiration when the change of respiration was increased was not much different from the treatment plan.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제25권8호
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• pp.1130-1133
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• 2021

In this paper, a miniaturized sensor interface circuit for the respiration detection system is proposed. Respiratory diagnosis is one of the main ways to predict various diseases. The proposed system consists of respiration detection sensor, temperature sensor, and interface circuits. Electrochemical type gas sensor using solid electrolytes is adopted for respiration detection. Proposed system performs sensing, amplification, analog-to-digital conversion, digital signal processing, and i2c communication. And also proposed system has a small form factor and low-cost characteristics through optimization and miniaturization of the circuit structure. Moreover, technique for sensor degradation compensation is introduced to obtain high accuracy. The size of proposed system is about 1.36 cm².

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.29-37
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• 2000

Because vocal technique is the basis of singing a song beautifully, so this study was undertaken to use the scientific and correct technique in order to get much better musical expressions. Shimadzu X - ray remote control TV system was used for checking the supporting state of diaphragmatic respiration after 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 sec during phonation in the state of full inhalation between professional singer and non - professional singer. Shimadzu Magnet $nex-{\alpha}$(SMT -50CX/H) was used for examining the scattering state from the resonance of nasal cavity to that of cranial cavity on the basis of diaphragmatic respiration. The results obtained were summerized as follows : 1. The resonance of cranial cavity must be scattered by the energy of diaphragmatic respiration after gathering the foci of the fundamental 5 vowels. 2. while raising the epiglottis, the resonance of nasal cavity must be clearly in order to maintain the resonance of cranial cavity beautifully. 3. We can get musical expressions by maintaining the elasticity of diaphragmatic respiration.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제19권11호
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• pp.1862-1870
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• 2016

A respiration is one of the most useful techniques for vital checking and an abnormal respiration is often the earliest sign of critical illness. Detection of respiration is based on the photo-plethysmography (PPG) with photodiode technique. Because PPG sensor using photodiode can be easily miniaturized, it is suitable for wearable devices. A system to measure respiration rate based on PPG signal is implemented and for a reliable measurement an improved algorithm in accuracy using PPG signal pattern is proposed in this paper. As results regarding to three types of respirations (regular interval, free interval, and weak respiration) the proposed algorithm showed error rate of 0.047, 0.067, and 0.122 respectively.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.373-381
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• 2005

The respiratory and heart beat signals are the fundamental physiological signals for sleep monitoring in the home. Using the air mattress sensor system, the respiration and heart beat movements can be measured without any harness or sensor on the subject's body which makes long term measurement difficult and troublesome. The differential measurement technique between two air cells is adopted to enhance the sensitivity. The concept of the balancing tube between two air cells is suggested to increase the robustness against postural changes during the measurement period. With this balancing tube, the meaningful frequency range could be selected by the pneumatic filter method. The mathematical model for the air mattress and balancing tube was suggested and the validation experiments were performed for step and sinusoidal input. The results show that the balancing tube can eliminate the low frequency component between two cells effectively. This technique was applied to measure the respiration and heart beat on the bed, which shows the potential applications for sleep monitoring device in home. With the analysis of the waveform, respiration intervals and heart beat intervals were calculated and compared with the signal from conventional methods. The results show that the measurement from air mattress with balancing tube can be used for monitoring respiration and heart beat in various situations.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.193-202
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• 2011

We studied temperature sensitivity characteristics of soil respiration during periods of rising and falling temperatures within a common temperature range. We measured soil respiration continuously through two periods (a period of falling temperature, from August 7, 2003 to October 13, 2003; and a period of rising temperature from May 2, 2004 to July 2, 2004) using an open-top chamber technique. A clear exponential relationship was observed between soil temperature and soil respiration rate during both periods. However, the effects of soil water content were not significant, because the humid monsoon climate prevented soil drought, which would otherwise have limited soil respiration. We analyzed temperature sensitivity using the $Q_{10}$ value and $R_{ref}$ (reference respiration at the average temperature for the observation period) and found that these values tended to be higher during the period of rising temperature than during the period of falling temperature. In the absence of an effect on soil water content, several other factors could explain this phenomenon. Here, we discuss the factors that control temperature sensitivity of soil respiration during periods of rising and falling temperature, such as root respiration, root growth, root exudates, and litter supply. We also discuss how the contribution of these factors may vary due to different growth states or due to the effects of the previous season, despite a similar temperature range.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.43-52
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• 2005

Objectives : This study is an investigation the clinical development of oriental neuropsychiatry through the practical application of respiration techniques in oriental medicine and Buddhism. Methods : Oriental medicine and Buddhism both make much use of respiration techniques. According to a comparative study on these; A group for the clinical application of oriental medical respiration methods, and A study both the differences and common features of oriental medical and Buddhist respiration techniques, to deliver therapeutic and preventive medical assistance to patients. Results and Conclusion : 1. Oriental medical respiration techniques have as their object the prevention and treatment of disease through smooth circulation of Gi(氣) and Hyeol(血) according to the concentration of the mind on acupuncture points. 2. Buddhist respiration techniques make use of planned psychological rest and ascetic practical expedience according to the close observation of the five senses(五感) of the real world through exhalation(呼) and inhalation(吸) based on Buddhist philosophy. 3. Although the pursuit of oriental medicine and Buddhism can be different, I think a need to develop new respiration techniques can lead to psychological balance and medical treatment through compounding both sets of knowledge.

• 센서학회지
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.447-453
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• 2008

Respiration rate is one of the important vital signs. Photo-plethysmography (PPG) measurement especially on a finger has been widely used in pulse oximetry and also used in estimating respiration rate. It is well known that PPG contains respiration-induced intensity variation (RIIV) signal. However, the accuracy of finger PPG method has been controversial. We introduced a new technique of enhancing motion artifact by respiration. This was achieved simply by measuring PPG on the thorax. We examined the accuracy of these two PPG methods by comparing with two existing methods based on thoracic volume and nostril temperature changes. PPG sensing on finger tip, which is the most common site of measurement, produced 6.1 % error. On the other hand, our method of PPG sensing on the thorax achieved 0.4 % error which was a significant improvement. Finger PPG is sensitive to motion artifact and it is difficult to recover fully small respiratory signal buried in waveform dominated by absorption due to blood volume changes. Thorax PPG is poor to represent blood volumes changes since it contains substantial motion artifact due to respiration. Ironically, this inferior quality ensures higher accuracy in terms of respiration measurement. Extreme low-cost and small-sized LED/silicon detector and non-constrained reflection measurement provide a great candidate for respiration estimation in ubiquitous or personal health monitoring.

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.155-161
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• 2020

Purpose : This study was conducted to investigate the effect of positive active pressure technique and active breathing technique on lung function in healthy adults. Methods : In this study, the passive lung expansion technique and active respiration enhancement technique using an air mask bag unit were conducted in 30 normal adults to observe changes in pulmonary function with forced vital capacity (FVC), Forced expiratory volume at one second (FEV1). In order to observe the change in the level of respiratory function, we would like to investigate the peak expiratory flow (PEF) and the forced expiratory flow (FEF 25-75 %). Results : As a result of this study, there was no significant difference in comparison between the passive lung expansion technique and the active breathing enhancement technique (p>.05). The passive lung expansion technique effectively increased the effortful expiratory volume and the median expiratory flow rate of 1 second (p<.05). And the passive lung expansion technique effectively increased the effortless lung capacity and the maximum expiration flow rate (p<.05). Conclusion : The passive lung expansion technique effectively increases the range of motion of the lungs and chest cages, intrathoracic pressure, and elasticity of the lungs, and the active breathing technique increases the muscle functions such as the diaphragm and the biceps muscles. It is expected that it will be able to selectively improve the respiratory function of patients with respiratory diseases or functional limitations as it is found to be effective.