• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제28권7호
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• pp.987-992
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• 2015

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of palm kernel expellers on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and blood profiles of weaned pigs. A total of 88 weaned pigs ($6.94{\pm}0.76kg$ body weight [BW]; 28 d old) were randomly allotted to 2 dietary treatments (4 pigs/pen; 11 replicates/treatment) in a randomized complete block design (sex as a block). The dietary treatments were a typical nursery diet based on corn and soybean meal (CON) and CON added with 20% of palm kernel expellers (PKE). Pigs were fed for 6 wk using a 3-phase feeding program with declining diet complexity and with phases of 1, 2, and 3 wk, respectively. Blood was collected from randomly selected 2 pigs in each pen before weaning and on d 7 after weaning. Pigs were fed respective dietary treatments containing 0.2% chromic oxide from d 29 to 35 after weaning. Fecal samples were collected from randomly selected 2 pigs in each pen daily for the last 3 days after the 4-d adjustment period. Measurements were growth performances, digestibility of dry matter, nitrogen and energy, white and red blood cell counts, packed cell volume, and incidence of diarrhea. The PKE increased average daily gain (ADG) (246 vs 215 g/d; p = 0.06) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) (470 vs 343 g/d; p<0.05) and decreased gain-to-feed ratio (G:F) (0.522 vs 0.628 g/g; p<0.05) during phase 2 compared with CON, but did not affect growth performance during phase 1 and 3. During overall experimental period, PKE increased ADG (383 vs 362 g/d; p = 0.05) and ADFI (549 vs 496 g/d; p<0.05) compared with CON, but did not affect G:F. However, no differences were found on digestibility of dry matter, nitrogen, and energy between CON and PKE. The PKE reduced frequency of diarrhea (15% vs 25%; p = 0.08) for the first 2 wk after weaning compared with CON. Similarly, PKE decreased white blood cells (8.19 vs $9.56{\times}10^3/{\mu}L$; p = 0.07), red blood cells (2.92 vs $3.25{\times}10^6/{\mu}L$; p = 0.09), and packed cell volume (11.1% vs 12.6%; p = 0.06) on d 7 after weaning compared with CON. In conclusion, addition of 20% palm kernel expellers to nursery diet based on corn and soybean meal had no negative effects on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and blood profiles of weaned pigs.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.71-85
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• 2006

계산 그리드 환경은 서로 다른 성능과 이질적인 네트워크 상태들을 갖는 LAN/WAN으로 구성되고 다양한 형태의 프로그램이 수행된다. 이러한 환경에서 각 노드의 작업은 프로그램의 특성에 따라 이질적인 네트워크 환경과 각 노드의 컴퓨팅 파워를 고려하여 수행되기 때문에 자원 선택 브로커의 역할은 매우 중요하다. 본 논문은 계산 그리드 환경에서 프로그램 특성에 따라 네트워크 상태 정보와 각 노드의 성능을 고려하여 각 노드에 할당될 작업 프로세스의 수를 결정하는 새로운 자원 선택 브로커를 제안한다. 제안된 자원 선택 브로커는 다음과 같이 3단계로 구성된다. 첫째 프로그램의 특성을 반영하여 지연시간 대역폭 정보와 cup 혼합정보를 이용하여 각 노드의 성능비율을 계산하고, 이러한 비율에 의해 각 노드에서 수행될 작업 프로세스의 수를 결정한다. 둘째, 이전 단계에서 결정된 작업 프로세스의 수를 기반으로 RSL 파일을 자동으로 생성한다. 마지막으로, 각 노드는 RSL파일을 이용하여 작업 프로세스들을 생성하고 자신에 할당된 작업을 수행한다. 실험 결과에 의하면 작업량, 프로세스 수, 노드 수 관점에서 프로그램의 특성을 반영한 제안된 방법이 기존 방법(균등)과 지연시간-대역폭을 고려한 것에 비해 $278%\sim316%,\;524%\sim595%,\;924%\sim954%$ 향상되었다.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제10권11호
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• pp.2091-2098
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• 2006

본 논문에서는 무선 센서 네트워크를 구성하는 센서 노드들을 위 한 자원 적응형 데이터 확산 프로토콜을 제안하였다. 무선 센서 네트워크의 각 센서 노드들은 배터리 전력에 의존하여 센싱, 연산, 통신 등 협업 작업을 통해 최종 목적지에 요구된 정보를 전달한다. 따라서 센서 노드들이 수집한 정보를 사용자에게 전달하기 위해 사용되는 프로토콜들은 센서 노드의 전력 소비를 최소화 할 수 있어 야 한다. 이를 위해서는 특히 브로드캐스트와 같은 전송 방식 때문에 발생하는 내부 네트워크 내파, 데이터 중칩 전송, 과다한 메시지 전송 등의 문제를 해결하여 전체 전력 소비를 최소화는 것이 매우 중요하다. 각 센서 노드들간의 최단 경로 유지와 네트워크 생존시간의 연장 및 통신비용 절감을 위해 본 논문에서는 이벤트 지 역에서의 협의를 통한 전송 노드 선출, 홉과 에너지정보를 이 한 최적의 전송경로 유지 기법을 제안하였다. 마지막으로, 본 논문에서는 제안된 기법을 기존의 방향성 확산 및 SPIN 프로토콜과 비교하기 위해 이벤트 발생 주변에 이웃한 센서 노드 수의 증가에 따른 에너지 소비율, 네트워크에 유포되는 메시지 비율, 센서 노드 수의 증가에 따른 전체 네트워크 에너지 소비율 측면에 대한성능 평가를 수행하여 이것들의 성능이 향상됨을 보였다.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제11권6호
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• pp.3273-3308
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• 2017

Building appropriate trust evaluation models is an important research issue for security guarantee in social networks. Most of the existing works usually consider the trust values at the current time slot, and model trust as the stochastic variable. However, in fact, trust evolves over time, and trust is a stochastic process. In this paper, we propose a novel time-variant stochastic trust evaluation (TSTE) model, which models trust over time and captures trust evolution by a stochastic process. Based on the proposed model, we derive the time-variant bound of untrustworthy probability, which provides stochastic trust guarantee. On one hand, the time-variant trust level of each node can be measured by our model. Meanwhile, by tolerating nodes with relatively poor performance, our model can effectively improve the node resource utilization rate. Numerical simulations are conducted to verify the accuracy and consistency of the analytical bounds on distinguishing misbehaved nodes from normal ones. Moreover, simulation results on social network dataset show the tradeoff between trust level and resource utilization rate, and verify that the successful transmission rate can be improved by our model.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.295-309
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• 2015

Beacon scheduling is considered to be one of the most significant challenges for energy-efficient Low-Rate Wireless Personal Area Network (LR-WPAN) multi-hop networks. The emerging new standard, IEEE802.15.4e, contains a distributed beacon scheduling functionality that utilizes a specific bitmap and multi-superframe structure. However, this new standard does not provide a critical recipe for superframe duration (SD) allocation in beacon scheduling. Therefore, in this paper, we first introduce three different SD allocation approaches, LSB first, MSB first, and random. Via experiments we show that IEEE802.15.4e DSME beacon scheduling performs differently for different SD allocation schemes. Based on our experimental results we propose an adaptive SD allocation (ASDA) algorithm. It utilizes a single indicator, a distributed neighboring slot incrementer (DNSI). The experimental results demonstrate that the ASDA has a superior performance over other methods from the viewpoint of resource efficiency.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.121-147
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• 2004

Since the pilot program for a DRG-based prospective payment system was introduced in 1997, the performance of KDRGs has been one of hotly debated issues. The objectives of this study are to refine the classification algorithm of the KDRGs and to assess the improvement achieved by the refinement. The U.S. Medicare DRGs version 17.0 and the Australian Refined DRGs version 4.1 were reviewed to identify areas of possible impro-vement. Refined changes in the classification and result of date analyses were submitted to a panel of 48 physicians for their reviews and suggestions. The refinement was evaluated by the variance reduction in resource utilization achieved by the KDRG The database of 2,182,168 claims submitted to the Health Insurance Review Agency during 2002 was used for evaluation. As the result of the refinement, three new MDCs were introduced and the number of ADEGs increased from 332 to 674. Various age splits and two to four levels of severity classification for secondary diagnoses were introduced as well. A total of 1,817 groups were defined in the refined KDRGs. The variance reduction for charges of all patients increased from 48.2％ to 53.6％ by the refinement, and from 65.6％ to 73.1％ for non-outlier patients. The r-square for length of stays of all patients was increased from 28.3％ to 32.6％, and from 40.4％ to 44.9％ for non-outlier patients. These results indicated a significant improvement in the classification accuracy of the KDRG system.

• 한국건축시공학회지
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.101-108
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• 2007

Furnace slag powder used currently in Korea needs to add special functions in response to the increase of large-scale projects. In addition, it is advantageous in that it has a lower hydration heat emission rate than ordinary Portland cement and improves properties such as the inhibition of alkali aggregate reaction, watertightness, salt proofness, seawater resistance and chemical resistance. However, furnace slag powder is not self -hardening, and requires activators such as alkali for hydration. Accordingly, if recycled fine aggregate, from which calcium hydroxide is generated, and furnace slag, which requires alkali stimulation, are used together they play mutually complementary roles, so we expect to use the mixture as a resource-recycling construction material. Thus the present study purposed to examine the properties and characteristics of furnace slag powder and recycled aggregate, to manufacture recycled fine aggregate concrete using furnace slag and analyze its performance based on the results of an experiment, to provide materials on concrete using furnace slag as a cement additive and recycled fine aggregate as a substitute of aggregate, and ultimately to provide basic materials on the manufacturing of resource-recycled construction materials using binder and fine aggregate as recycled resources.

• 농촌지도와개발
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.209-221
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• 2001

The nature of work which is changing has increased the importance of HRD within organization. Also, these changes are making HRD shift its paradigm : from the segregated, closed, operational & administrative, dependent, utilitarian view to the integrative, open, strategic & facilitative, interdependent, generative view. The shifts of the perspective on HRD cause HRD professionals rethink the purpose and definition of HRD, and the role & competency needed to HRD in 21st century. The findings which are drawn through literature review and researcher’s intuition based on a long field experience are as follows. First, The function of HRD has recently been much more important then that of the past. Second, There is no consensus over the conceptual identity of HRD. Nonetheless, it is apparent that the preferred activities of the HRD function is performance improvement. Third, It is too difficult that we should define clearly the role & competency of HRD because of diverse perspectives on them. But we find much evidence converging to support the fact that the role & competency of HRD should be extended from the sole focus on training & development to adding the additional role & competency of change agent, who includes planning, implementing, and managing change.

• 자원ㆍ환경경제연구
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.349-371
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• 2000

Data Envelopment Analysis model is a linear programming based technique for measuring the relative performance of organizational units where the presence of multiple inputs and outputs makes comparison difficult. A common measure for relative efficiency is weighted sum of outputs divided by weighted sum of inputs. DEA model allows each unit to adopt a set of weight that shows it in the most favorable light in comparison to the other unit. In this paper, we present the mathematical background and characteristics of DEA model, and give a short case study where we apply the DEA model to evaluate the relative efficiencies of 51 global electricity companies. The technical efficiency and scale efficiency are also to be investigated. Generating capacity and the number of employees are used for input data, and revenue, net profit and electricity sales are used for output data. We find that the companies with 100% relative efficiency are only 9 among 51 electricity companies. And the technical and scale efficiency of KEPCO is 98.7% and 78.89%, respectively. This means that the inefficiency of KEPCO is caused by the scale inefficiency. The analysis shows that the employees should be decreased by 15% at minimum to get the 100% efficiency. The result suggests that KEPCO needs the structural reform to improve the efficiency.

• 자원ㆍ환경경제연구
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.345-375
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• 2002

The purpose of this paper is to measure the change of the production efficiency which may happen when environmental regulation incurs technological constraint in the process of production, and to compute the opportunity cost of pollution reduction with the lost products based on the change of efficiency. The patterns of production technoloy in the paper are divided into the technologies of strong disposability and weak disposabilty to grasp the effect of the technological constraint due to the environmental regulation. The endowment of the technolgical constraints in the process of production is considered to bring the greatest restriction on firm's production. When the environmental efficiencies of Korean regional manufactures were measured with linear programming model, the lost products related with the constraint of production technology that environmental regulation incurred, was average 148.1 billion dollar per year(5.87% of one year overall products) for total manufactures in 1991~1998. The ratio of the lost products for total products was spread from 0.78% to 1l.08%. The average lost products of 15 regions were changed from 4.66% to 18.35% of total products. Generally the environmental efficiency index of regional manufactures being decreased continuously since 1991, it is estimated that the environmental performance of Korean manufactures has been more and more deteriorating.