• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.54 no.4
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• pp.327-333
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• 2021

The two main hypotheses that explain why invasive alien plants successfully colonize new environments are: 1) invasive alien plants are functionally different from native plants in a community, and 2) the plants can adapt well to new environments because they are functionally similar to native plants. The present study investigated the functional traits of naturalized alien herbaceous plants and their native neighbors in a riparian park area near the Hapcheon-Changyeong weir along the Nakdong River to determine which of the two hypotheses applied to the study area. According to the results, leaf functional traits, such as leaf area, specific leaf area, leaf thickness, leaf dry matter content, leaf nitrogen content, and leaf carbon content differed between naturalized alien and native plants, which could be attributed to the higher leaf nitrogen contents in naturalized alien plants than in native plants. The high leaf nitrogen contents are associated with high photosynthetic rates, which lead to effective resource use and rapid growth; therefore, naturalized alien plants growing in the study area were considered to have such functional traits. The results of the present study support the hypothesis that the successful establishment of invasive alien plants is attributed to the functional trait differences between invasive and native plants.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.1-23
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• 2019

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to document the use of medicinal plants in traditional practices and to analyze and evaluate medicinal traditional knowledge of indigenous people in Wolchulsan National Park. Methods : Data were collected through interviews, informal meetings, open and group discussions, and observations guided by semi-structured questionnaires. Data were analyzed via quantitative analysis of use value (UV), informant consensus factor (ICF) and fidelity level (FL), and network analysis. Results : A total of 580 methods of usage recorded in this study were classified into 55 families, 95 genera, and 104 species. Plants with the highest recorded UVs were Glycine max (L.) Merr., Leonurus japonicus Houtt., and Artemisia princeps Pamp.. The informant consensus factor about using medicinal plants ranged from 0.55 to 0.92, which showed a high level of agreement among the informants on respiratory system disorders and pains. There were 22 species of plants with a fidelity level of 100 %, after eliminating the plants that were mentioned only once from the analysis. Finally, using network analysis, Glycine max (L.) Merr. and Artemisia princeps Pamp. were defined as species with meaningful medicinal use, while lumbago and leg pain were defined as significant ailments in the study area. Conclusions : This study highlights the diversity and importance of medicinal traditional knowledge for communities of Wolchulsan National Park, Korea. The results of this study will provide basic data for phytochemical and pharmaceutical studies, such as new medicines and therapies.

• Journal of People, Plants, and Environment
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.615-624
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• 2020

Background and objective: Urbanization caused a reduction in urban green space and a lack of community spaces. An attempt to solve these problems, urban gardens, have become popular and are currently being implemented in various downtown areas. However, urban gardens have some inadequate aspects from a visual or landscape perspective. The goal of this study was to examine the possibility of an aesthetic and productive garden space by introducing cultivation methods through the planting system design process. Methods: The design process using plants was classified and presented to suggest the importance of the landscape and aesthetic value. An urban garden space was designed according to the perspective of 'production scenery' and 'participation aesthetics'. According to the characteristics of the plant, urban gardens were divided into vertical type (corn, millet, sorghum), climbing type (kidney bean, cucumber, bitter gourd), and runner type (melon, watermelon, peanut). After classifying plants according to the shape of the root, the structure supporting climbing was installed and the crops were cultivated in an upright form with a tunnel. Results: In the designed cultivation, each crop cooperates, without invading each other's space. Compared with the conventional cultivation, there was little difference in production, and management was made more convenient since weed outbreaks were effectively suppressed while runner type crops cover over the land's surface. Since the positions of each crop are clearly distinguished, the aesthetic value is improved by offering a sense of rhythm with a balanced design. Conclusion: The results suggest that the cultivation methods through the plant system design process have aesthetic as well as productive value, and the design using plants, an infinite living resource, could lead to an expansion of the design field. Moreover, it would enable a sustainable symbiosis between industry and environment. There is potential for the design industry to make significant progress through collaboration with agriculture, horticulture, and landscape architecture.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.111 no.1
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• pp.1-18
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• 2022

In this study, the vascular plants of the Mt. Deokhangsan protected area were surveyed for the purpose of forest genetic resources conservation in Gangwon-do, South Korea. The flora on Mt. Deokhangsan were classified as follows 537 taxa, 90 families, 302 genera, 479 species, 4 subspecies, 51 varieties, and 3 forms. Among the taxa, 19 were Korean endemic plants and 17 were rare and endangered plants. Plants as indicators of limestone areas were found in 33 taxa. Naturalized plants were found in 27 taxa and species threatened by climate change were found in 33 taxa, including 11 endemic plant taxa and 22 northern plant taxa. Plants endemic to Korea and northern plants were mainly found at the study site, whereas southern plants were not found. Thus, Mt. Deokhangsan apparently has an environment suitable for the growth of northern plants.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.733-752
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• 2010

This study applies the Luenberger indicator approach to estimate productivity of the Korean fossil-fueled power plants. A panel data set of 25 power plants was used. The method incorporates $CO_2$ emission as an undesirable output and shows that ignoring $CO_2$ emission overestimates the productivity change. There are two sources of overestimation. First, the usual method estimates productivity change ignoring the increase in $CO_2$ emission that occurred during the study period. Second, the productivity change estimated by the usual method that does not incorporate $CO_2$ emission is very sensitively affected by the change in operation rate. The paper decomposes the productivity change into the efficiency change and the technical change. The results show that the two sources contribute to the productivity change almost equally. It is also shown that the size and the pattern of productivity change are dependent on the plants' fuel types. Non-LNG power plants which saved their energy consumption and thereby reduced their $CO_2$ emission have achieved relatively high rate of productivity improvement.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.223-239
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• 2005

The vascular plants collected from Dongwol Valley in Mt. Gyeryongsan, national park were composed of all 248 taxa including cultivated species, and classified into 1 phylum, 4 classes, 3 subclasses, 34 orders, 84 families, 178 species, 33 varieties and 4 forms. As compared the flora of the commonly distributing species of this region with those of the southern part, the middle part, the northern part of the Korean Peninsula, Jeju-do Island and Ulreung-do Island, the proportion of them were $90.3\%,\;98.0\%,\;79.0\%,\;73.8\%$ and $62.1\%$, respectively. One taxon of the plants distributed only in the southern part, 3 taxa of those in the middle part, 5 taxa of those in the middle-northern part and 23 taxa of those in the middle-southern part were found in this Valley. Natural resource plants were categorized into edible 118 taxa, medicinal 78 taxa, industrial 46 taxa, ornamental 39 taxa, timber 14 taxa and fiber 9 taxa. Four taxa of the Korean endemic plants are distributed in Dongwol Valley. The vegetation of the valley is Quercus and Rhododendron mixed forest, and it belongs to the boundary between the middle part and the southern part in the floral zone of the Korean Peninsula.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.645-668
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• 2022

Hydrogen energy is emerging as an important means of carbon neutrality in the various sectors including power, transportation, storage, and industrial processes. Fuel cell power plants are the fastest spreading in the hydrogen ecosystem and are one of the key power sources among means of implementing carbon neutrality in 2050. However, high volatility in system marginal price (SMP) and renewable energy certificate (REC) prices, which affect the profits of fuel cell power plants, delay the investment timing and deployment. This study applied the real option methodology to analyze how the dual uncertainties in both SMP and REC prices affect the investment trigger price level in the irreversible investment decision of fuel cell power plants. The analysis is summarized into the following three. First, under the current Renewable Portfolio Standard (RPS), dual price uncertainties passed on to plant owners has significantly increased the investment trigger price relative to one under the deterministic price case. Second, reducing the volatility of REC price by half of the current level caused a significant drop in investment trigger prices and its investment trigger price is similar to one caused by offering one additional REC multiplier. Third, investment trigger price based on gray hydrogen and green hydrogen were analyzed along with the existing byproduct hydrogen-based fuel cells, and in the case of gray hydrogen, economic feasibility were narrowed significantly with green hydrogen when carbon costs were applied. The results of this study suggest that the current RPS system works as an obstacle to the deployment of fuel cell power plants, and policy that provides more stable revenue to plants is needed to build a more cost-effective and stable hydrogen ecosystem.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.316-321
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• 2005

A total of ninety six pigs ($L{\times}Y{\times}D$, 20.92(2.13kg average initial body weight) were used in a 16-week performance growth assay to determine the effect of supplemental medicinal plane (Artemisia, Acanthopanax and Garlic) on growth performance, IGF-1 of serum and carcass characteristics in finishing pigs. The dietary treatments were included 1) CON (basal diet; Control), 2) MP1 (basal diet added $0.02\%$ of medicinal plant mixtures), 3) MP2 (basal diet added $0.04\%$ of medicinal plant mixtures) and 4) MP3 (basal diet added $0.06\%$ of medicinal plant mixtures). Through entire experimental period, as medicinal plants mixture (MP) increased, there was a decrease (linear, P<0.08) in average daily feed intake and an increase (linear, P<0.02; quadratic, P<0.08) in gain/feed. The backfat thickness tended to decrease in pigs fed MP diet compared to pigs fed CON diet (linear, P<0.09; quadratic, P<0.01). Increasing medicinal plane mixture tended to increase in IGF-1 content in serum (linear, P<0.09). The hunter $a^{*}$ (redness) (linear, P<0.01) and $b^{*}$ (yellowness) (linear, P<0.02) values of longissimus muscle were affected by the dietary MP treatments. The color of longissimus muscle was higher in the dietary MP treatments than that of the muscle in the control diet (linear, P<0.03). In conclusion, the result obtained from this feeding triad suggest that the medicinal plants mixture supplementation below $0.06\%$ in diets for growing-finishing pigs can be improved growth performance, IGF-1 and meat quality.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.576-587
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• 2014

The purpose of this research is to classify various plants written in the Korean Buddhist scriptures and assign scientific name to them in accordance with the Hangul Tripitaca as standard scriptures, thereby establishing the foundation of the plants in Buddhist scriptures. As a natural resource, we also assessed the value of the plants written in the Buddhist scriptures that distributed from other countries. To this end, we inferred the route of introduction to Korea of the plants and investigated their function and usage. Taxonomic classification of the plants written in Buddhist scriptures identified a total of 331 taxa belonging to 107 families, 244 genera, 313 species, 1 subspecies, 16 varieties, 1 forms. Species composition of the 331 taxa of plants consisted of two taxa of pteridophyte, 15 taxa of gymnosperm, 261 taxa of dicotyledon, and 53 taxa of monocotyledon. Among them, 183 and 148 were woody and herbaceous plants, respectively. Analysis of the distribution of 331 kinds of plants that India's portion of origin of place is 8.9% which holds a low rank compared with those of Korea (10.5%), China (10.9%), and Japan (10.0%). This explains why many taxa of plants distributed from the three countries appeared in the Hangul Tripitaca. Accordingly, we hypothesized that the majority of the plants were added and replaced at some point in past while Buddhist scriptures were propagated from India to China and from China to Korea. Our analysis indicated that 119 out of the 331 taxa (36 %) were distributed from Korea.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.178-192
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• 2015

This study was carried out to investigate the vascular plants of Neunggyeong-bong, Gangwond-do, South Korea. The vascular plants that were collected 7 times from 2008 and 2013 consisted a total of 440 taxa; 75 families, 261 genera, 383 species, 4 subspecies, 48 varieties and 5 forms. Among them, 15 taxa of Korean endemic plants and 11 taxa of rare and endangered plants were included. The floristic regional indicator plants found in this area were 11 taxa of grade IV, 22 taxa of grade III. Naturalized plants consisted of 29 taxa that made up 6.6% of the total vascular plants in this area. Medicinal plants of the Korean Pharmacopoeia and Korean Herbal Pharmacopoeia distributed in this area consisted of 60 taxa.