• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.31-52
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• 2012

Although political uncertainty exists between China and Taiwan, the two countries have been expanding their economic exchange since the 1980s. That economic exchange is not limited to trade, and its investment segment is constantly expanding. The investment was one-sided by Taiwan in the past, but since a change in policy by the Taiwan government in 2009, Chinese capital is able to flow into Taiwan for direct investment. These kinds of policy changes related to investment between the two countries require follow-up actions such as profit protection for investors, elimination of investment limitations, simplification of investment procedures, and establishment of an investment dispute resolution system. The main topic of this study is the resolution mechanism for investment disputes between China and Taiwan. At present, an individual investment dispute between two countries is settled according to each country's own regulations for dispute resolution. However, these two countries have not prepared dispute resolution regulations related to cases of investment disputes between Chinese or Taiwanese investors and the Chinese or Taiwanese government, or between the Chinese government and the Taiwanese government. Moreover, they do not have any agreements related to investment disputes. Therefore, in this paper, I enumerate the regulations related to investment dispute resolution between China and Taiwan, and then I point out the problems and suggest solutions for improvement. Also, through this study, I would like to contribute to establishing and implementing an investment dispute resolution mechanism between South Korea and North Korea.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.33-38
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• 2018

Although deep neural network-based acoustic models have greatly improved the performance of automatic speech recognition (ASR), reverberation still degrades the performance of distant speech recognition in indoor environments. In this paper, we adopt the DenseNet, which has shown great performance results in image classification tasks, to improve the performance of reverberant speech recognition. The DenseNet enables the deep convolutional neural network (CNN) to be effectively trained by concatenating feature maps in each convolutional layer. In addition, we extend the concept of multi-resolution CNN to multi-resolution DenseNet for robust speech recognition in reverberant environments. We evaluate the performance of reverberant speech recognition on the single-channel ASR task in reverberant voice enhancement and recognition benchmark (REVERB) challenge 2014. According to the experimental results, the DenseNet-based acoustic models show better performance than do the conventional CNN-based ones, and the multi-resolution DenseNet provides additional performance improvement.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2008년도 춘계학술대회논문집
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• pp.876-878
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• 2008

The standards of acceptable limit and compensation is one of the most important things in environmental noise and vibration disputes resolution. In this paper, review on the present acceptable limit level and compensation standard in National Environmental Dispute Resolution Commission is introduced. Discordance of standards between in the regulation law and in the dispute resolution commission and it's improvement are discussed. Abnormal reasoning for compensation standards is pointed out from a author's private view.

• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.199-217
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• 2009

During the urbanization progresses, apartments such as the house of commons, representing our homes are situated in space. However, many consumer problems of our country's apartment house are caused by the government's failure of housing policy and consumer dispute resolution system In this study, apartment house and alleviate consumer disputes relating to in proactive ways to improve the government's housing policy was presented. At the same time, since the revision of Consumer Fundamental Act on collective alternative dispute resolution system has proposed scheme, this occurred after a dispute to resolve the dispute can be more efficient ways.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.257-266
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• 2008

This study presents an approach to synthesize multispectral images at a higher resolution by exploiting a high-resolution image acquired in panchromatic modality. The synthesized images should be similar to the multispectral images that would have been observed by the corresponding sensor at the same high resolution. The proposed scheme is designed to reconstruct the multispectral images at the higher resolution with as less color distortion as possible. It uses a regression model of the second order to fit panchromatic data to multispectral observations. Based on the regression model, the multispectral images at the higher spatial resolution of the panchromatic image are optimized by a quadratic programming. In this study, the new method was applied to the IKONOS 1m panchromatic and 4m multispectral data, and the results were compared with them of several current approaches. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed scheme can achieve significant improvement over other methods.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.525-533
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• 2008

This study presents a pansharpening method, so called FitPAN, to synthesize multispectral images at a higher resolution by exploiting a high-resolution image acquired in panchromatic modality. FitPAN is a modified version of the quadratic programming approach proposed in (Lee, 2008), which is designed to generate synthesized multispectral images similar to the multispectral images that would have been observed by the corresponding sensor at the same high resolution. The proposed scheme aims at reconstructing the multispectral images at the higher resolution with as less spectral distortion as possible. This study also proposes a sharpening process to eliminate some distortions appeared in the fused image of the higher resolution. It employs the Point-Jacobian MAP iteration utilizing the contextual information of the original panchromatic image. In this study, the new method was applied to the IKONOS 1m panchromatic and 4m multispectral data, and the results were compared with them of several current approaches. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed scheme can achieve significant improvement in both spectral and block distortion.

• 초등상담연구
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.133-151
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• 2012

본 연구는 초등학생의 갈등해결 프로그램을 구안하고 심리적 안녕감, 공감 및 공격성에 미치는 효과를 검증하는 데 그 목적이 있다. 이를 위하여 Teolis(2002)의 초등학생용 갈등해결 활동들 중에서 일부를 발췌하여 우리나라 실정에 맞게 부분 수정 보완하여 총 15회기로 구성한 갈등해결 프로그램을 구안하였다. 초등학교 4학년 두 학급을 선정하여 사전-사후검사 통제집단 설계를 적용하여 10주에 걸쳐 주 1~2회(1회 40~50분) 갈등해결 프로그램을 실시하였다. 측정도구로는 타당성과 신뢰성이 있는 기존의 심리적 안녕감 척도, 공감 척도, 공격성 척도를 사용하였으며, 자료분석은 반복측정식 다분산분석 방식을 사용하였다. 분석결과, 갈등해결 프로그램은 심리적 안녕감과 공감 수준을 향상시키고 공격성 수준을 감소시키는 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국광학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국광학회 1997년도 Advance Program of 14th optics andquantum Electronics conference, 1997제14 회 광학 및 양자전자 학술 발표회 논문 요약집
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• pp.64-64
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• 1997

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.152-160
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• 1998

목 적 : 소아 신부전의 원인이 되는 방광요관역류는, 경한 경우는 자연완해되는 경우가 많으나, 심한 경우는 수술을 요한다. 그러나 중등도인 경우에는 애매한 경우가 많기 때문에, 예방적 항생제요법을 받은 방광요관역류 환아에서 완해에 영향을 미치는 인자들을 조사하여 그 예후 평가에 이용하고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 1992년 1월부터 1996년 12월까지 본원 소아과에 내원하여 방광요관역류로 진단된 32례(49신단위)를 대상으로, 완해(resolution), 호전(improvement), 무변화(unchanged) 및 악화(worsened)의 4 부류로 나누어 분석하였다. 결 과 : 1) 남녀비는 3.5:1 이었고, 진단시 평균연령은 $24.6{\pm}11.4$개월이었다. 2) 총 역류갯수는 49신단위로 1개월 이하, 1개월-1세, 1세-6세, 6세 이상이 각각 4, 21, 16, 8 신단위였다. 3) 역류의 정도는 Grade I, II, III, IV, V 각각 2, 16, 17, 12, 2 신단위였다. 4) 완해를 보인 것은 총 24 신단위였고, grade별로는 각각 100, 81, 47, 8, 0$\%$로 grade가 낮을수록 완해율이 높았다. 호전을 보인 것은 총 12신단위였고, grade별로는 각각 0, 6, 24, 42, 100$\%$였다. Grade III, IV에서 완해+호전율은 각각 71, 50$\%$를 보였다. 5) 연령별로 완해율은 1개월이하, 1개월-1세, 1세-6세, 6세이상에서 각각 100, 48, 56, 13$\%$로 어릴수록 완해율이 높았다. 6) 일측성 역류 15신단위중 완해율은 14신단위($93\%$)였고, 양측성 34신단위중 11($32\%$)로 일측성의 경우에서 완해율이 높았고,완해+호전율도 각각 100, $65\%$로 일측성인 경우가 의의있게 높았다. 7) 완해를 보인 24신단위중 정기적으로 추적관찰된 20신단위에서 완해기간은 모두 1년이내였다. 호전을 보인 12신단위중 10신단위에서 호전 기간은 6개월에서 2년2개월 소요되었다. 8) 임상증상이나 경과에 변화가 없거나 악화된 경우는 13신단위로 이중 4신단위에서 수술이 시행되었다. 결 론 : 역류의 정도가 약할수록, 양측성인 경우보다 일측성에서, 그리고 나이가 어릴수록 완해율이 높았고, Grade III, IV인 경우에도 약물치료로 완해$\cdot$호전되는 율이 높기 때문에 추적관찰이 필요하다.

• 대한원격탐사학회지
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.587-607
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• 2020

Soil moisture is essential information for meteorological and hydrological analyses. To date, many efforts have been made to achieve the two goals for soil moisture data, i.e., the improvement of accuracy and resolution, which is very challenging. We presented an ensemble downscaling method for quality improvement of gridded soil moisture data in terms of the accuracy and the spatial resolution by the integration of BMA (Bayesian model averaging) and ATPRK (area-to-point regression kriging). In the experiments, the BMA ensemble showed a 22% better accuracy than the data sets from ESA CCI (European Space Agency-Climate Change Initiative), ERA5 (ECMWF Reanalysis 5), and GLDAS (Global Land Data Assimilation System) in terms of RMSE (root mean square error). Also, the ATPRK downscaling could enhance the spatial resolution from 0.25° to 0.05° while preserving the improved accuracy and the spatial pattern of the BMA ensemble, without under- or over-estimation. The quality-improved data sets can contribute to a variety of local and regional applications related to soil moisture, such as agriculture, forest, hydrology, and meteorology. Because the ensemble downscaling method can be applied to the other land surface variables such as temperature, humidity, precipitation, and evapotranspiration, it can be a viable option to complement the accuracy and the spatial resolution of satellite images and numerical models.