• 약학회지
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• 제46권4호
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• pp.290-294
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• 2002

Cephradine is an orally absorbed cephalosporin with a broad spectrum of activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and is highly resistant to beta-lactamase degradation. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the bioequivalence of two cephradine capules, Cephradine capsule (Donggu Pharmaceutical Co., reference drug) and Cephradine capsule (Shinpoong Pharmaceutical Co., test drug), according to the guidelines of Korea Food and Drug Administration. Twenty-six normal volunteers, 24.6 $\pm$ 3.70 years in age and 62.4 $\pm$ 8.99 kg in body weight, were divided into two groups and a randomized 2 $\times$ 2 cross-over study was employed. After one capsule containing 250 mg of cephrdine was orally administered, blood was taken at predetermined time intervals and the concentrations of cephrdine in serum were determined using HPLC with UV detector. The pharmacokinetic parameters such as AU $C_{t}$ to $C_{max}$ and $T_{max}$ were calculated and ANOVA test was utilized for the statistical analysis of the parameters. The results showed that the differences in AUCt, $C_{max}$ and $T_{max}$ between two products were 2.89％, 1.05％ and 1.06％, respectively, when calculated against the reference drug. The 90％ confidence intervals were within log0.8 $\leq$ $\delta$ $\leq$ log1.25 (e.g., log0.9803 $\leq$ $\delta$ $\leq$ log1.0734 and log0.9674 $\leq$ $\delta$ $\leq$ log1.220 for AU $C_{t}$, and $C_{max}$, respectively). Two parameters met the criteria of KFDA for bioequivalence, indicating that Cephradine capsules (Shinpoong Pharmaceutical Co.) is bioequivalent to Cephradine capsules (Donggu Pharmaceutical Co.).o.).o.).).o.).

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.233-240
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• 2014

Salmonella spp. are one of the most common bacteria that causes heavy losses in swine industry and have implications for public health. In this study, the correlation between Salmonella seroprev-alence on farms and the isolation rate from slaughtered pigs was analyzed and the antimicrobial resistance of the isolated Salmonella spp. was investigated. A total of 3,001 serum samples for ELISA were collected from 17 farms during two consecutive years (2012-2013). The mean values of ELISA OD% for each 8 age groups were as follows; gilt 27.83 (n=472), sow 23.75 (n=367), 150 days (d) of pig 16.53 (n=278), 130 d 11.87 (n=366), 100 d 9.46 (n=378), 20 d 9.17 (n=394), 70 d 6.56 (n=382), 40 d 3.72 (n=364). From July 2013 to January 2014, a total of 53 (8.0%) Salmonella strains were isolated from 665 slaughtered pigs shipped from those 17 farms. The mean values of ELISA OD% for each age groups serum samples that were collected in the second half of 2013 showed a positive correlation at 100 d (0.61, P<0.05), 130 d (0.45, P<0.1) with the isolation rate of Salmonella spp. in the slaughtered pigs. All the isolates were identified by a real-time PCR and tested for antimicrobial susceptibility. As a result, the predominant serovar was S. Typhimurium (52.8%) and there were 15 strains showing their own antimicrobial resistance pattern. All strains were susceptible to amoxicillin, cefepime, ciprofloxacin and some of them were resistant to streptomycin and tetracycline (60%), ampicillin (53.3%), chloramphenicol (33.3%), respectively.

• 한국양식학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.9-15
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• 1997

여천군 가막만에서 해산어류의 어병발생은 20^{\circ}C$이상인 시기에 집중적으로 발생하였다. 어종별 병원성생물은 넙치가 Vibrio sp., Edwardsiella sp., Streptococcus sp., Vibrio+Edwardsiella sp., Streptococcus sp.+Microcotyle sp,+Caligus sp. 및 Trichodina sp.에 감염, 조피볼락은 원인 불명 (선회병; 원인생물은 포도상구균으로 1994년에 동정함), 림포시스티스증, , Vibro+Microcotyle sp. 및 Streptococcus sp.+Micrococcus sp.에 감염, 농어는 림포시스티스증, Vibro sp., Vibro+Streptococcus sp. 및 Streptococcus sp.+Microcotyle sp.+Caligus sp.에 감염, 참돔은 Edwardsiella sp.에 각각 감염되었다. 조사지점 7개소 중 1, 5 및 6번 가두리 양식장은 20^{\circ}C$이상인 6월부터 10월까지 연속적으로 어병이 발생하였다. 약제감수성시험에서 Vibrio sp. (KS-9303)는 옥시테트라사이크린, 클로람페니콜, Edwardsiella sp. (KP-9315)는 옥시테트라사이클린, Flaxibacter sp. (KP-9318)는 옥시테트라사이클린, 옥소린산 및 클로람페니콜, 그리고 Streptococcus sp. (KP-9319)는 에리스로마이신, 옥시테트라사이클린 및 클로람페니콜 순으로 감수성이 나타났다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제20권5호
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• pp.676-682
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• 2010

본 연구는 임상검체만이 아닌 주변 생활환경에도 광범위 베타 락탐분해효소를 생성하는 균주(extended-spectrum $\beta$-lactamase, ESBL)가 존재하는지를 확인하고 만약 존재할 경우 그 균주를 분리하고 ESBL유형을 알아보기 위하여 실시되었다. 부산 광안리 하수처리 방류수에서 이중 디스크 확산 검사 결과 양성반응을 나타낸 29균주를 선별하였다. 이중 sodium azide에 내성을 가진 피전달 균주인 Escherichia coli J5에 교차접합이 이루어진 15균주를 대상으로 indole, methyl-red, Voges-Proskauer, Simmon's citrate 시험과 decarboxylase-dihydrolase 및 여러 종류의 당 발효 시험 등 생화학 검사를 실시한 결과 Klebsiella pneumoniae(13균주)와 Escherichia coli(2균주)가 동정되었다. 등전점, PCR, 유전자서열 분석을 실시하여 ESBL 유형을 결정하였다. Klebsiella pneumoniae의 ESBL 생성유형은 SHV-12(4균주)와 SHV-12/TEM-1(9균주)의 2종류로 구분되었고, Escherichia coli의 ESBL 생성유형은 TEM-1(2균주)로 판명되었다.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.91-97
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• 2002

Enteroaggregative E. coil (EAEC) is an important aethiological causal agent of diarrhea in people of developed and undeveloped countries. Different in vitro and in vivo models have been proposed to study the pathdgenic and immune mechanisms of EAEC infaction. The aim of this study was to analyze whether BALB/c mice could be used as an animal model to study EAEC pathogenesis Six-week-old BALB/c mice were inoculated with EAEC strain 042 (044:H88) nalidixic acid resistant, and re-inoc-ulated ten days after. Mice feces were monitored for the presence of the EAEC strain over a period of 20 days . Bacteria were enumerated on MacConkey agar containing 100$\mu$g of nalidixic acid per ml. Results showed that 35% of the animals were colonized for 3 days, 15% for 5 and 10% for more than 7 days . After re-inoculation only 16% of the animals remained colonized for more than 3 days. During the necropsy, the intestinal fluid of same of the infected animals presented mucus and blood. Six of these fluids showed the presence of IgA antibodies againset Pet toxin and IgG natibodies raised against the toxin were also detected in the animal serum. Histopathologic evidence confirms the stimulation of mucus hypersecretion, an increased amount of goblet cells and the presence of bacterial aggregates in the apical surfaces of intestinal epithelial cells. Edema was present in the submucosa. These results suggest that BALB/c mice could be used as an animal model for in vivo study of EAEC infection.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.9-16
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• 1987

분리한 살리실산 자화세균 중 플라스미드블 갖는 세 균주를 션별하였다. 세 균주, KU801(pKUs, pKUS) , KUS03(pKU6 pKU9), KUS06(pKU7, pKU10)는 각각 두 개씩의 플라스미드플 가지고 있음이 전기갱동에 의해 밝혀졌고, Pseudomoηas putida로 동정되었다. 세 문주들은 모두 암피실린, 터l트라사이클린, 클로람페니콜등의 항생제에 대하여 내성을 지니며, 조사 된 방화족과 지방족 탄화수소들 중 삼리실산과 그의 중간 대사물인 카터1콜만을 이용하있다. 큰 분자량의 플라스비드(pKUS, p pKU6, pKU7)는 마이로마이신 C로 처리하였을때 큐어되며 그 빈도는 각각 0.40%, l,67%, 0.7S% 이었다. 큐어된 균주는 상리실산을 분해하지 못하였으나, 여전히 야생균주와 동일한 항생제 내성을 가지고 있었다. 살리실산 분해에 관여하는 유전자가 그들 플라스미드에 있는 것으로 판명되었다. pKU5와 pKU6의 분자량은 103, SMd, pKU7의 분자량은 101Md으로 측정되었다. SAL 플라스미드인 pKU5, pKU6, pKU7은 접합에 의해 P.putida와 P.aeruginosa로는 전달되었으나, E. coli에서는 발현되지 아니하였다.

• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.19-22
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• 1998

Cefixime is an orally absorbed 3rd generation cephalosporin with a broad spectrum of activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and is highly resistant to $\beta-lactamase$ degradation. This study was carried out to evaluate the bioavailability of a new test drug of cefixime (100 mg/capsule) relative to the reference drug. The bioavailability was conducted on 20 healthy volunteers who received a single dose (400 mg) of the test and the reference drugs in the fasting state, in a randomized balanced 2-way crossover design. After dosing, serial blood samples were collected for a period of 12 hours. Plasma was analyzed for cefixime by a sensitive and validated HPLC assay. The major pharmacokinetic parameters $(AUC_{0-12hr},\;C_{max},\;T_{max})$ were calculated from the plasma concentration-time data of each volunteer. The $AUC_{0-12hr},\;C_{max}\;and\;T_{max}$ of the test drug were $36.91\pm11.85\;{\mu}g{\cdot}hr/ml,\;5.47\pm1.61\;{\mu}g/ml,\;and\;4.00\pm0.65\;hr,$ respectively, and those of the reference drug were $34.08\pm8.81\;{\mu}g{\cdot}hr/ml,\;5.25\pm1.40\;{\mu}g/ml,\;and\;4.20\pm0.62\;hr$, respectively. Mean differences of those parameters were 8.32, 4.29, and $4.76\%$, respectively, and the least significant differences at $\alpha$=0.05 for $AUC_{0-12hr},\;C_{max},\;T_{max}$ were 16.02, 13.78, and $11.76\%$, respectively. In conclusion, the test drug was bioequivalent with the reference drug.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제27권9호
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• pp.1586-1592
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• 2017

Some promoters were isolated and characterized from the genome of Leuconostoc mesenteroides SY2, an isolate from kimchi, a Korean traditional fermented vegetable. Chromosomal DNA of L. mesenteroides SY2 was digested with Sau3AI and ligated with BamHI-cut pBV5030, a promoter screening vector containing a promoterless cat-86. Among E. coli transformants (TFs) resistant against Cm (chloramphenicol), 17 were able to grow in the presence of $1,000{\mu}g/ml$ Cm and their inserts were sequenced. Transcription start sites were examined for three putative promoters (P04C, P25C, and P33C) by primer extension. Four putative promoters were inserted upstream of a promoterless ${\alpha}$-amylase reporter gene in $pJY15{\alpha}$. ${\alpha}$-Amylase activities of E. coli TFs containing $pJY15{\alpha}$ (control, no promoter), $pJY03{\alpha}$ ($pJY15{\alpha}$ with P03C), $pJY04{\alpha}$ (with P04C), $pJY25{\alpha}$ (with P25C), and $pJY33{\alpha}$ (with P33C) were 66.9, 78.7, 122.1, 70.8, and 99.3 U, respectively. Cells harboring $pJY04{\alpha}$ showed 1.8 times higher activity than the control. Some promoters characterized in this study might be useful for construction of food-grade expression vectors for Leuconostoc sp. and related lactic acid bacteria.

• Journal of Species Research
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.85-104
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• 2020

In 2019, after a comprehensive investigation of indigenous prokaryotic species in Korea, a total of 12 bacterial strains assigned to the phylum Proteobacteria were isolated from soil. With the high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (>98.8%) and formation of a robust phylogenetic clade with the closest species, it was determined that each strain belonged to independent, predefined bacterial species. This study identified two species in the family Burkholderiaceae, one species in the family Comamonadaceae, two species in the family Oxalobacteraceae, one species in the family Micrococcaceae, one species in the family Bradyrhizobiaceae, one species in the family Methylobacteriaceae, one species in the family Rhizobiaceae, one species in the family Rhodocyclaceae, and one species in the family Sphingomonadaceae. There is no official report about these 12 species in Korea, so are described as unreported bacterial species in Korea in this study. Gram reaction, basic biochemical characteristics, colony, and cell morphology are also described in the species description section.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.543-547
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• 2007

본 연구에서는 원유와 사일리지, 전통발효식품 등으로부터 유방염 원인균에 대한 항균성을 가지는 유산균을 분리하였고, 이들 중 원유에서는 79, 91-3 균주와 전통발효식품에서는 SA131, NK24, NK34, 32, 44-1 균주, 사일리지에서는 253, 261, 262, 263, 265 균주, 닭분변에서 B32, C23 균주에서 유방염 원인균에 대한 비교적 높은 항균력을 확인할 수 있었다. 이를 통해 새로운 항생제 대체물질의 가능성을 확인할 수 있었다.