• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제63권3호
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• pp.358-365
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• 2020

To describe how to perform urological evaluation in children with tethered cord syndrome (TCS). Although a common manifestation of TCS is the development of neurogenic bladder in developing children, neurosurgeons often face difficulty in detecting urological problems in patients with TCS. From a urological perspective, diagnosis of TCS in developing children is further complicated due to the differentiation between neurogenic bladder dysfunctions and transient bladder dysfunctions owing to developmental problems. Due to the paucity of evidence regarding evaluation prior to and after untethering, I have shown the purpose and tools for evaluation in my own practice. This may be tailored to the types of neurogenic bladder, developmental status, and risks for deterioration. While the urodynamic study (UDS) is the gold standard test for understanding bladder function, it is not a panacea in revealing the nature of bladder dysfunction. In addition, clinicians should consider the influence of developmental processes on bladder function. Before untethering, UDS should reveal synergic urethral movement, which indicates an intact sacral reflex and lack of TCS. Postoperatively, the measurement of post-void residual urine volume is a key factor for the evaluation of spontaneous voiders. In case of elevation, fecal impaction, which is common in spinal dysraphism, should be addressed. In patients with clean intermittent catheterization, the frequency-volume chart should be monitored to assess the storage function of the bladder. Toilet training is an important sign of maturation, and its achievement should be monitored. Signs of bladder deterioration should be acknowledged, and follow-up schedule should be tailored to prevent upper urinary tract damage and also to determine an adequate timing for intervention. Neurosurgeons should be aware of urological problems related to TCS as well as urologists. Cooperation and regular discussion between the two disciplines could enhance the quality of patient care. Accumulation of experience will improve follow-up strategies.

• 터널과지하공간
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• 제28권5호
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• pp.493-511
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• 2018

본 논문에서는 그라운드 앵커의 긴장력 손실에 대응하고자 긴장력 상시확인을 위한 앵커 긴장력 상시 육안확인장치에 대한 내용을 다루었다. 그라운드 앵커는 사회적 인프라 시설의 안정성을 확보하기 위해 시공되었지만 지속적인 긴장력 손실로 인해 시설물에 대한 안전이 심각하게 우려되고 있는 실정이다. 이에 앵커의 유지관리가 요구되지만 현재 잔존긴장력의 계측은 경제적인 측면을 고려하여 표본조사로 이루어지고 있어 정밀도에 대한 한계점을 지니고 있다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 앵커의 긴장력을 육안으로 확인할 수 있는 앵커 긴장력 상시 육안확인장치의 개발을 목적으로 개념설계, 실내 인장실험을 통한 규격화를 수행하였으며, 현장시험을 통해 성능을 확인하였다.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제29권8호
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• pp.891-898
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• 2005

Inertia welding is a solid-state welding process in which butt welds in materials are made in bar and in ring form at the joint race, and energy required lot welding is obtained from a rotating flywheel. The stored energy is converted to frictional heat at the interface under axial load. The quality of the welded joint depends on many parameters, including axial force, initial revolution speed and energy amount of upset. working time, and residual stresses in the joint. Inertia welding was conducted to make the large exhaust valve spindle for low speed marine diesel engine. superalloy Nimonic 80A for valve head of 540mm and high alloy SNCrW for valve stem of 115mm. Due to different material characteristics such as, thermal conductivity and flow stress. on the two sides of the weld interface, modeling is crucial in determining the optimal weld geometry and Parameters. FE simulation was performed by the commercial code DEFORM-2D. A good agreement between the Predicted and actual welded shape is observed. It is expected that modeling will significantly reduce the number of experimental trials needed to determine the weld parameters. especially for welds for which are very expensive materials or large shaft. Many kinds of tests, including macro and microstructure observation, chemical composition tensile , hardness and fatigue test , are conducted to evaluate the qualify of welded joints. Based on the results of the tests it can be concluded that the inertia welding joints of the superalloy exhaust valve spindle are better properties than the material specification of SNCrW.

• 한국강구조학회 논문집
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• 제9권2호통권31호
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• pp.193-204
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• 1997

본 연구에서는 먼저 강한 지진하중에 의해 발생되는 구조물의 파괴와 관련되어 있는 중요한 물리적 인자들의 상호관계를 정량화하기 위하여 반복하중을 받는 구조성분들에 대한 소성피로 문제에 대해서 검토하였으며, 강한 지진과 같은 극심한 반복하중하에서 구조성분들에 대한 극저사이클 피로파괴의 새로운 개념이 도입되었다. 또한 강구조물 요소에 대한 극저사이클 피로파괴 실험을 실시하였다. 실험은 수회에서 20회사이의 반복하중재하 과정에서 궁극적인 파괴를 실현하기 위하여 시도 되었다. 시험체는 H형강의 플랜지 단면처럼 강부재내의 않은 평판요소를 의미하는 직사각형 평판을 사용하였다. 이 시험체에는 비탄성좌굴, 소성신장 또는 이들 2가지의 조합이 발생한 후 부재가 완전히 파괴에 이를때까지 축방향 반복하중을 가하였다. 그 결과 극저사이클 피로하중에 의한 극한파괴상태는 구조요소단면 최외단에서의 최대변형율과 밀접하게 관련되어 있슴을 알 수 있었다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.409-417
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• 1984

In the early days of open heart surgery, acute respiratory failure following extracorporeal circulation was a significant deterrent to an uncomplicated recovery. Although a marked improvement in prevention and treatment of postoperative respiratory failure has been achieved, the problem has not been completely eliminated and continues to be a causative factor in morbidity and mortality Fates following open heart surgery. We have attempted to evaluate postoperative respiratory failure in patients undergoing cardiac operation with the aid of extracorporeal circulation. Our series comprised 92 patients who underwent elective open heart surgery at the Department of Thoracic and Cariodvascular Surgery, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, from January, 1980 to December, 1982. In our study, the overall incidence of acute respiratory failure following open heart surgery was 18.8 percent. The duration of extracorporeal circulation in a series of 18 patients who developed postoperative respiratory failure [Group B] was longer in the mean value [120.3 minutes] than the uncomplicated 74 patients [Group A] [85.8 minutes]. The duration of artificial ventilation after open heart surgery in Group A averaged 13.4 hours as contrasted with 76.5 hours in Group B. In Group B, the inspired oxygen concentration [FiO2] in artificial ventilation was continued in the higher level than Group A until 18 hours after operation. Upon pulmonary function test performed pre-and postoperatively, residual volume[RV], RV/TLC and FEV 1.0/FVC were remained essentially unchanged following extracorporeal circulation, whereas forced vital capacity [FVC], FEV 1.0 and FEF 25-75% were significantly decreased in the early postoperative days. The incidence of acute respiratory failure was significantly higher in a series of patients who developed postoperative complications, such as re- exploration due to massive bleeding, low cardiac output, acute renal failure and arrhythmias. A total of 9 patients died, giving an overall mortality was 33.3 percent whereas the mortality was only 1.1 percent for patients without respiratory failure.

• 농약과학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.336-341
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• 2014

국내에서 생산되는 과일 중 농약의 잔류특성과 인체에 미치는 영향을 파악하기 위하여 2010년 사과, 복숭아, 배, 포도, 감귤에 대한 농약잔류 모니터링을 수행한 후 잔류농약의 검출량과 위해성지수를 이용하여 안전성을 평가하였다. 시료는 2-5지역의 주산단지에서 채취하였으며, 시료 중 잔류농약을 LC/MS/MS를 이용하여 분석하였다. 사과의 경우 acetamiprid 등 18종의 농약성분이 검출되었고 총 위해지수가 0.55로 위해우려 수준은 아니었으나 조사한 과일 중 가장 높았다. 감귤의 경우는 carbendazim 등 17종의 농약성분이 검출되었으며, 위해지수는 0.37이었다. 복숭아, 포도 및 배는 각각 12, 10, 8종의 농약이 검출되었으나 위해지수는 0.066, 0.025, 0.008로 낮은 것으로 평가되었다. 따라서 국내에서 생산되는 사과, 복숭아, 배, 포도, 감귤 중의 잔류농약에 의한 위해성은 낮은 것으로 판단되었다.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제53권6호
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• pp.722-726
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• 2010

Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is an uncommon inherited disorder caused by mutations in any of the genes encoding subunits of the superoxide-generating phagocyte NADPH oxidase system, which is essential for killing catalase producing bacteria and fungi, such as $Aspergillus$ species, $Staphylococcus$ $aureus$, $Serratia$ $marcescens$, $Nocardia$ species and $Burkholderia$ $cepacia$. In case of a history of recurrent or persistent infections, immune deficiency should be investigated. Particularly, in the case of uncommon infections such as aspergillosis in early life, CGD should be considered. We describe here a case of CGD that presented with invasive pulmonary aspergillosis in a 2-month-old girl. We confirmed pulmonary aspergillosis noninvasively through a positive result from the culture of bronchial alveolar lavage fluid, positive serological test for $Aspergillus$ antigen and radiology results. She was successfully treated with Amphotericin B and recombinant IFN-${\gamma}$ initially. Six weeks later after discharge, she was readmitted for pneumonia. Since there were infiltrates on the right lower lung, which were considered as residual lesions, voriconazole therapy was initiated. She showed a favorable response to the treatment and follow-up CT showed regression of the pulmonary infiltrates.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제74권6호
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• pp.789-807
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• 2020

Multiple earthquakes that occur during short seismic intervals affect the inelastic behavior of the structures. Sequential ground motions against the single earthquake event cause the building structure to face loss in stiffness and its strength. Although, numerous research studies had been conducted in this research area but still significant limitations exist such as: 1) use of traditional design procedure which usually considers single seismic excitation; 2) selecting a seismic excitation data based on earthquake events occurred at another place and time. Therefore, it is important to study the effects of successive ground motions on the framed structures. The objective of this study is to overcome the aforementioned limitations through testing a two storey RC building structural model scaled down to 1/10 ratio through a similitude relation. The scaled model is examined using a shaking table. Thereafter, the experimental model results are validated with simulated results using ETABS software. The test framed specimen is subjected to sequential five artificial and four real-time earthquake motions. Dynamic response history analysis has been conducted to investigate the i) observed response and crack pattern; ii) maximum displacement; iii) residual displacement; iv) Interstorey drift ratio and damage limitation. The results of the study conclude that the low-rise building model has ability to resist successive artificial ground motion from its strength. Sequential artificial ground motions cause the framed structure to displace each storey twice in correlation with vary first artificial seismic vibration. The displacement parameters showed that real-time successive ground motions have a limited impact on the low-rise reinforced concrete model. The finding shows that traditional seismic design EC8 requires to reconsider the traditional design procedure.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제21권10호
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• pp.1495-1500
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• 2008

In an attempt to develop a probiotic formulation for poultry feed, a number of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were isolated from chicken intestinal specimens and a series of in vitro experiments were performed to evaluate their efficacy as a potential probiotic candidate. A total of 650 LAB strains were isolated and screened for their antagonistic potential against each other. Among all the isolates only three isolates (TMU121, 094 and 457) demonstrated a wide spectrum of inhibition and were thus selected for detailed investigations. All three selected isolates were able to inhibit the growth of E. coli and Salmonella species, although to variable extent. The nature of the inhibitory substance produced by the isolates TMU121 and 094 appeared to be associated with bacteriocin, as their activity was completely lost after treatment with proteolytic enzymes, while pH neutralization and catalase enzyme had no effect on the residual activity. In contrast, isolate TMU457 was able to resist the effect of proteolytic enzymes while pH neutralization completely destroyed its activity. Attempts were made to study the acid, bile tolerance and cell surface hydrophobicity of these isolates. TMU121 showed high bile salt tolerance (0.3%) and high cell surface hydrophobicity compared to the other two strains studied, while TMU094 appeared the most pH resistant strain. Based on these results, the three selected LAB isolates were considered as potential ingredients for a chicken probiotic feed formulation and were identified to species level based on their carbohydrate fermentation pattern by using API 50CH test kits. The three strains were identified as Lactobacillus fermentum TMU121, Lactobacillus rhamnosus TMU094, and Pediococcus pentosaceous TMU457.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.876-885
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• 2018

폐 RHDM(Residue Hydrodemetallation) 촉매상에 침적된 비활성화 성분인 탄소, 황 을 고온배소 처리하여 제거한 후, 과량 침적되어 있는 바나듐은 초음파 교반기에서 5~15wt% 옥살산 수용액을 이용하여 $50^{\circ}C$, 5분 조건하에 바나듐 추출량을 조절함으로써 NOx 저감을 위한SCR(Selective Catalytic Reduction) 촉매로의 적용 가능성을 확인하고자 하였다. 폐촉매와 단계별 처리된 RHDM 촉매를 대상으로 상압반응기상에서 NOx 저감 효율을 측정하였고, 촉매의 성분분석은 ICP, C & S analyzer 및 XRF를 이용하여 분석하였다. 10wt% 옥살산 수용액으로 바나듐을 침출한 촉매가 가장 안정적이었으며 높은 NOx 저감 효율을 보였다. 이를 메탈폼 형태의 지지체에 워시코팅한 촉매는 상용 SCR 촉매와 동등 수준의 NOx 저감 효율을 나타내었다. 따라서 폐 RHDM 촉매의 처리 조건 조정에 관한 후속 연구를 통하여 각 적용처에 적합한 SCR 촉매로의 이용 가능성은 충분할 것으로 사료된다.