• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.4-28
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• 2024

Liquid biopsy, a minimally invasive procedure that causes minimal pain and complication risks to patients, has been extensively studied for cancer diagnosis and treatment. Moreover, it facilitates comprehensive quantification and serial assessment of the whole-body tumor burden. Several biosources obtained through liquid biopsy have been studied as important biomarkers for establishing early diagnosis, monitoring minimal residual disease, and predicting the prognosis and response to treatment in patients with cancer. Although the clinical application of liquid biopsy in gastric cancer is not as robust as that in other cancers, biomarker studies using liquid biopsy are being actively conducted in patients with gastric cancer. Herein, we aimed to review the role of various biosources that can be obtained from patients with gastric cancer through liquid biopsies, such as blood, saliva, gastric juice, urine, stool, peritoneal lavage fluid, and ascites, by dividing them into cellular and acellular components. In addition, we reviewed previous studies on the diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive biomarkers for gastric cancer using liquid biopsy and discussed the limitations of liquid biopsy and the challenges to overcome these limitations in patients with gastric cancer.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제50권4호
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• pp.222-226
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• 2024

The upper lip is a functionally and aesthetically important area of the face. Therefore, reconstruction of an upper lip defect needs sufficient consideration to ensure functional and aesthetic recovery. Several methods, such as wedge resection, rotation flaps, advancement flaps, and myomucosal advancement flaps, have been used to reconstruct vermilion defects. However, it is challenging to reconstruct a vermilion defect because of the possibility of residual asymmetry or scars and restrictions to normal lip movement after the reconstruction. We present the case of a 51-year-old female that had an upper lip vermilion defect caused by a dog bite. The lip defect was reconstructed using a mucosal V-Y advancement flap. This mucosal flap was based on the orbicularis oris muscle with a branch of the superior labial artery to ensure sufficient blood supply. Therefore, flap survival was excellent, and there was no constriction of the flaps. Moreover, the color and contour were matched to the adjacent lip tissue, and re-establishment of the white roll and adequate lip volume were achieved. This mucosal V-Y advancement flap technique represents a reliable method to repair mucosal defects without vascular compromise of the flap.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.917-923
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• 2002

청각에서 분리된 항응고 다당류의 혈액응고 저해기작을 검토하였다. 항응고성 다당 획분(CF-30 IV-ii, CF-30-IV)은 내인성 경로와 공통 경로에서 농도 의존적으로 작용한다. 항응고획분(CF -30-IV-ii)은 내인성 경로의 factor asaay시 lupus an ticoagulant 항체의 활성 에 영 향을 주지 않았으나 응고과정 중 factor Ⅷ, Ⅸ, \ulcorner, \ulcorner의 활성을 저해하였다. CF-30-IV-4-ii는 농도의 존적으로 fibrine을 생성시키지 않음으로써 thrombin에 직접 작용하지 않는 antithrombin m의존적 항응고 활성 기작을 보였다. 청각의 항응고 활성은factor assay와thrum bin의 저해 양식을 고려해볼 때 antithrombin III의 활성을 증대시켜 혈액응고 인자 중 serine proteinase의 활성을 저해함으로써 항응고 활성을 나타내는 물질로 판명되었다. CF-30-IV획분의 in vivo 활성을 측정한 결과 꼬리정 맥주사에 의해 150 mg/kg의 농도로 마우스에 투여시 thrombin에 대한 100%의 항치사성 효과를 나타내었다 또한 CF-30-IV를 마우스의 꼬리 정맥에 주입하고 혈액을 채취 ex vivo상에서 항응고 활성을 측정한 결과, 생체내에서 100mg1kg의 농도까지도 시료량에 의존하는 항응고 활성을 보였다

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.504-511
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• 2010

본 연구는 복합생균제(Lactobacillus casei, Bacillus subtilis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Aspergillus oryzae, Streptomyces griseus)와 항생제 급여가 육계의 생산성 및 육질에 미치는 영향을 구명하고자 수행하였다. 사양시험 1에서, 생균제 첨가수준은 0.1, 0.3, 0.5% 첨가구중에서 0.3% 첨가구가 일당증체량, 사료요구율, 도계율에서 가장 우수한 결과를 나타내어 적정첨가수준으로 판단되었다. 생균제와 항생제 첨가수준을 달리한 사양시험 2에서는 항생제(oxytetracycline) 100%만을 첨가한 처리구에서 일당증체량과 사료요구율이 가장 우수한 것으로 나타났으나, 복합생균제 0.3%를 첨가한 대신 항생제 수준을 50%로 낮춘처리구에서도 타 처리구에 비해 우수한 일당증체량과 사료요구율을 나타내었고, 도계율은 가장 높은 경향이었다. 복합생균제 0.3%와 항생제 50%를 혼합첨가한 처리구의 육질특성에서도 전단력이 다소 높은 것을 제외하고는 일반성분, pH, 보수력과 육색에서는 큰 차이가 없었다. 그 외 항생제 100%만을 첨가한 처리구에 비해 복합생균제 0.3%와 항생제수준을 50%로 낮춰 첨가한 처리구에서 맹장 내 E. coli와 Salmonella균의 성장억제경향이 관찰되었으며, 혈액 내 총 콜레스테롤 수치와 고밀도 콜레스테롤 수치의 감소경향도 나타나 저항생제 수준의 고품질 닭고기 생산에 적합한 사양방법으로 사료되었다. 그 외 계육내 잔류 항생물질 분석에서 항생제 100% 처리구에서는 0.1 ppm 수준을 보였으나, 생균제 0.3%와 항생제 50% 복합처리구에서는 잔류항생물질을 40% 수준으로 낮출 수 있음을 확인할 수 있었다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.346-355
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• 1980

It has been proposed that wide individual variation in response to heparin be not considered in the conventional set protocol for the control of heparin and protamine during extracorporeal circulation. In this paper, two protocol of heparin and protamine therapy were compared to assess the role of the Activated Clotting Time [ACT] in relation to heparin, protamine, and postoperative blood loss and transfusion. The study groups consisted of the 31 patients [adults 15 and children 16] anticoagulated with the conventional heparin protocol and the 31 patients [adults 15 and children 16] anticoagulated with ACT protocol during extracorporeal circulation. In the conventional heparin protocol, two mg of heparin per kg was administered initially with an additional 0.75 mg of heparin per kg every 30 minutes of extracorporeal circulation, and reversal was accomplished with protamine in a dose of 1.5 times the total milligram of heparin. In the ACT protocol, two mg of heparin per kg was administered initially with an additional dose of heparin enough to reach an ACT of 480 seconds [within safe zone 300 to 600 seconds] from the patient`s dose response curve every 1 hour of extracorporeal circulation, and reversal was done with protamine in a dose of 1.3 times the milligram of the residual heparin. The results were summarized as follows. After a dose of 2 mg per kg of heparin, the patient`s ACT varied from 240 to 600 seconds in adults and from 240 t~ 660 seconds in children. In the ACT group the total amount of heparin administered was markedly reduced when compared to the conventional group, and less protamine was required to neutralize heparin. The dose of heparin administered decreased from 7.07 [SE 0.42] mg/kg of the conventional group to 4.92 [SE 0.32] mg/k8 of the ACT group in adults and from 10.17 [SE 1.15] mg/kg to 5.23 [SE 0.24] mg/kg in children, which represent 30.4% and 48.6% decrease respectively. The dose of protamine administered for reversal decreased from 10.6 [SE 0.63] mg/kg of the conventional group to 3.35 [SE 0.35] mg/kg of the ACT group in adults and from 15.7 [SE 1.70] mg/kg to 3.26 [SE 0.27] mg/kg in children, which represent 68.4% and 79.2% respectively. The ratio of protamine to heparin administered in the conventional group was 1.50:1 in adults and 1.54:1 in children, but in the ACT group 0.68:1 in adults and 0.62:1 in children. Postoperative blood loss and transfusion revealed no statistically significant difference between the two groups. Although six patients in the conventional group and one in the ACT group needed re-exploration for continuous hemorrhage, no case of generalized oozing was encountered, and in each case a definite bleeding site was identified. Author would like emphasizing the value of the ACT protocol in controlling heparin and protamine administration during extracorporeal circulation.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.173-180
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• 2015

Environmental pesticides used for insect control can be transferred from plants to animals even to livestock animals through food chain. Human beings also can be exposed to pesticides by consuming polluted dairy products, including meats, eggs and other milk products. Therefore, the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety (MFDS) established Standard for Pesticide Residue Limits in dairy products. The QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe) methods for detecting residual pesticides are relatively well established for fruits and vegetables, however, the methods for meat have not been appropriately studied yet. In the present work, pyraclofos was used as an organophosphate pesticide to examine its tissue residue in experimental animals by QuEChERS methods. For this, pyraclofos (150 mg/kg body weight) was orally administered to male rats once a day for 2 days. After 6, 12, and 24 hr of the treatment, the tissue residues in liver and femoral muscle of the rats were determined using QuEChERS methods followed by HPLC analyses. In preliminary studies, the recovery rates of spiking samples of pyraclofos demonstrated approximately 109~110% from the tissues. In previous study, pyraclofos tissue residues were observed with significantly high levels in livers and muscles at 6 hr of oral treatment. Then, they were almost completely disappeared after 24 hr of the administration, indicating the orally exposed pyraclofos is rapidly absorbed and distributed to body organs, then quickly excreted from the body with a negligible level of tissue residue. The alterations in blood chemistry as well as the histopathology of heart, lung, liver, spleen and kidney have also been investigated in the experimental animals for assessing acute toxic effects of pyraclofos. The obtained blood chemistry indexes (ALT and AST) showed maximum peak values at 12 hr after the oral administration and decreased to the normal levels at 24 hr of the treatment. Histopathologic observation exhibited acute hepatic damages at 24 hr of the treatment. In conclusion, we suggest that QuEChERS method can be adequately optimized for the analysis of pyraclofos residues in animal tissues.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권16호
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• pp.7303-7307
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• 2015

Background: Leukemia is a common cancer among children and adolescents. Wilms' tumor gene (WT1) is highly expressed in patients with acute leukemia. It is found as a tumor associated antigen (TAA) in various types of hematopoietic malignancies and can be employed as a useful marker for targeted immunotherapy and monitoring of minimal residual disease (MRD). In this regard, WT1 is a transcription factor that promotes gene activation or repression depending on cellular and promoter context. The purpose of this study was assessment of WT1 gene expression in patients with acute leukemia, measurement of IL-12 and C3 levels in serum and evaluation of the relationship between them. Materials and Methods: We evaluated the expression of WT1 mRNA using real-time quantitative RT-PCR and serum levels of IL-12 and C3 using ELISA and nephelometry in peripheral blood of 12 newly diagnosed patients with acute leukemia and 12 controls. Results: The results of our study showed that the average wT1 gene expression in patients was 7.7 times higher than in healthy controls (P <0.05). In addition, IL-12 (P = 0.003) and C3 (P <0.0001) were significantly decreased in the test group compared to controls. Conclusions: WT1 expression levels are significantly higher in patients compared with control subjects whereas serum levels of interleukin-12 and C3 are significantly lower in patients. Wt1 expression levels in patients are inversely related with serum levels of IL-12 and C3.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권9호
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• pp.4381-4389
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• 2016

Background: Surgery is the corner stone for the management of rectal cancer. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the optimal time of surgical resection after the completion of neoadjuvant chemo-radiotherapy (CRT) in treatment of locally advanced rectal cancer. Materials and Methods: This study compared 2 groups of patients with locally advanced rectal cancer, treated with neoadjuvant CRT followed by surgical resection either 6-8 weeks or 9-14 weeks after the completion of chemo-radiotherapy. The impact of delaying surgery was tested in comparison to early surgical resection after completion of chemo-radiotherapy. Results: The total significant response rate that could result in functional preservation was estimated to be 3.85% in group I and 15.4% in group II. Some 9.62% of our patients had residual malignant cells at one cm surgical margin. All those patients with positive margins at one cm were in group I (19.23%). There was less operative time in group II, but the difference between both groups was statistically insignificant (P=0.845). The difference between both groups regarding operative blood loss and intra operative blood transfusion was significantly less in group II (P=0.044). There was no statistically significant difference between both groups regarding the intra operative complications (P=0.609). The current study showed significantly less post-operative hospital stay period, and less post-operative wound infection in group II (P=0.012 and 0.017). The current study showed more tumor regression and necrosis in group II with a highly significant main effect of time F=61.7 (P<0.001). Pathological TN stage indicated better pathological tumor response in group II (P=0.04). The current study showed recurrence free survival for all cases at 18 months of 84.2%. In group I, survival rate at the same duration was 73.8%, however none of group II cases had local recurrence (censored) (P=0.031). Disease free survival (DFS) during the same duration (18 months) was 69.4 % for patients in group I and 82.3% for group II (P=0.429). Conclusions: Surgical resection delay up to 9-14 weeks after chemo-radiation was associated with better outcome and better recurrence free survival.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.180-185
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• 2006

침습적 Pseudomonas 감염은 대개 면역 저하 환자들에서 발생하며, 이는 높은 사망률과 관련이 있다. 그러나 드물게는 면역력이 정상인 숙주에서도 발생할 수 있다. 첫 번째 증례는 괴저성 농창과 Pseudomonas 패혈증이 발생한 5개월 여아이며, 두번째 증례는 9개월 남아에서 지역사회 감염으로 발생한 폐렴과 Pseudomonas 패혈증이다. 두 환아 모두에서 녹농균이 배양검사로 증명되어 감수성 있는 항생제를 사용하였으며, T 림프구, B 림프구, 보체, 식세포 등 면역력에 대한 검사는 모두 정상이었다. 저자들은 이전에 건강했던 영아들에서 발생한 침습성 녹농균 감염증 2례를 경험하였기에 이를 보고하는 바이다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제46권5호
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• pp.340-345
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• 2013

Background: This study aims to evaluate whether or not the method of right vertical axillary minithoracotomy (RVAM) is preferable to and as reliable as conventional sternotomy surgery, and also assesses its cosmetic results. Methods: Thirty-three patients (7 males, 26 females) with atrial septal defect were admitted to the Cardiovascular Surgery Clinic of Cukurova University from December 2005 until January 2010. The patients' ages ranged from 3 to 22. Patients who underwent vertical axillary minithracotomy were assigned to group I, and those undergoing conventional sternotomy, to group II. Group I and group II were compared with regard to the preoperative, perioperative and postoperative variables. Group I included 12 females and 4 males with an average age of $16.5{\pm}9.7$. Group II comprised 14 female and 3 male patients with an average age of $18.5{\pm}9.8$ showing similar features and pathologies. The cases were in Class I-II according to the New York Heart Association (NYHA) Classification, and patients with other cardiac and systemic problems were not included in the study. The ratio of the systemic blood flow to the pulmonary blood flow (Qp/Qs) was $1.8{\pm}0.2$. The average pulmonary artery pressure was $35{\pm}10$ mmHg. Following the diagnosis, performing elective surgery was planned. Results: No significant difference was detected in the average time of the patients' extraportal circulation, cross-clamp and surgery (p>0.05). In the early postoperative period of the cases, the duration of mechanical ventilator support, the drainage volume in the first 24 hours, and the hospitalization time in the intensive care unit were similar (p>0.05). Postoperative pains were evaluated together with narcotic analgesics taken intravenously or orally. While 7 cases (43.7%) in group I needed postoperative analgesics, 12 cases (70.6%) in group II needed them. No mortality or major morbidity has occurred in the patients. The incision style and sizes in all of the patients undergoing RVAM were preserved as they were at the beginning. Furthermore, the patients of group I were mobilized more quickly than the patients of group II. The patients of group I were quite pleased with the psychological and cosmetic results. No residual defects have been found in the early postoperative period and after the end of the follow-up periods. All of the patients achieved functional capacity per NYHA. No deformation of breast growth has been detected during 18 months of follow-up for the group I patients, who underwent RVAM. Conclusion: To conclude, the repair of atrial septal defect by RVAM, apart from the limited working zone for the surgeon in these pathologies as compared to sternotomymay be considered in terms of the outcomes, and early and late complications. And this has accounted for less need of analgesics and better cosmetic results in recent years.