• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제37권9호
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• pp.511-516
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• 2015

본 연구에서는 수돗물을 끓이는 과정에서의 잔류염소와 소독부산물 제거 특성과 더불어 차를 이용하여 끓였을 때 인체 필수 미네랄 성분의 용출특성에 대해 조사하였다. 현재까지 대부분의 연구가 차를 이용하여 끓였을 때 유해 중금속의 흡착 제거에 초점을 맞추었다면, 본 연구에서는 차를 이용하여 끓였을 때 인체 필수 미네랄 성분의 용출특성에 대해 조사함으로써 보다 건강하고 안전하게 수돗물을 음용하는 방법에 대해 제언하고자 하였다. 조사결과 잔류염소농도 0.7 mg/L 수돗물을 약 20분 가열시 모두 제거되었으며, 소독부산물(THMs, HAAs, CH) 농도는 65%까지 감소하였다. 시판 차 5종(옥수수, 보리, 둥굴레, 현미, 결명자)을 이용하여 끓였을 때 인체 필수 미네랄 6종(칼슘, 칼륨, 나트륨, 마그네슘, 황, 인)의 단위중량당용출량 총합은 결명자차가 최대 9.6 mg/g으로 가장 높았으며, 현미차의 용출량은 1.6 mg/g으로 상대적으로 낮았다. 특히 다른 미네랄에 비해 체내에서 정상혈압유지, 세포물질대사, 효소작용 등 중요역할을 담당하는 칼륨의 용출량이 상대적으로 높은 것으로 조사되었다. 또한 차를 이용하여 수돗물을 끓여 마시는 것만으로도 일부 미네랄성분은 한국인 영양권고 섭취량의 최대 40%까지 섭취 가능한 것으로 조사되었다.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제55권3호
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• pp.88-92
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• 2012

Purpose: Mucopolysaccharidosis type II (MPS II or Hunter syndrome) is a rare lysosomal storage disorder caused by iduronate-2-sulfatase (IDS) deficiency. MPS II causes a wide phenotypic spectrum of symptoms ranging from mild to severe. IDS activity, which is measured in leukocyte pellets or fibroblasts, was reported to be related to clinical phenotype by Sukegawa-Hayasaka et al. Measurement of residual plasma IDS activity using a fluorometric assay is simpler than conventional measurements using skin fibroblasts or peripheral blood mononuclear cells. This is the first study to describe the relationship between plasma IDS activity and clinical phenotype of MPS II. Methods: We hypothesized that residual plasma IDS activity is related to clinical phenotype. We classified 43 Hunter syndrome patients as having attenuated or severe disease types based on clinical characteristics, especially intellectual and cognitive status. There were 27 patients with the severe type and 16 with the attenuated type. Plasma IDS activity was measured by a fluorometric enzyme assay using 4-methylumbelliferyl- ${\alpha}$-iduronate 2-sulphate. Results: Plasma IDS activity in patients with the severe type was significantly lower than that in patients with the attenuated type ($p$=0.006). The optimal cut-off value of plasma IDS activity for distinguishing the severe type from the attenuated type was 0.63 $nmol{\cdot}4hr^{-1}{\cdot}mL^{-1}$. This value had 88.2% sensitivity, 65.4% specificity, and an area under receiver-operator characteristics (ROC) curve of 0.768 (ROC curve analysis; $p$=0.003). Conclusion: These results show that the mild phenotype may be related to residual lysosomal enzyme activity.

• 수산해양교육연구
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.692-700
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• 2016

넙치($700{\pm}50g$, $23{\pm}1.5^{\circ}C$) 및 조피볼락($500{\pm}30g$, $23{\pm}1.5^{\circ}C$)에게 Thiamphenicol(TP)을 1일 1회 경구(100 mg/kg BW) 투여한 다음, 경시적(1시간~432시간)으로 혈청 내 TP의 잔류량을 HPLC로써 분석하였다. TP를 어류 혈청에 0.1, 1.0, $10{\mu}g/mL$으로 첨가한 각각의 농도에 대하여 넙치 및 조피볼락에서 TP의 평균 회수율은 77.05~97.23%와 89.96~97.11%로 나타났다. TP의 경구 투여에 따른 넙치와 조피볼락의 체내 약물 혈중농도는 two-compartment model로 조사되었다. TP를 투여 후 넙치 혈청에서 10시간째 $10.08{\mu}g/mL$와 15시간째 $10.06{\mu}g/mL$로 최대값을 보였고, 조피볼락 혈청에서는 15시간째 $8.88{\mu}g/mL$로 최대값을 나타내었다. 넙치와 조피볼락의 혈청에서 TP는 투여 후 432시간째(18일째) 모든 시료에서 검출한계 이하로 검출되지 않았다. TP의 어류 체내 잔류 양상은 넙치와 조피볼락에서 매우 유사하였다. 본 연구에서 얻어진 결과는 넙치와 조피볼락에 TP를 처방하여 치료 계획을 수립할 때 유용하게 활용될 것으로 여겨진다.

• 대한약리학회지
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• 제14권1_2호
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• pp.47-54
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• 1978

Recently, a major resection of the pancreas has been carried out not only to treat carcinoma of pancreas but also chronic pancreatitis. But limited and often contradictory reports have been made on the exocrine effects after partial surgical pancreatectomy in mammals. It was suggested that the growth of the residual tissue in pancreatectomized rat is very active, because pancreas has the great power of regeneration after partial pancreatectomy, while others observed that rat pancreas after partial surgical resection revealed a perplexing mixture of atrophy and regeneration of acinar tissue. On the other hand, another results showed that the amount of insulin required to control diabetes after partial resection of pancreas is much greater than that needed after total pancreatectomy. Because the anti-insulin system, such as glucagon secretion and hypophyseoadrenal function, is probably depressed after total pancreatectomy. Furthermore, minimal resection line which will not influence the normal function of pancreas is not agreeable, such 75%, 80% or 95% resection of the total pancreas in rat. So far, studies on the exocrine function other than endocrine function after partial pancreatectomy have been limited. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to examine the changes of exocrine as well as endocrine function of pancreas at the different time interval after 60% or 80% pancreatectomy in rats. The results summerized as follow: 1) In both 60% and 80% resected groups, a slight decrease of the total body weight was observed at a day after partial pancreatectomy in rats, but the body weight was continued to increase for following 100 days. 2) The weight of residual pancreas was continuously increased during experiment in both 60% and 80% resected groups. But the content of tissue protein in residual pancreas was significantly decreased comparing with those of resected pancreas. 3) The flow rate of pancreatico-biliary juice was significantly decreased immediately after pancreatectomy in both resected groups. But it was recovered to control level after a day in 60% resected group, after 30 days in 80% resected group. 4) The output of amylase and lipase in resected groups were significantly decreased right after pancreatectomy comparing with control group. In the 60% resected group, the output of amylase was recovered during the following 100 days after pancreatectomy, while lipase output in 3 days. However, in the 80% resected group, the output of amylase and lipase were not recovered during 100 days after pancreatectomy. 5) In order to examine the endocrine function, blood sugar level were examined at all experimental periods after partial pancreatectomy. There was no difference between control and 60% resected group in the sugar level. But in the 80% resected group the level was significantly incresed immediately after pancreatectomy, and reached the highest level at 3 days. Then it was decreased to control level during the next 10 days after pancreatectomy. The above results showed that in 60% resected group little changes were observed on pancreatic function, but severe functional impairments were observed in 80% resected group. This results suggested that the endocrine function was recovered within a short period, although the exocrine function was not recovered for a long time after 80% pancreatectomy in rats.

• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.51-58
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• 1969

To clarify the hematologic effects of the radioiodine ($^{131}I$) in therapeutic doses ($5{\sim}10$ mCi) on the various thyroid patients, authors studied the peripheral blood pictures of 396 goitrous patients before and after radioiodine ($^{131}I$) administrations in the Isotope Clinic of Seoul National University Hospital. Among these 396 cases of goiters, we gave 5 to 10 mCi of radioiodine ($^{131}I$) with single or fractionated administrations. The blood pictures of peripheral blood were repeated after 3 months in 40 cases of 65 cases who had been treated with $^{131}I$. The blood pictures of non-treated thyroid patients were compared with that of normal Korean values to clarify any difference between normal and goiter. The blood pictures of hyperthyroid patients treated with $^{131}I$ therapy were compared with the blood pictures of non-treated thyroid patients. The results were as following: 1) The incidence according to type: Toxic diffuse goiter: 35.4% Nontoxic nodular goiter: 29.7% Euthyroid: 13.8% Nontoxic diffuse goiter: 12.6% Hypothyroidism: 4.3% Thyroiditis($\bar{s}$ subacute form): 1.8% Toxic nodular goiter: 1.4% Malignancy: 1.0% 2) Age incidence: The range of distribution was 11 to 71 years. The peak incidence was found in the 4th decade of life. $80.6{\sim}82.6%$ of those 396 cases were found among the 3rd, 4th and the 5th decades of life. 3) Sex incidence: Sex ratio of male:female was 1:7.8. 4) The most outstanding findings in peripheral blood before treatment were decreased erythrocyte count and hemoglobin value in all types of thyroid diseases, especially in. the cases of hypothyroidism and thyroiditis. Hook worm-infested patients showed no significant difference in erythrocytes and hemoglobin values from those of other hook worm free patients. 5) Total leukocytes count was within normal range. Differential count of W.B.C. showed increased percentile of lymphocyte in diffuse toxic goiter and thyroiditis. 6) 39 cases of diffuse goiter treated with $^{131}I$ toxic showed amelioration in the anemia and restoration to normal range of lymphocyte count in association with increased percentile of neutrophiles 3 months after administration, except a case of toxic nodular goiter. One can observe anemia in slight degree, and increased lymphocytes count in hypothyroidism. Therapeutic dose of radioiodine ($^{131}I$) does not result any residual effect on the hematopoietic function. Radioiodine ($^{131}I$) therapy resulted in improvement of thyroid function in association of amelioration of pevious abnormal blood pictures. 7) Authors did not observe any myxedema resulted from radioiodine therapy during the 3 months period in this study.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.267-272
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• 2009

Bone grafting the alveolar cleft allows for stability and continuity of the dental arch, provides bone for eruption of permanent teeth or placement of dental implants, and gives support to the lateral ala of the nose. Closure of residual oronasal fistula can occur simultaneously. Repair of alveolar clefts can occur at a variety of stages defined as primary, early secondary, secondary, and late. Most centers perform this surgery as secondary bone grafting. Autogenous bone provides osteogenesis, osteoinduction and conduction and is recommended for grafting to the cleft alveolus and several donor sites are available. The surgeon should select the best flap design considering the amount of mucosa available, blood supply and tension-free closure, and the extent of the oronasal communication. The authors provide a comprehensive understanding of alveolar clefts and their repair by reviewing the historical perspective, objectives for treatment, timing, source of graft, presurgical orthodontics, surgical techniques, postoperative care, and complications.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.339-345
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• 2000

The effects of protease and/or lipase on the removal of protein soil and oily soil were investigated in this study. Cotton, rayon, nylon, and PET fabrics were soiled by padding of fresh bovine blood and spotting of mixed artificial sebum evenly. The soiled fabrics were aged at $130^{\circ}C$ for 30 minutes. The fabrics were washed by using Terg-O-Tometer at various conditions. Protease and/or lipase were added in the alcohol ethoxylate (AE) detergent solution. The removal efficiency was evaluated by analysis of protein and/or oil on the fabrics before and after washing, respectively. The detergency of protein and/or oil on the fabrics was discussed with enzyme concentration, washing time, washing temperature, pH of washing solution and fiber characteristics. The hydrolysis of protease improved effectively the removal of oil as well as protein by increasing removal of protein-oil mixed soil at the same time. The effect of lipase added detergent solution was slightly shown on the removal of oil and/or protein. The removal of mixed soils from cotton fabrics was very low because of large amount of residual soils caused by the physical characteristics of cotton fiber.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.57-62
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• 1995

To investigate the ultrastructural changes of kidney and clarify to a cause of its changes in lead intoxicated rats, the 0.5% lead acetate administed orally to the rats and those were sacrifled at 2 day, 1, 2, 4, 6 and 8 week after the treatment of lead acetate. Each extirpated kidney was histopathologically examined under the electron microscopy and histochemical examination was also carried out. Concomitantly, the activity of free radical metabolizing enzyme was determined. The blood levels of lead concentration showed a gradual increase from the first group reaching the plateau at the one or two week group with the slightly decreasing value throughout the whole course of the experiment. And the urinary ALA concentration showed a gradual increase from the first group to the 8 week group. In the kidney tissue of rat sacrified at 6 week, the proximal tubular cells showed dilatation of endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondrial swelling, increased numbers of secondary lysosomes and myelin figure-like residual bodies on electron microscope and oxygen free radicals are identified by histochemistry on light microscope whereas there were no differences in the activity of catalase and glutathione peroxidase between the lead acetate treated group and control group. But the activity of xanthine oxidase was more increased in lead acetate treated rats than control group. Furthermore, the superoxide dismutase activity was significantly increased in the experimental group than the control group. In conclusion, it is assumed the kidney damage in lead intoxicated rat may be induced by free radicals.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제26권9호
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• pp.696-700
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• 1993

Pulmonary aspergillosis is relatively rare disease, most commonly presenting pre-existing cavitary disease. This investigation is designed to illustrate the clinical features, preoperative diagnosis and surgical role in the management of this disease. In retrospective review of opeative cases since Jan. 1988, total 16 cases were analysis. Peak incidence of age lies in the 3rd & 5th decade[81.3%].The common presenting symptoms were hemoptysis & blood tinged sputum[90.9%] & all cases had a history of treatment with antituberculous drugs, but the tuberculosis was revealed in only 3 cases in the pathologic studies on specimen after resection. The locations of lesion were upper lobes in 13 cases, lower lobe in 2 cases, and left whole lobe in 1 case. The operative procedures for treatment of aspergillosis were performed. The lobectomy was performed in 7 cases, lobectomy & segmentectomy in 2 cases, lobectomy & decortication in 2 cases, segmentectomy in 3 cases, bilobectomy & segmentectomy in 1 case and pneumonectomy in 1 case. There was one death due to respiratory insufficiency 21 days later,postoperatively, and empyemas & residual space problems were developed in 2 & 3 cases,respectively. The empyemas were treated with open thoracostomy and the dead spaces was filled with granulation tissues within 6 months. During follow up, there was no recurrence. In conclusion, surgical resection is the treatment of choice for symptomatic aspergillosis and needed in asymptomatic patient to prevent possible fatal sequelae in the future.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제52권4호
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• pp.306-311
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• 2012

Objective : A superciliary keyhole approach is an attractive, minimally invasive surgical technique, yet the procedure is limited due to a small cranial opening. Nonetheless, an unruptured supraclinoid internal carotid artery (ICA) aneurysm can be an optimal surgical target of a superciliary approach as it is located in the center of the surgical view and field. Therefore, this study evaluated the feasibility and surgical outcomes of a superciliary keyhole approach for unruptured ICA aneurysms. Methods : The authors report on a consecutive series of patients who underwent a superciliary approach for clipping unruptured ICA aneurysms between January 2007 and February 2012. The data were compared with a historical control group who underwent a pterional approach between January 2003 and December 2006. Results : In the superciliary group, a total of 71 aneurysms were successfully clipped without a residual sac in 70 patients with a mean age of 57 years (range, 37-75 years). The maximum diameter of the aneurysms ranged from 4 mm to 14 mm (mean${\pm}$standard deviation, $6.6{\pm}2.3$ mm). No direct mortality or permanent morbidity was related to the surgery. The superciliary approach demonstrated statistically significant advantages over the pterional approach, including a shorter operative duration (mean, 100 min), no intraoperative blood transfusions, and no postoperative epidural hemorrhages. Conclusion : A superciliary keyhole approach provides a sufficient surgical corridor to clip most unruptured supraclinoid ICA aneurysms in a minimally invasive manner.