• KIEAE Journal
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.73-80
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• 2010

Since the Korean War, Korea has experienced modernization. The population increase by baby booming has asked for more space for educational facilities. In such a situation, the purpose of educational facilities was to accommodate continuously increasing students, rather than seeking for quantitative demands. In addition, in accordance with social changes, educational shifts were required. After the revision of the seventh national curriculum in education in 1997, the school buildings became varied. The design of buildings in accordance with educational curriculum has been improved, but still lack of forming comfortable environment and considering energy efficiency in school buildings. For the improvement of educational environments, educational media such as TV and computers have been provided, and energy systems, including heating and cooling systems, has been continuously increased. As a result, it appeared that energy use in school buildings and facilities has been steadily increased and that the structure of energy consumption has been also changed, especially with regard to electricity use. Living in the 21st century, human beings face global environmental issues, such as global warming, geographical climate changes, and ozone destruction that are the consequences of fossil energy use. Therefore, even in industrial areas, considering a counterplan for low energy use is being paid attention. Starting with Kyoto Protocol in 1992, people try to decrease carbon dioxide and to develop alternative energies (i.e. natural energy); for example, solar energy, wind force, terrestrial heat, and water power. Advanced countries already set up a criterion for $CO_2$ decrease ranging from office buildings to residential houses and also propose alternatives for the $CO_2$ decrease. However, there is no such a plan for low energy use and $CO_2$ decrease in school facilities, and any research on the actual conditions was not accomplished. Thus, this study examines energy demand in classrooms that take up a large portion of energy demand in school building structure.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.41-48
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• 2005

Before occupation of an apartment housing, the builders are required to inform the test result of IAQ to the public. However, there is no simplified method to predict IAQ before measurement of pollutant concentration. In this study, a simplified way of predicting IAQ based on the distribution of indoor pollutant concentration is proposed. 7 different cases of air change rate have been simulated through CFD analysis to get the distribution ratio of each pollutant material and then simplified functions were used with CRIAQ1 values derived from CFD simulation to evaluate by comparing the influence of each material in the indoor pollutant concentration. Again, a lot of efforts which can improve the indoor air quality have been performed. Materials used in indoor space are labeled with their pollutant emission level. Installation of ventilation system in residential buildings will be regulated by a building codes sooner or later. But it is important to understand the fact that layout of walls, location or size of openings will influence the indoor air flow and pollutant concentration. And location of emitting material influences to indoor air pollutants distribution. But until now there is few recognition and consideration of these factors. Therefore, in this paper the effects of these factors is proved and some kind of guideline is made for designers after a comparison of typical apartment floor plan and a new type plan with their average pollutant concentration and its distribution of each room. CFD(Computational Fluid Dynamics) program was used to show the indoor air flow and pollutant concentration distribution. For this purpose, a typical $100m^2$ apartment floor plan was chosen as a case study model and several alternatives were reviewed to improve the IAQ performance. The simulation took place in the condition of natural ventilation through windows.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.71-77
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• 2016

Purpose : The energy saving in a residential building (apartment) sector is known as one of the effective solution of energy reduction. In South Korea, the government has recently reinforced regulations associated with the energy performance of buildings. However, there is a lack of research on the methods for the energy performance diagnosis that is used to analyze the wall thermal performance of the existing apartments. Because a reliable diagnosis is necessary to save the building energy, this study analyzed wall thermal performance of an existing apartment in Seoul. Method : This paper applied two methods for analysis of the thermal insulation performance; HFM(Heat Flow Meter) method and ASTR(Air-Surface Temperature Ratio) method. The HFM method is suggested by ISO9869-1 code to measure the thermal performance. The ASTR method is proposed by this study for the simplified In-situ measurement and it uses three temperature data (interior wall surface, interior and exterior air) and the overall heat transfer coefficient. This study conducted the experiment of an existing apartment in Seoul using these methods and analyzed the results. Furthermore, the energy simulation tool of the building was used to suggest retrofit of the building based on the results of measurements. Result : The error rate of HFM method and ASTR method was analyzed in about 17 to 20%. As the results of comparison between the initial design values of the wall and the measured values, the 26% degradation of insulation thermal performance was measured. Lastly, the energy simulation tool of the building shows 10.8% energy savings in accordance with the construction of suggested retrofit.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.75-82
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• 2011

In Korea, the ratio of population in urban areas used to be only 50.1% in 1970, but with the value risen to 90.8% in 2009, urbanization is going on rapidly. Urbanization, which occurs by the rampantly planted buildings, has become major source of raising building density, changing wind direction and reducing wind amount, and such reductions are affecting even inside the building. In each year, among the total energy consumption in Korea, residential portion takes up significant ratio, and specifically the ratio of apartment house is shown to be highest. In order to solve such problem, many studies are being conducted for the improvement of natural ventilation performance. The natural ventilation performance of apartment house are significantly determined by the characteristics of external and internal structure, but in macroscopic perspective, the performance is established fundamentally by the layout characteristics of the main building of the apartment house in preparation for wind conditions. So far researches on raising the thermal comfort through elevation of ventilation performance have been conducted actively, but many of them propose only theoretical concepts deduced through wind path analysis, and do not include any indicator to measure ventilation performance simply only with area data from layout planning stage. Therefore, in this study, gap ratio a wind field measuring indicator was developed, and after the ventilation characteristics by layout types and main building uniformity were identified, the scope of gap ratio efficient for ventilation and that of uniformity were clarified, followed by verification through simulation.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.970-978
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• 2011

최근 부산시내 자연경관이 양호한 지역에 고층건물들이 무분별하게 들어서 도시경관의 핵심이 되는 산림스카이라인을 깨트리는 동시에 도시 내 녹시율을 심각하게 떨어뜨리고 있는 실정이다. 따라서 도시민들의 삶의 질과 도시경관의 쾌적성을 향상시키고 도시의 녹시율을 높이기 위해서는 산림스카이라인의 효율적인 관리방안이 마련되어야 할 것이다. 이를 위하여 본 연구는 기존 산림스카이라인의 관리를 위한 건축물 고도규제 수단으로 사용하는 시곡면 분석의 문제점을 보안할 수 있는 GIS를 활용한 다중시곡면 분석과 건축물 높이에 큰 영향을 미치는 용적률을 비교 분석하여 건축물의 높이 규제 방향을 제시하고자 하였다. 이를 위하여 연구의 공간적 대상은 부산시 남구 대연동 주변 주거지역을 대상으로 하였으며, 분석방법에 있어서 다중 조망점 선정을 통하여 객관성을 확보하는 동시에 효율성을 높였다. 또한 주요지점에서 시뮬레이션결과를 반영함으로써 종합적인 경관계획이 가능하게 하였다. 마지막으로 본 연구는 산림지역의 지리적 여건에 맞추어 산림스카이라인 보호를 위한 건축물의 높이 규제의 방안을 제안하였다.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.86-92
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• 2017

장스팬 구조물은 사용하중 하에서 바닥진동 문제가 발생할 가능성이 크다. 따라서 구조물 바닥판의 진동성능을 향상시키기 위한 가장 일반적인 방법은 슬래브의 두께를 증가시키는 것이지만 기존의 구조시스템에서 슬래브의 두께를 증가시키면 슬래브 자중의 증가로 건축물 전체의 효율성이 떨어지게 되는 문제점이 있다. 따라서 슬래브의 두께를 증가시키면서도 자중은 크게 증가하지 않는 바닥판 시스템으로 중공슬래브에 관한 관심이 커지고 있는 상황이다. 이에 부력방지능력 및 시공성 향상을 위하여 데크플레이트와 경량성형재를 결합한 형태의 중공슬래브를 개발하였고, 이 중공슬래브를 적용한 실물(mock-up) 건축물에 대한 사용성 검증을 위한 진동성능 평가를 수행하였다. 측정된 결과값을 분석한 결과, 일본건축학회의 "건축물의 진동에 관한 거주 성능 평가지침"에 의하면 1등급인 거실, 침실에 사용해도 될 수준으로 평가되었다.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.39-55
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• 1993

The importance of urban and regional natural park increases because of the needs for preserving the natural resources and providing with natural recreation space in nature. This planning of natural park management should be established based on the research of the various natural resources in the park. But for the lack of effective data synthesizing methods and concepts, only some restricted factors for zoning plan are considered even though GIS computer system for large complex simulation is used. Therefore, in this study three ecological zoning models such as Basic Factor Model (BFM), Visual Landscape Model (VLM) and Comprehensive Ecological Model (CEM) are proposed and applied to Byounsan Peninsula Nature Park(BPNP) for comparison with the current natural park zoning. The BFM has three components -elevation, slope and vegetation. The VLM has applied with six components -elevation, slope, vegetation, road type, and the visual distance. Finally the CEM's modelling factors have included all of BFM, VLM components are added with the land use type, nature and historic resource factors. The zoning concept of BPNP was based on "Minimization" focused on the specific factors. But introduced modelling concept is "Optimization" based on the total ecological environment. So the result of the modelling has larger area for preservation and development zoning compared with the current zoning whose characteristics are ambiguous which allows the environmental destruction. The future study issues will be the determination of the weighting factor, component reconsideration based on the ground truth data and the agriculture residential area zoning.

• 한국항해항만학회지
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.505-513
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• 2008

본 연구는 해양건축물 또는 워터프런트 개발계획에 있어 특히 워터프런트에 입지하는 주거단지 계획에 역점을 투어 사용자의 측면에서 기존 워터프런트 주거단지의 거주환경 만족도를 조사, 분석 하였다. 또한 통일 주거단지 내에서도 각층별, 방위별, 위치별 쾌적성에 대해 분석하여 가장 선호하는 층, 방위 위치 통에 관한 근거를 제시하고자 하였다. 본 연구의 결론은 다음과 같다. 1) 만족도의 순서는 남향, 남동향, 동향, 남서향의 순으로 나타났으며 남향, 남동향의 선호 경향이 절대적으로 우세한 것으로 나타났다. 2) 전체 응답자의 67%이상이 향보다는 외부로의 조망이 좋아야 한다고 응답하여 워터프런트 주거단지에 있어서는 조망에 대한 중요성이 매우 크다는 사실을 알 수 있었다. 3) 경관 선호도를 분석한 결과는 안벽형 워터프런트, 호안형 워터프런트 덴 하천형 워터프런트의 세가지 Type의 경관별로 약간의 차이는 있었으나 공통적으로 고층부 경관이 가장 높은 선호도를 보였으며 저층부 경관이 상대적으로 가장 낮은 선호도를 보여주었다.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.394-399
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• 2008

There are many attempts to use a fuel cell system as a residential power generation system. The purpose of this study is to investigate the optimal design of a water tank for a hot water system when the fuel cell co-generation system is combined with a domestic hot water supply system. The demands of hot water supply per month per home are investigated in Busan for a year. It showed somewhat large differences between the actual demand and the designed demand of hot water, but the actual capacity of hourly averaged hot water demands is analyzed as $60{\ell}/h$ in this study based on the actual demand. The experiments are performed in the various inlet and outlet locations of nozzles, and the hot water consumption rates. The experimental results are showed that the optimal capacity of the water tank is $200{\ell}$ when the thermal efficiency, the storing capacity of hot water and the space for installation are considered.

• 농촌계획
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.15-25
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• 2018

This study was designed to understand the change of rural landscape and to consider problems followed by development restrictions lifted for Neobiul Village in Ansan City, Korea. Physical landscape changes were comprehended by a field study and interview with local residents, and the residents' perception regarding the landscape changes were analyzed with the REP investigation method. The results can be summarized into the following three points: First, due to the lift of development restrictions and the deregulation of land use, the number of factories and warehouses for rent increased, which became a new source of income for the village. Second, the residents' complaints increased due to the increased traffic volume and waste from a sudden influx of factories and warehouses, which could not be handled by a small farming village. Third, a mix of landscape combining both city and farming village was formed due to the influx of external capital and the need of rental income, although the residents rather wanted Neobiul Village to become a residential village than a factory location. Furthermore, even in the farmlands near the village where development restrictions have not been lifted, the level of dependence on the farming industry has decreased as a consequence of the increase in farmland rent and weekend farms. This paper confirmed that the change of rural landscape followed by lifted development restrictions affects the everyday life of residents living in Neobiul Village. This study has significant implications in that it suggests a case showing the effects of national policies such as lifting development restrictions for rural villages in suburban areas.