• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility Conference
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• 2000.04a
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• pp.149-156
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• 2000

The aim of this study is to propose the predictive index and analyze the effect of lightsources and colour image types in the residence and office interior.This study was consisted of four steps, and was carried out as follows. 1) The condition of experiment was set up by optical characteristic of lightsources and colours. 2) The scaled model space was manufactured for the evaluation of the same condition by each space. And, some piece of furniture was manufactured for the representation of each space. 3) The emotivity response of lightsources and colours was measured. 4) Results of the evaluation of lightsources and colours were compared and analyzed by conditions, and the predictive index was proposed by image types.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.610-627
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to compare the caries activity and cariogenic factors in children in different residence areas. The subjects of the study were 268 kindergarten children who were selected from the downtown area(D), apartment area(A), suburban area(S), and rural area(R) in and around the city of Iksan, Korea. Caries activity was measured as past caries experience (dft index and dfs index) and salivary reductase activity (Resazurin Disc Test scores). Cariogenic factors were investigated by a questionnaire. The results were as follows: Reductase activity S > R > D > A dt index R, S > D, A ft index D - the highest dft index A - the lowest ds index R - the highest fs index D - the highest Toothbrushing frequency A - the highest, R - the lowest Toothbrushing before bed D, A > S, R Toothbrushing by parents S, R > A, D Sweets intake freqeuncy A - the highest, S - the lowest Distance to dental office D < A < S < R Dental treatment experience D - the highest, A - the lowest Flouride application rate D > S > R > A Sealant application rate D > A, S > R Birth order A, S > R, D Age D > S > R, A

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.49-54
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• 1992

This study was carried out for the purpose of developing an effective temazepam soft elastic gelatin capsule (softgel) which exhibits an excellent bioavailability and of comparing the rate and extent of absorption of temazepam from the marked elixir and prepared softgel using hydrophilic liquid such as polyethylene glycol 400 as a suspending agent by rotary die method. Both softgel and elixir containing 3 mg of temazepam were given to 7 healthy male New Zealand White rabbits in a single oral dose cross-over study. Plasma temazepam concentrations were measured by HPLC. The mean peak concentrations of temazepam following a single oral dosing as softgel and elixir dosage form were 13.84 and 13.25 ng/ml, respectively. And the mean time to peak concentration was 1.29 hr for the softgel and 1.07 hr for the elixir. There was no significant difference in the extent of drug absorption (AUC) for the two different dosage froms (p>0.05). While the softgel exhibited mean lag time of 0.63 hr, the elixir did not show any lag time. Statistical moment parameters such as the mean residence time and variance of the mean residence time did not differ significantly for the two formulations.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.316-324
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• 2020

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the subject's self-esteem, major satisfaction, and interpersonal ability, and to identify factors that affect interpersonal relationships. Methods: The subjects of this study were 135 nursing college students in the third and forth grades enrolled in a college located in B Metropolitan City. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire was used, and the data collection period was from July 13, 2020 to August 9, 2020. Results: The average degree of self-esteem, major satisfaction, and degree of interpersonal relationship were relatively high. The interpersonal relationship ability according to the general characteristics of the subjects showed significant differences in religion, residence type, departmental friend, health status, and satisfaction with clinical practice. The factors influencing the subject's interpersonal relationship ability were in the order of self-esteem, major satisfaction, good health, and traces of residence. Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, it is considered necessary to develop a nursing intervention program that can enhance the interpersonal skills of nursing college students.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.139-145
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• 2016

Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) is a major public health problem for all ages. Despite the high prevalence of smoking among the Saudi population, there is limited information about levels of urinary cotinine in Saudi children exposed to SHS. The aim of the study was to assess the exposure of schoolchildren to ETS, and measure their urinary cotinine levels. Multistage cluster sampling was carried out, where schoolchildren from 4 schools were randomly chosen from primary schools in Taif city. A questionnaire including questions on SHS exposure and smoking rules in the residence were sent to students parents/guardians. Urine samples were taken and analyzed for total cotinine using chemiluminescent immunoassay. Of the studied children, 38.4% had a smoking father, 61.8%, 41.2% and 49.3% of them were exposed to ETS indoors, outdoors and both indoors and outdoors respectively. The mean urinary cotinine was significantly higher among children exposed to ETS compared to unexposed children. Urinary cotinine levels in children with both indoor and outdoor exposure was significantly higher compared with its level in children with single exposure. A significant positive correlation was found between urinary cotinine concentrations and the number of cigarette packs smoked by parents, and the number of smokers in the residence. The mean urinary cotinine level was significantly higher in children who reported no smoking rules at the residence.. The study revealed a high exposure of Saudi children to ETS. An antismoking media awareness campaign on the harmful effects of ETS should be carried out, in addition to family counseling programs targeted to parents to protect their children from ETS.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.116-122
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• 2002

Objectives : To examine the relationships among health promoting lifestyle, anxiety, and self-esteem for korean immigrants in New York. Methods : The study included 425 adults aged 18 and over, who were chosen from Korean church and social organizations located in New York. The data were collected from April to July, 1996 using self-administered questionnaires. Data analyses were conducted using stepwise multiple regression, Pearson's correlation coefficients, 1-test, and ANOVA. Results : Health promoting lifestyle was significantly different by age, religion, occupation, and the length of residence. Those insured and those with no current medial diagnosis revealed significantly higher score in health promoting lifestyle than their counterparts. As for the level of anxiety, significant differences were found by educational level, marital status, occupation, income, and the length of residence. Self-esteem varied significantly by education, marital status, occupation, income, and the length of residence. Those with no current medical diagnosis and those insured experienced significantly higher level of self-esteem than their counterparts. Negative correlations were observed between health promoting lifestyle and anxiety. Perceived health status at present was positively correlated to perceived health status in the future. Health promoting lifestyle was significantly predicted by anxiety, age, and insurance. Conclusions : The above findings suggested that it is necessary to develop programs improving the perceived health status and lowering the level of anxiety. In this context, further researches on the relation between health promoting lifestyle and anxiety is required.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
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• v.18 no.3 s.49
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• pp.48-58
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• 2003

To obtain the preliminary design data for combustion of paper sludges, decomposition characteristics and combustion kinetics of paper sludges reactor have been determined in a TGA reactor. Also, the combustion characteristics of paper sludges have been determined in a fluidized bed reactor. The data obtained from the TGA reactor indicate that dewatering of paper sludge is terminated at temperature below 130${\circ}$C. With heating rate of 20${\circ}$C/min, combustion is terminated at temperature below 340${\circ}$C .The combustion rate is found to be first order with respect to temperature and oxygen concentration. Activation energies for paper wastes are found to be 570, 700, 2600, 4600 Kcal/mole, respectively. The calcination conversions were investigated with the operating temperature and residence time. In this investigation, it was found that calcination conversion was affected by the operating temperature and residence time. The optimum conditions of operating temperature and mean residence time were 850${\circ}$C and 6 minutes of respectively.

• Journal of Technologic Dentistry
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.197-203
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate oral health status according to use of oral care products in the adult population and determine methods for improving oral health status. Methods: The date of 'The fifth korean national health and nutrition examination survey 2011' was analyzed for this study. The questionnaire was measured regarding oral care products, Oral health status and socio-economic characteristics. For statistical analysis, the Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 19.0 for Windows was used. We determined frequencies, percentage and determining statistical significance using multiple regression analysis. Results: General characteristics and oral care products showed differences in DMFT associated with residence, gender, age, education, dental floss, etc(waterpic, hi-tech toothbrush, denture care products), in FS-T associated with residence, gender, age, income level, education, health insurance, dental floss, Interdental brush, etc, in T-health associated with residence, age, education, health insurance, Interdental brush, etc. Conclusion: In conclusion, in order to promote oral health status of the adult have to suitable selection and accurate usage of oral care products. Education and program in oral care products for the adult should be needed.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.3219-3221
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• 2013

Background: This study used receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves to screen Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) skin melanoma data to identify and quantify the effects of socioeconomic factors on cause specific survival. Methods: 'SEER cause-specific death classification' used as the outcome variable. The area under the ROC curve was to select best pretreatment predictors for further multivariate analysis with socioeconomic factors. Race and other socioeconomic factors including rural-urban residence, county level % college graduate and county level family income were used as predictors. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify and quantify the independent socioeconomic predictors. Results: This study included 49,999 parients. The mean follow up time (SD) was 59.4 (17.1) months. SEER staging (ROC area of 0.08) was the most predictive foctor. Race, lower county family income, rural residence, and lower county education attainment were significant univariates, but rural residence was not significant under multivariate analysis. Living in poor neighborhoods was associated with a 2-4% disadvantage in actuarial cause specific survival. Conclusions: Racial and socioeconomic factors have a significant impact on the survival of melanoma patients. This generates the hypothesis that ensuring access to cancer care may eliminate these outcome disparities.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.659-668
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• 2016

Purpose: This study utilized secondary data and investigated the factors associated with life satisfaction by living arrangements among community-dwelling adults aged 65 years or older in Korea. Methods: A total of 2,134 participants were selected from the 2014 Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging (KLoSA). Univariable and multivariable logistic regression were used for data analysis. Results: The significant factors associated with life satisfaction in older adults living with others were education level (odds ratio [OR] 1.73, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.41~2.11), place of residence in medium-size city (OR 1.57, 95% CI 1.25~1.97), place of residence in rural town(OR 1.52, 95% CI 1.19~1.95), depression (OR 2.99, 95% CI 2.43~3.68), frequency of contact with neighbors (OR 1.39, 95% CI 1.10~1.76), and social participation (OR 1.48, 95% CI 1.14~1.93). In contrast, factors associated with life satisfaction among older adults living alone were education level (OR 1.93, 95% CI 1.15~3.24) and depression (OR 2.49, 95% CI 1.48~4.19). Conclusion: These findings indicated that nursing interventions for improving life satisfaction among older adults should take into account their specific living arrangements.