• The Journal of Korean Association of Computer Education
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.59-70
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• 2015

This paper aims at developing a valid evaluation tool which has reliability to measure the tendency of cyber bullying that is on the increase recently. After setting up the concept of cyber bullying and exploring its factors by reference to advanced research, we developed the draft tool through modifying by the expert group. By conducting several surveys using this evaluation tool, we have verified the reliability and validity of our tool. And we also have developed an evaluation tool to measure its tendency. As a result, the complementary evaluation tool of cyber-bullying tendency was proposed with more advanced and accurate test.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.97-109
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• 2010

Objective : To examine whether any correlation between tendency towards depression and tenderness at special acupuncture points exists, thus to explore the potential diagnostic property of acupuncture points. Methods : A total 31 subjects were included in this study. They filled out questionnaires about their mental [Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Stress Response Inventory (SRI), Profile of Mood States (POMS)] and physical (fatigue due to overexertion, and food accumulation) symptoms. Identical weight around Alarm points (CV17, CV12, ST25, CV5, CV4, and LR13) and transport points (BL14, BL20, BL21, BL22, BL25, and BL27) was given using an algometer and the subjects rated their pain on an 11-point numerical rating scale. Heart rate variability (HRV) was also measured. Results : The subjects were divided into two groups, normal and depressive tendency groups with a cut-off point of nine on BDI. The depressive tendency group reported significantly higher values in SRI, POMS, and questionnaire for fatigue due to overexertion. In the pressure pain measurement, depressive tendency group had more pressure pain at CV12, left side of BL20, BL14, BL22 and both sides of BL21, BL25, BL27, significantly (each p<0.05). The data of HRV did not show significant differences between groups. Conclusions : People with a tendency towards depression may be prone to stress, negative mood, and fatigue due to overexertion. In addition, they may be more likely to develop tenderness at alarm points and transport points compared with healthy people. Further research is needed to confirm this finding.

• International Area Studies Review
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.123-143
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• 2018

Many studies on the acceptance of multi-national products have made academic contributions by offering various implications. However, there have been relatively few studies on the attitudes and behaviors of multi-national products depending on the purchasing tendency of consumers. The purpose of this study is to investigate how acceptance process of multi-national product, which is high involvement, appears by sorting consumers' purchasing tendency into rational consumption tendency, brand pursuit tendency, and consciousness of other people. Also, in order to supplement the measurement method of existing research, this study sought to analyze the acceptance behavior of consumers more precisely by classifying the situation before and after exposures of multi-national origin information on products. For this, 266 consumers were surveyed and statistical analysis was conducted through structural equation modeling. As a result of the research model, it was found that consciousness of other people has a significant effect on susceptibility and antipathy of multi-national product. In addition, antipathy against multi-national products has more powerful effect than susceptibility.

• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.30 no.5
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• pp.579-586
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• 2016

In many countries in order to manage corrosion of water treatment process, it is currently using Langelier index (LI). However, management of the Larson's ratio (LR) to compare corrosion management and LI which can be generated by the water treatment process is required. In this study, in order to ensure data LR, factors associated with the actual corrosion resistance of water treatment plant was measured. Using the measured data, the model equation can be estimated alkalinity, and using the statutory water quality data, LR and alkalinity is estimated. At comparison of the measured value and estimated value of alkalinity, it appeared in $R^2$ = 0.629, using the statutory water quality data and estimated alkalinity model, LR and alkalinity (Whole water treatment plants : 472) is estimated. Concentration of estimated alkalinity is 0.5 mg/L to 107.5 mg/L (average : 23.2 mg/L), and LR is 0.1 to 10 (average : 1.3). At tendency to corrosion of investigated LR, "No metal tendency" (>0.5) is 39 water treatment plants, 8.26 %, and "corrosion metal tendency" is 433 water treatment plants, 91.74%.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.167-181
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• 1997

The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between velocity and factors which could affect the velocity of mandibular movement. For this study, 30 dental students without any masticatory signs and symptoms and 90 patients with temporomandibular disorders(TMD) were selected as the control group and the patients group, respectively. After determining Angle's classification and lateral guidance pattern of occlusion, clinical examination for TMD was perfomed. Velocity and distance of mandibular movements were recorded with BioEGN, reproducibility index of lateral excursions was evaluated by Pantronic(PRI) and BioEGN (BERI) activity in masticatory and cervical muscles were measured with BioEMG, and occlusal contact time and cross-arch unbalance(Total left-right statistics, TLR) on clenching were recorded with T-scan, respectively. The results of this study were as follows : 1. Velocity in the patients was faster than that in the controls in most mandibular movements, but on wide opening and closing movement, result was reverse. 2. Velocity on closing movements were faster than that on opening movements in the control group and a similar tendency was also shown in the patients group. 3. Patients with muscle disorders showed a tendency to have the highest value of velocity of all diagnostic subgroups, while patients with degenerative joint diseases showed a tendency to have the lowest value. 4. Patients with canine guidance showed a tendency to have the highest value of velocity in three subgroups by lateral guidance pattern, while patients with group function showed a tendency to have the lowest value. 5. BERI had a positive correlation with opening velocity on lateral excursion, while TLR had a negative correlation with opening velocity on swallowing. 6. EMG activity on clenching in masticatory muscles had negative correlation with opening velocity on border movements, and on swollowing, while the activity in rest correlated positively with opening velocity on border movements. 7. There were positive correlation between the velocity and the distance in long components of mandibular trajectory.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.9 no.8
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• pp.170-179
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• 2019

This study was narrative research study to find out the effect of adolescents' social media addiction tendencies on interpersonal relationships. This research data was collected from 250 middle high school students in G city, Gyeongnam and collected data was analyzed with t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation, Multiple regression coefficient using SPSS 23.0 program. SNS addiction tendency scores according to general characteristics of adolescents were gender (t= -2.25, p = .011), duration of SNS use (F= 3.15, p= .015), average usage time (F= 15.87, p=. 001), SNS media (F= 3.12, p= .027), and SNS media usage time (F= 6.58, p= .001) were statistically significant. As a result of verifying the correlation of main variables, addiction tendency of SNS had statistically significant static correlation with interpersonal relationships. Influencing factors of interpersonal relations were Addiction tendency of SNS(${\beta}=-.64$, p=.<001) Interpersonal relationship explained 37% of the total variability.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.415-423
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• 2006

Interannual variation and long-term trends of coastal sea surface temperature (SST) in Korea were investigated by analyzing 27 coastal SST time series from 1969 to 2004. Long-term linear increasing trend was remarkable with the rate over $0.02^{\circ}C/year$ at almost all the stations. The slope of long-term linear trend was larger at the stations along the eastern coast than in the western and southern regions. It was also noticeable that there was a common tendency of interannual variability with the period of 3-5 years at most of the stations. SST was lower in the 1970's and early 1980's while it was higher in the 1990's and early 2000's after the increase in the late 1980's. The pattern of the interannual variability of SST was similar to that of air temperature. Increasing trend of minimum SST in winter was obvious at most stations na it was larger along the eastern coast, while the linear trend of maximum SST in summer was less definite. Therefore, the decreasing tendency of annual amplitude was mainly due to the increasing tendency of SST in winter.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.1-12
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• 2006

This research was to know EMG tendency on increasing record in snatch weightlifting. In order to perform this research, we choiced 3 man national weightlifters, EMG analysis were executed on 8 major muscle(Latissimus Dorsi, Trapezius, Anterior Deltoid, Posterior Deltoid, Gastrocenemius, Vastus Medialis, Erector spinae, Abdominal). First trial record of athletics is 80% of each maximal record and increase the $5{\sim}10kg$ gradually. In this study, EMG signal scale of all muscle except posterior Deltoid muscle don't increased according to increasing the barbell weight, This showed a difference between general recognition and experiment result. In posterior Deltoid muscle, EMG signal scale increased according to increasing the barbell weight. It was assumed that EMG signal of protagonist shows possibility of linear increasing if motion have a consistency. It was assumed that In present, In order to increase one's record to $5{\sim}10kg$, Motion consistency training is more effective training method than increasing the muscle force.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.694-703
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• 2011

Purpose: In this study the effects of a Group Counseling Integration Program for students with a tendency to internet addiction were examined. Methods: Thirty-seven students who were in a vocational high school in G city participated in a survey, which was carried out from October 12 to November 12, 2009. To test the effects of the Group Counseling Integration Program, the participants were divided into two groups, an experimental group (18) and a control group (19). The research design used in this study was a nonequivalent control group non-synchronized pre-posttest quasi-experimental research design. The research tools included a self-determination scale and an internet addiction scale. Data were analyzed using Chi-square test, t-test, and ANCOVA with the SPSS/WIN 14.0 program. Results: Significant differences were found in self-determination scores and internet addiction scores between the experimental group and the control group (F=5.99, p=.020) (t=-2.53, p=.016). Conclusion: The results indicate that Group Counseling Integration Programs are an effective nursing intervention for improving self-determination and decreasing internet addiction in students with a tendency to internet addiction.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.135-141
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• 2007

Although the result of the tree height growth after water treatment, Fraxinus rhynchophylla has little affection by the artificial water treatment, the growth showed decreased tendency as the soil moisture decreased, and F. mandshurica showed high growth in relatively high soil moist $78{\sim}90%$ treated area. The growth of root collar diameter of F. rhynchophylla and F. mandshurica also showed decreased tendency as soil moisture decreased. The changes of biomass according to dry weight of root, stem, leaves of F. rhynchophylla demonstrating statistical significance as moisture contents of soil is lower showing decreased biomass tendency and in the treatment of $78{\sim}90%$(A) moisture content showed more than double the higher biomass compare to the treated area of $18{\sim}30%$(D) moisture contents. Also F. mandshurica showed statistical significance in A and D treatment demonstrating differences among each treatment. This can be purported to have physiological effects like weakening of seedling and softening of tissues including leaves as soil moisture decreased. Ultimately it is regarded to the main reason of unsatisfactory growth for F. rhynchophylla and F. mandshurica that are weak to drought resistance. SLA, which is one of the special traits of leaf area of F. rhynchophylla, didn't show statistical significance between moisture process, it demonstrated decreased tendency as the moisture content interval is minimal. LAR and LWR showed increased tendency while moisture content didn't show statistical significance between treatments as they are minimal.