• 기술혁신연구
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.122-158
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• 1998

This study empirically examined different patterns of collaborative R&D project with their key success factors(KSFs), using data from 82 projects in the Korean electronic parts industry. The patterns of R&D collaboration were categorized into 4 types by two criteria development motive(technology Push/market pull) and Project initiator (focal firm/partner). The bivariate relationships revealed that project characteristics (technological complexity, market uncertainty), management characteristics (participation in project formulation), problem solving characteristics(problem solving performance of the focal firm, users active role in problem solving, active role of university or research institute in problem solving) and success rates appear to be different among four types of collaboration. Each type of collaborative R&D projects also had different KSFs. The KSFs of type 1 (technology Push and focal firm initiation), for instance, include the strategic importance of the project, focal firms share of cost, active role of university or research institute in problem solving, while those of type 4(market pull and customer initiation) cover reliability of partner relationship, a time at partners involvement, information sharing. The findings suggest that the different contingencies brought different patterns and KSFs of collaborative R&D project, since different information, resources, and partners roles were needed to successfully implement the projects according to development motive and project initiator Finally, managerial, policy, and theoretical implications for the collaborative R&D activities in the Korean electronics parts industry were discussed, based on empirical results of this study.

• 정보교육학회논문지
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.187-200
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• 2002

본 연구에서는 인터넷 기반의 문제 해결 학습에서 교수자와 학습자가 겪게 되는 교수 학습의 어려운 점에 기초하여 인터넷 기반의 문제 해결 학습 모형을 개발하였다. 이를 위해 먼저 ICT-EUS[8]를 필요한 단계에 적용하는 7단계 문제 해결 모형을 제안하였다. 다음으로 7단계 문제 해결 모형을 반영한 인터넷 기반 문제 해결 학습 모형을 개발하였고, 모형의 수업 적용을 위한 지원시스템의 개요와 특징을 살펴보았다. 교수 학습 모형은 (1) 설계 (2) 준비 (3)교수 학습 실행 (4) 관리의 네 단계로 구성되어 있고 ICT-EUS 기반의 7단계 문제 해결 모형을 교수 학습 실행의 핵심 단계로 설정하였다. 본 연구에서 제안하는 7단계 문제 해결 모형, 인터넷 기반 문제 해결 학습 모형은 각 교과별 ICT 활용 학습에 구체적으로 적용할 수 있는 기능적 성격보다는 모든 교과에서 보편적으로 활용할 수 있는 범용성을 추구한다.

• 한국수학교육학회지시리즈D:수학교육연구
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.87-94
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• 1997

"In computer-assisted learning (CAL), small group problem-solving instruction is efficient. CAL should shift the focus of school mathematics toward goals for problem solving and mathematical modeling. For the shift, the roles and responsibilities for teachers are very important in CAL" (Heid et al. 1990).

• 지식경영연구
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.19-46
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• 2013

This paper aims to show the learning process and the educational effects of Divide-and-Combine principles and State Models, which are included in the Butterfly Model for creative problem solving. In our State Models, there are Time State Model, Space State Model, and Whole-Parts State Model. We have taught middle school students (for 18 hours), high school students (for 24 hours), and undergraduate students (for 1 semester) about our proposed Models when they solved contradiction problems. Also, we have made the students learn our contradiction resolution algorithms by themselves based on team-based discussion. By learning and by using our Models, the students had the higher level of expertise in contradiction problems and had the growth mindset that made them have confidence in themselves and kept them challenging themselves about problems. Also, learning and solving with our Models improved the students' growth mindset as well as their problem-solving ability.

• 근관절건강학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.124-132
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• 2022

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships among critical thinking disposition, problem solving ability, and triage competency in nurses working in Emergency Rooms (ERs). Methods: This cross-sectional study, conducted in August and September 2021, involved 118 ER nurses from three hospitals in the Gyeonggi-do metropolitan area. The data were analyzed using t-test, ANOVA, Scheffé test, Pearson correlation coefficients, and multiple linear regression analysis using SPSS for Windows version 25.0. Results: The mean score of triage competency among ER nurses was 87.63±15.65. In the regression model, age, ER experience, triage experience, critical thinking disposition, and problem solving ability predicted 52% of the triage competency. Both critical thinking disposition and problem-solving ability were noted to be significant (β=.32, p<.001; β=.36, p<.001, respectively). Conclusion: Critical thinking disposition and problem solving ability of ER nurses were identified as major factors in triage competency. To improve ER nurses' triage competency and enhance critical thinking disposition and problem solving ability, a systematic and ongoing program should be developed and implemented.

• 한국간호교육학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.482-490
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• 2014

Purpose: This research compares self-leadership, team efficacy, problem solving processes and task satisfaction in response to teaching methods applied to nursing students, and determines whether variations exist. Method: This research experiments before and after the training of a nonequivalent group. The subjects were 36 learners of action learning methods and 39 learners of nursing course methods, and the research took place from October through December 2012. Results: Prior to the training, the general features and measurable variables of the two groups of subjects were similar, and self-leadership, team efficacy, problem solving process and task satisfaction in both groups were elevated compared to pre-training. In particular, in comparison with the nursing course, there was a notable difference in scores, the action learning method receiving high scores in the problem solving process (t=2.92, p=.005) and task satisfaction (t=2.54, p=.013) Conclusion: It is recommended that educators not only conduct the practice training course for teaching methods, but also incorporate action learning.

• 동서간호학연구지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.154-159
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of team-based learning (TBL) program on problem solving ability, critical thinking disposition and self-directed learning in junior nursing students caring for patients with respiratory diseases. Methods: One-group pretest-posttest design was used. TBL program was carried out for 2 hours a week for 6 weeks. Data were collected by questionnaires from 167 nursing students from March 6 to June 5, 2013. Data were analyzed by paired t-test and Pearson correlation coefficient. Results: At the completion of TBL program, significant improvement was found in problem solving ability (t=-6.04, p<.001), critical thinking disposition (t=5.02, p<.001) and self-directed learning (t=5.96, p<.001). There was a significant positive correlation among problem solving ability, critical thinking disposition and self-directed learning. Conclusion: In conclusion, TBL is a useful teaching and learning method on nursing students. We suggest that it is needed to measure the educational effects of TBL against other teaching methods in the future studies.

• 한국경영과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한산업공학회/한국경영과학회 1993년도 춘계공동학술대회 발표논문 및 초록집; 계명대학교, 대구; 30 Apr.-1 May 1993
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• pp.354-366
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• 1993

In this paper, new algorithms for solving the multiple traveling salesman problem with time windows are presented. These algorithms are based on the flow based algorithms for solving the vehicle scheduling problem. Computational results on problems up to 750 customers indicate that these algorithms produce superior results to existing heuristic algorithms for solving the vehicle routing problems when the time windows are 'tight enough' where 'tight enough' is based on a metric proposed by desrosiers et al.(1987).

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.1122-1128
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• 2012

본 논문의 목적은 간호학생의 문제해결과정과 창의적 능력의 관계를 살펴보고, 간호학생의 문제해결과정과 각 단계에 영향을 미치는 창의적 능력요인을 규명하기 위함이다. 4년제 대학교 간호학과에 재학 중인 학생 248명을 대상으로 문제해결과정검사도구와 자기보고형 통합 창의성 척도 문항으로 구성된 구조적 설문지를 이용하여 자료를 수집하였고, SPSS/WIN19.0을 사용하여 기술통계, t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation 및 다중회귀분석법으로 분석하였다. 간호학생의 문제해결과정 수준은 5점 만점 중 평균 3.62점이었고, 창의적 능력은 6점 만점 중 평균 3.96점이었다. 문제해결과정수준은 창의적 능력과 유의한 양의 상관관계를 보였고(p<.01), 문제해결과정수준에 영향을 미치는 창의적 능력 요인은 융통성과 정교성이었고(p<.01), 설명력은 각각 42.4%였다. 이에 간호학생 및 간호사의 문제해결과정을 높이기 위해 간호교육에서 창의성을 계발할 수 있는 방안을 마련해야 할 것이다.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.31-47
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• 1993

This study was intended to find the characteristics of the middle school students' thinking processes and problem spaces when they solved the physics problems. Ten ninth grade students in Chon-Buk Do, Korea were participated in this study. The researcher investigated their thinking processes in solving 5 physics problems on electric circuit. "Thinking aloud" method was used as a research method. The students' thinking processes were recorded using an audio tape recorder and transfered into protocols. The protocols were analyzed by problem solving process coding system which was developed by Lee(1987) on the basis of Larkin's problem solving process model. The results are as follows : (1) On the average 2.85 items were solved among 5 test items, and only one person could solve all of the items correctly. (2) Problems were solved in sequence of understanding the problem, planning, carrying out the plan, and evaluating steps regardless of the problem difficulty. (3) In regard to the thinking process steps, there was no difference between the good solvers and the poor ones. But in the detail performance of problem solving, the former was different from the latter in respect with using the design of general solving procedure. (4) The basic problem spaces by the item analysis were divided into two classes. One was the problem space by using Qualitative approach in problem solving, and the other was one by using Quantitative approach. As novices in physics problem solving, most of the students used the problem space by using the Quantitative approach.