• Journal of Information Science Theory and Practice
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.39-51
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• 2019

Open access is a paradigm whereby the electronic versions of scholarly publications are made freely accessible without any restrictions. It is actively promoted globally and is also promoted domestically in accordance with this global trend. However, there is a growing need to evaluate existing activities and to seek policies for the steady spread of open access. This study examines the necessity of switching to a national repository from existing institutional repositories through policy direction analysis of open repositories. We examined domestic open access policies by analysing various overseas cases and the situation in South Korea. Finally, we determined the validity of investment in a national repository by analysing its social and economic impacts using the modified Solow-Swan model. The main parameters for applying the modified Solow-Swan model were estimated, and the domestic research and development expenditure was predicted via a regression method. Then, we applied a range of rate of returns to research and development (10% to 50%) to various scenarios and examined the effects of increasing accessibility and efficiency by 1% to 10%. We found that the implementation of a national open access repository in South Korea would have a substantial impact (to the tune of 147 billion won), without considering the potential costs of such a repository. Based on the estimates of the social and economic impact of a national repository, the implementation of a national open access repository in South Korea is economically viable. Besides having beneficial social and economic impacts, a national repository is expected to enhance awareness of open access among Korean researchers and institutions.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.1-7
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• 2010

Objectives: To introduce to TKM scientific dose conversion methods of human to animal or animal to human for new drug investigations. Methods: We searched guidelines of the FDA and KFDA, and compared them with references for drug-dose conversion from various databases such as PubMed and Google. Then, we analyzed the potential issues and problems related to dose conversion in safety documentation of new herbal drugs based on our experiences during Investigational New Drug (IND) applications of TKM. Results: Dose conversion from human to animal or animal to human must be appropriately translated during new drug development. From time to time, investigators have some difficulty in determining the appropriate dose, because of misunderstandings of dose conversion, especially when they estimate starting dose in clinical or animal studies to investigate efficacy, toxicology and mechanisms. Therefore, education of appropriate dose calculation is crucial for investigators. The animal dose should not be extrapolated to humans by a simple conversion method based only on body weight, because many studies suggest the normalization method is based mainly on body surface area (BSA). In general, the body surface area seems to have good correlation among species with several parameters including oxygen utilization, caloric expenditure, basal metabolism, blood volume and circulating plasma protein. Likewise, a safety factor should be taken into consideration when deciding high dose in animal toxicology study. Conclusion: Herein, we explain the significance of dose conversion based on body surface area and starting dose estimation for clinical trials with safety factor.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.796-804
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• 2004

We found previously that dietary high fat caused obesity, and levan supplementation to the regular diet reduced adiposity and serum lipids. In the present study, we examined the effects of levan [high-molecular-mass $\beta$-(2,6)-linked fructose polymer] supplement on the development of obesity and lipid metabolism in rats fed with high-fat diet. Thus, to determine whether the dietary levan may have the anti-obesity and hypolipidemic effects, 4-wk-old Sprague Dawley male rats were fed with high-fat diet for 6 wk to induce obesity, and subsequently fed with 0, 1, 5, or 10% levan supplemented high-fat diets (w/w) for another 4 wk. For the comparison, a normal control group was fed with AIN-76A diet. Supplementation with levan resulted in a significant reduction of high-fat-induced body weight gain, white fat (i.e., epididymal, visceral, and peritoneal fat) development, adipocyte hypertrophy, and the development of hyperinsulinemia and hyperlipidemia in a dose-dependent manner. Serum triglyceride and free fatty acid levels were greatly reduced by levan supplementation. Serum total cholesterol level was reduced, whereas the HDL cholesterol level was increased by dietary levan. The expression of uncoupling protein (UCP) was increased by dietary high fat, and was further induced by levan supplementation. The mRNA level of UCP1, 2, and 3 in brown adipose tissue (BAT) and UCP3 in skeletal muscle was upregulated in rats fed with dietary levan. In conclusion, upregulated UCP mRNA expression may contribute to suppression of development of obesity through increased energy expenditure. The present results suggest that levan supplementation to the diet is beneficial in suppressing diet-induced obesity and hyperlipidemia.

• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.47-75
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• 2012

Basic research have contributed to technological growth or economic growth in U.S. Specially recent studies say that universities also contribute to economic development through scientific activities like science research, education, technology transfers. But we can not assure whether scientific knowledge was connected to real technology or economic performance, and it is difficult to figure out the effect of scientific output. "What is the exact performance of scientific knowledge?" It is still obscure. In this context, this paper analyzes characteristics of the linkage of science and technology. Data are U.S. R&D expenditure, scientific articles, citation of articles in U.S. patents by fields and sectors. As a result, university sector has the most weight of the linkage of science and technology. But, in relative connection rate analysis, industrial sector's is stronger than any other sectors. In the field analysis, linkage of science and technology is very strong in Chemistry, Physics, Biological sciences fields. And recently the linkage was increased in the fields of Computer science, Agricultural science, Engineering. Finally, this paper supports funding policy or estimation policy of government to product of scientific knowledge. University sector is still important because it has the most weight of the linkage. Scientific knowledge of industrial sector is also important. The connection rate of industrial science is the strongest in all sectors. And this research classify the R&D type by science fields. Considering the differences of science fields is needed to product science knowledge effectively.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.446-459
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• 2010

The technological convergence of IT, BT and NT is expected to drive technological revolution in the twenty first century, so a large amount of R&D expenditure is being concentrated on the development of fusion technology worldwide. Researches on how to direct and manage fusion technology development, however, are rare up to the present. This study investigates technology development and S&T human resources practices in the fusion technology are a focusing on the career path movement of researchers. On the basis of case study and a field survey of 209 scientists and engineers from academia, research institutes and industry, four strategic directions are recommended for improving human resources development in convergence technologies. The limitations and contributions of the study are also discussed.

• International Area Studies Review
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.89-106
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• 2013

In this paper, we analysed the absolute and conditional convergency hypothesis and the determinants of productivity in manufacturing industries from 2000 to 2009 with 16 provinces and metro-cities by using panel analysis. In terms of convergency hypothesis test, the results show that both of the convergency hypothesis, the absolute vs. conditional hypothesis, reject the null hypothesis(H0) implying the labor productivity of the 16 province and metro-cities converged to the steady state equilibrium. Also, the speed of the absolute and conditional convergency for the 16 province and metro-cities are average 4.4% and 0.73% respectively. In addition, the results of the determinants of the labor productivity in manufacturing industry show that human capital and manufacturing location coefficient affect to the value- added per capita significantly, but government expenditure per capita doesn't affect to the value- added per capita. As for the total factor productivity, government expenditure per capita and fixed capital per capita are important factors, but research and development doesn't. Hence the government has to revise the balanced regional development policy to develop regional manufacturing industries for the vulnerable regions. Also, it requires more study regarding income disparities and productivity.

• Review of Culture and Economy
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.87-114
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• 2017

The Supply side of performance arts has been pretty much developed since the establishment of ARCO. The development level of the demand side, however, was much lower than that of supply side. This unbalance make it difficult to achieve the goal and to complete the mission of ARCO's assistant to the performance arts. Unlike the existing research for solving this problem, this study suggests the positioning strategy of a new value of performance arts for solving this problem. This positioning is, instead of meeting the experiential and symbolic needs, targeting the functional needs to solve the life problems to be faced with aging, for example, the problems from education, human relationship and health. The new positioning will make the demand for the performance arts belong to the top priority group in the expenditure list of consumers because the perceived concept of performance arts will be changed from the "Wants" consumption to "Should be" consumption like a expenditure of private education for children and that of health problems. Therefore, this new positioning is surely expected that the development of new demand from the new position is pretty much higher than that of present positioning. This study also suggests practical strategies, PR and cross functional management system for the implementation of this new positioning.

• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.137-177
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• 2007

The medical expenses review system in Korea has developed under fee-for-service system with its own unique structure. The importance of reviewing medical expenses has been emphasized, as the size of medical expenditures moving through the health insurance legal context and its weight in the national economy have increased very rapidly. It is, however, analyzed that the feuds and arguments continue among the stakeholders for the lack of laws supporting the medical expenses review system. The medical expenses review is a series of administrative procedures, deciding whether claims from medical care institutions to the insurer are legal and valid or not. It mainly controls the increase of unnecessarily excessive health insurance claim and prevents fraudulent claim and abuse and checks the less use or unsuitable use of medical resources. It also works a function guarantees medical benefits for the appropriate treatment according to the object of health insurance system as a social insurance scheme. The dispute on legal base of the medical expenses review is about the source of law in the medical expenses review. There are the Health Insurance Act and administrative laws as jus scriptum and the guidelines of review as administrative orders. The medical expenses review should reflect various factors, such as the development of medical healthcare technologies, the health expenditures distribution, the financial situation of the health insurance, and the evaluation on the level of appropriate benefits. It is also likely to adapt to the traits of characters of medicine, and trends and transition, Besides it should judge the legality and the validity of medical benefits expenditures by synthesizing these all factors. And the evaluation system of appropriateness of medical benefits was administrative procedure which was consecutive with reviewing the medical expenses system and it was intended to make up for the result of reviewing the medical expenses in more comprehensive levels.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.37-52
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• 2022

Purpose - The objective of this study is to investigate what motivates global FDI inflows in the different economic development level and to clarify the FDI motivation type in the level of qualitative economic growth. Design/methodology/approach - Major macroscopic social·economic factors induced FDI inflows were analyzed using fixed-effect panel regression with 30-year panel data of 28 countries from 1985 to 2014. For analysis in the stage of economic growth, two category of developed and developing countries was used. And to analyze FDI motivation type in the level of qualitative economic growth, 4 shares of GDP; consumption·government·investment expenditure and export, was used as explanatory variable. Findings - In developed country, TFP(total factor productivity) and GDP have a great influence on FDI inflows, and consumption and labor compensation have a slight effect. This result indicates that the market seeking-driven, horizontal type investment is shown along with efficiency seeking investment. In developing country, human capital and TFP is shown to have greater impact on FDI inflows and labor compensation, exports, investment and government expenditures also have impacts. Thus it has confirmed that not only efficiency-seeking vertical investment for using low cost well educated laborer, but also government-driven economic growth and export policies could affect the FDI inflows. Research implications or Originality - The FDI investment decision making of multinational companies is decided by their own purpose. But, in the concept of as follows; 1) FDI is a long-term capital flowing for maximization of economic utility with limited global resource, 2) Thus FDI could be affected by macro socio·economic factors of host country. 3) Also such macro factors is different by each economic growth qualitative level. Therefore macro socio·economic factors of each country could be affected by the qualitative level of their own economic growth. To attract FDI inflows, it is desirable to implement differentiated incentive policies in the qualitative level of economic growth. Furthermore in developing countries it is recommended to implement government driven economic growth policies as follows; fostering well educated human resources, improving technology productivity in the relative lower cost labor market compared to developed countries and boosting international export volume.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.253-265
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• 2022

This paper examines South Korea's past developmental experience and its current strategy and policy initiatives to overcome global and domestic challenges and sustain economic growth in the twenty-first century, the digital and global era, to explain how the country became a high-income economy. The findings of this research highlight the following three factors: First, the most significant factor in rapid industrialization was the adoption of an outward-looking strategy, with the help of a highly skilled workforce and the development of high-tech manufacturing and services sectors, which was supported by the government plans. Second, the high R&D intensity helped South Korea become a global leader in information and communication technologies, which has emerged from a top-down innovation system that promotes close collaboration between government, industry, and the academic community. Third, according to the recently released Global Entrepreneurship Index, South Korea tops the region in entrepreneurship environment. Among the list of criteria, South Korea dominates in the ease of starting a business and enforcing contracts. They all play a significant role in encouraging investment, production, communication, and, eventually, economic growth. Finally, this paper suggests forward-looking developments promoting transformation and diversification into high-tech manufacturing and digital and green technologies.