• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.1-11
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• 2015

This research was conducted to compare the effect of soil amendment and loess on physial and chemical properties of dredged soil and primary height growth of Ulmus davidiana var. japonica. Three types of research plots: control plot (Dredged soil only), DC treatment plot (Dredged soil + soil amendment) and DCL treatment plot (Dredged soil + soil amendment + Loess) were set at Okgu research site in Saemanguem. 32 trees of U. davidiana var. japonica were planted in each plots after 14 months from the construction. Soil texture, pH, electrical conductivity (EC), organic matter (OM), total nitrogen (TN), available P, exchangeable cation ($K^+$, $Na^+$, $Mg^{2+}$, $Ca^{2+}$) and sodium chloride were measured after 3 years from the construction. Also, survival rate and height of U. davidiana var. japonica were measured 22 months after planting, and the correlation between height of trees and the physico-chemical properties of soil were analyzed. Even though pH in both DC and DCL treatment plots are lower than control plot, they are still alkaline (> pH 8). OM, TN and available P in both DC and DCL treatment were higher than the control. Particularly, the content of available P in both DC and DCL treatment plots are 1.4~5.1 times and 2.0~3.1 times higher than the control respectively. The concentration of exchangeable Mg in DCL treatment plot was 1.1~5.5 times higher than the control (p < .05). The survival rate of the species was the highest in DCL treatment plot (98%) followed by DC treatment plot and the control. The average height of the trees in both DC and DCL treatment plots is 1.1m while the control is 0.8m. OM, TN, available P, K+ were significantly related to the height of U. davidiana var. japonica(p < .01). The results indicate that soil amendment affects on soil physial and chemical properties of dredged soil and height growth of U. davidiana var. japonica.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.119-129
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• 2013

This study was conducted to predict the changes in forest biomass in different ecoprovinces and forest types under climate change scenario based on cumulative data (i.e., digital forest site and climate maps, National Forest Inventory data) and various prediction models. The results from this study showed that predicted changes over time in biomass varied according to ecoprovince and forest type in Korea. A reduction in biomass was predicted for all forest types associated with the mountain, southeastern hilly, and southwestern hilly ecoprovinces. On the other hand, the biomass was predicted to increase for the coniferous forest and mixed-forest types in the central hilly ecoprovince. Furthermore, increases in biomass are predicted for all forest types, except coniferous forests, in the coastal ecoprovince. The results from this study provide a basis for developing technology to predict forest impacts due to climate change by predicting changes in forest biomass based on the estimation of site index.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.94 no.3 s.160
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• pp.183-190
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• 2005

This study was carried out to find out the possibility for developing methodologies on the index for forest sustainability and to assess sustainability indices of metropolitan and provincial districts based on conditions of their forest health and management programmes in Korea. To find out some indicators to be utilized in developing the forest sustainability indices, total 84 possible indicators were selected and combined from 69 major programmes contained in the 4th Forest Development Plan and the Forest Vision for 21st Century and other 15 indicators selected separately from other forest policies. Those candidate indicators were reviewed throughly under evaluation processes and 33 indicators were finally chosen in developing the forest sustainability indices. Those indicators were classified into 3 categories, namely indicators for pressure, state, and response. Forest health could be represented by pressure and state indicators, while forest management programmes could be assessed by response indicators. Scores of importance for each indicator were assigned through Delphi survey and analyzed to project the extra weight value by summing rankings given to each index an applied to the standardized value of each index. Forest sustainability indices of metropolitan and provincial districts were analyzed and compared, based on relevant data of the year 2002. This study was kind a preliminary one in forest sustainability index and the names of metropolitan and provincial districts were not identified in this study. The indices could be very valuable in assessing quantitatively the level of forest health and intensity of forest management programmes in each districts and comparisons could be made among them, if all self-governing districts agree unanimously on the indices of forest sustainability and relevant indicators chosen in the study.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.97 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2008

It is necessary to examine relationship between spatial patterns of forest types and characteristics of forest fires for efficient management of fire and forest. By the ecoregions of South Korea, we computed landscape indices for whole types of forests(landscape level) and pine forests(class level), and analyzed characteristics of forest fires using statistics of forest fires from 1991 to 2006. We performed canonical correlation analysis to model the relationship between the landscape indices and the statistics of forest fires. At landscape level, forest patches were larger and more complex in the ecoregions which had higher percentage of forest area. At class level, pine forest patches were more complex and closer to neighbor patches in the coastal ecoregions. The ecoregions including metropolitan areas and cities had more frequent fire occurrences per 1,000ha, while mountainous coastal ecoregions had more burned areas and faster spread of fire growth rate. The canonical correlation between the landscape indices for pine forests and the statistics of forest fires was statistically significant at the 0.05 level and explained more than 70% of the variation in fire variables. The results showed that combustion time per fire was longer in the ecoregions which had larger and more aggregated pine forest patches.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.101 no.4
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• pp.677-685
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• 2012

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of forest environment and therapeutic program to the patients with major depressive disorder in antidepressant medication. The first group participated the four sessions of therapeutic program in the forest environment ("forest therapy"), the second group did in the program in a hospital environment, the third group did merely walking in the forest ("forest bath"), and the last group was controls. All the participants was diagnosed with major depressive disorder and had been taking antidepressant medication longer than 3 months. Depressive symptoms were measured by the Hamilton Rating Scales for Depression(HRSD), Montgomery-Asberg Depressin Rating Scales(MADRS), Beck Depression Inventory(BDI), and general health perception was measured by Short Form Health Survey Questionnaire(SF-36). Heart rate variability(HRV) were also examined to observe the physiological parameters before and after the program. In the results, HRSD score of forest program group was significantly lower than controls after the program. MADRS score of forest therapy group and hospital program group was also significantly lower than controls after 4 sessions of the program. The remission rate defined as below 7 points in HRSD was higher in the forest therapy group, hospital program group, forest bath group, and controls in order. These results reveals that the therapeutic program performed in forest environment may improve unremitted depressive symptoms of patients with major depressive disorder. Although not significant, the forest therapy program showed better outcome than hosptial program and forest bath.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.174-182
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• 2006

This study was to clarify the effects of forest stand changes on hydrological components of evapotranspiration and discharge. The forest-hydrological experimental stations in Gwangneung and Yangju, Gyeonggido near metropolitan Seoul have been operated by the Korea Forest Research Institute since 1979 to clarify the effects of forest types and practices on the water resources and nutrient cycling and soil loss. The hydrological regime of the forested catchments may change as forests develop. The ranges of change may be different depending on forest types. Evapotranspiration can be estimated to 679mm, 580mm and 368mm in planted young coniferous (PYC), natural old-growth deciduous (NOD) and rehabilitated young mixed (RYM), respectively. The slope of the discharge-duration curve shows the capacity of discharge control in a specific catchment. The slope tended to be steeper in RYM than NOD, the better forest condition. The slope in RYM became more gentle as the forest stand developed. Forests can modulate peak flows through interception, evapotranspiration and soil storage opportunity. PYC and RYM showed 100 and 50mm of threshold rainfall for modulating peak flows, respectively. The deciduous forest did not represent sudden changes of peak flow rates to rainfall, even 200 mm rainfall Forest development in PYC may play an important role in modulation of peak flows because peak flow rates reduced after 10 years.

• Journal of Climate Change Research
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.425-442
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• 2017

This study analysed the linkage between national forest policy in Korea, namely the $5^{th}$ National Forest Master Plan, 2016 Korea Forest Service Performance Management Plan, the $3^{rd}$ National Sustainable Development Plan, and UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The 7 strategies of the $5^{th}$ National Forest Master Plan were related to 11 Goals of SDGs, and 5 strategies of 2016 Korea Forest Service Performance Management Plan were associated with 7 areas of SDGs, and 4 strategies within $3^{rd}$ National Sustainable Development Plan were linked to 7 Goals of SDGs. Among 87 national forest indicators compiled from three respective forest-related policies of Korea, 45 national indicators were related to 18 SDGs indicators. This indicates that 52% of national indicators of Korean forest policy are reflecting the language of SDGs. However, seeing from SDGs perspective, only 18 out of 241, which accounts for 7.8% of SDGs indicators are related to national indicators. The findings imply that a number of national forest-related indicators do not meet the diverse dimension of SDGs which provides potential areas for forest to contribute. Based on the findings, following recommendations were suggested: 1) the term used in forest policy should be aligned to SDGs targets so that it can be embedded in national policies, and 2) indicators should be further contextualized as well as in its assessment system. Lastly, it suggests for leveraging 3) '5 Processes of sub-national climate change adaptation plan' and the core concept of REDD+ MRV which could provide fundamental background for implementing SDGs framework to national forest policy.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.41-46
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• 2022

Gastrodia elata infected with root rot disease was collected from cultivated G. elata fields in Gimcheon, Korea, in 2018. G. elata tuber surfaces exhibited root rot disease symptoms of dark-grey lesions and white fungal mycelial growth. The fungus was isolated from symptomatic tubers and cultured. Based on morphological characteristics and molecular analysis of the internal transcribed spacer region of ribosomal DNA and translation elongation factor 1-alpha, the isolated fungus was Fusarium oxysporum. This is the first report of root rot caused by F. oxysporum on G. elata tubers in Korea.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.96-100
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• 1993

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.105 no.1
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• pp.78-85
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• 2016

This study was carried out to determine the effects of shading and leaf mold treatment on growth characteristics and photosynthesis responses of Peucedanum japonicum in forest farming. It is very valuable as a sort of health food, so that the demand for the vegetable has increased recently. The experiment can not only increase the yield but also contribute to the development of eco-friendly technology for high-quality P. japonicum. It was performed by shading treatments (full sunlight, 35%, 50% and 75% shading) and leaf mold treatments (control, pine tree and chestnut tree). Height, stem diameter, root collar diameter, number of stem and dry weight were the highest in chestnut-leaf mold under full sunlight. Leaf area, leaf length and leaf width were the highest in chestnut-leaf mold under 35% shading. Photosynthetic rate, conductance to $H_2O$, transpiration rate and water use efficiency were the highest in chestnut-leaf mold under full sunlight. Specially, photosynthetic rate was higher under chestnut-leaf mold in all shading treatment, and getting lower in the higher shading rate. As a result of surveying the whole experiment, it is concluded that P. japonicum grows nicely by maintaining 35% shading under chestnutleaf mold in forest farming. Thus, it is the most effective way to increase the yield for high-quality P. japonicum with eco-friendly technology.