• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.25 no.11
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• pp.549-558
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• 2022

The Indonesian Archipelago has a very complex geological history, along with equatorial warm sea temperature, resulting in diverse types of coral reefs and high diversity of coral reef fish. Many livelihoods of the coastal community are dependent on coral reef fisheries. The present study aimed to determine which region and location in the Indonesian Archipelago has the most diverse and abundant coral reef fish. The archipelago was divided into four regions: the Indian Ocean, Sunda Shelf, Wallacea, and the Pacific Ocean. Data were obtained from a national coral reef monitoring program of the Indonesian Research Center for Oceanography (RCO)-the National Board for Research and Innovation (BRIN). The reef fish data were collected using the underwater visual census method, from 321 belt transects on 24 locations (districts) across the archipelago. The results show that coral reef fish diversity of the Pacific region was the highest across the archipelago for all three trophic levels, i.e., corallivore, herbivore, and carnivore fish. The Pacific Ocean region also had the highest fish abundance for the three trophic levels. Comparison among locations revealed that the best ten locations in reef fish diversity and abundance were Sabang, Mentawai, Makassar, Selayar, Buton, Luwuk, Ternate, Raja Ampat, Biak, and Wakatobi. Wakatobi reefs showed their supremacy in carnivore fish diversity and abundance, while Biak reefs were the best in herbivore fish. The abundance of corallivore fish was also considerably high in Sabang reefs, but it is still lower than in Raja Ampat, Biak, and Wakatobi reefs. These results provide empirical evidence that the coral reefs of Wakatobi and Biak are the hottest hotspots of coral reef fish diversity and abundance in the Indonesian Archipelago.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2013

Fisheries' biological resources were considered public resources before the 1990s. Every country could access and use these resources without regulation. However, the United Nations adopted the Convention on Biological Diversity and the privileges and rights to these resources were attributed to countries. This research starts with the research background and social and academic value of "The Jasan Eobo (or Report on Marine Organisms in the Coastal Waters near Heuksan Island)" by Jeong Yak-Jeon, who pioneered the new field of Fisheries Science and Marine Biology in Korea in the early 1800s. We also searched for recent results from the Marine Bio-Diversity Research Activities of the Korean National Council for Conservation of Nature (KNCCN) and the Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries (MOMAF). KNCCN reported that marine bio-diversity comprised approximately 6,500 species in 1996, and the Ministry of Maritime Affairs and Fisheries reported there were about 10,000 species in 2007. Among these marine species, plankton account for about 25%, seaweeds 11%, invertebrates 52%, and vertebrates 12% in Korean Coastal Areas. The Ministry for Food, Agriculture, Forestry, and Fisheries (MIFAFF) enacted a law for Agriculture and Fisheries Resources Management in 2012; this law includes the preservation of marine ecosystems, the conservation of wetlands and the preservation of fisheries resources, and describes the boundary of taxonomy for new species and unknown species that could be identified in the near future. To follow the new regulation for Access to General Resources and Benefit-Sharing, this research suggests (1) the importance of taxonomy for new species and unknown species as a goal of "No Name = No Information", (2) integrated research on bio-diversity, species distributions and the abundance of fisheries resources, both in local areas and in Korean Coastal Areas, and (3) the observance of international regulations or agreements for benefit-sharing without additional damage in the future.

• Animal Bioscience
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.591-599
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• 2024

Objective: Sumba Ongole (SO) cattle are valuable breed due to their important role in the development of Indonesian cattle. Despite rapid advances in molecular technology, no genomic studies on SO cattle have been conducted to date. The aim of this study is to provide genomic profile related to the population diversity, admixture, and demographic trends of SO cattle. Methods: Genomic information was gathered from 79 SO cattle using the Illumina Bovine SNP50 v3 Beadchip, and for comparative purposes, additional genotypes from 209 cattle populations worldwide were included. The expected and observed heterozygosity, inbreeding coefficient, pairwise fixation indices between-population, and Nei's genetic distance were examined. Multidimensional scaling, admixture, and treemix analyses were used to investigate the population structure. Based on linkage disequilibrium and effective population size calculations, the demographic trend was observed. Results: The findings indicated that the genetic diversity of SO cattle was similar to that of other indicine breeds. SO cattle were genetically related to indicines but not to taurines or Bali cattle. The study further confirmed the close relationship between SO, Ongole, and Nellore cattle. Additionally, a small portion of the Ongole mixture were identified dominant in the SO population at the moment. The study also discovered that SO and Bali cattle (Bos javanicus) could have been ancestors in the development of Ongole Grade cattle, which corresponds to the documented history of Ongolization. Our finding indicate that SO cattle have maintained stability and possess unique traits separate from their ancestors. Conclusion: In conclusion, the genetic diversity of the SO cattle has been conserved as a result of the growing significance of the present demographic trend. Consistent endeavors are necessary to uphold the fitness of the breed.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.321-330
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• 2023

The genetic diversity of three Hanwoo populations was analyzed using 11 microsatellite (MS) markers for the traceability of Hanwoo beef in this study. A total of 1,099 Hanwoo cattle from two populations (694 line-breeding and 405 general Hanwoo) at the Hanwoo Research Institute (HRI) of the National Institute of Animal Science and 1,171 Korean proven bulls (KPNs) were used for the analysis. Specific alleles of four markers (ETH10, INRA23, TGLA122, and TGLA227) were identified only in the line-breeding population, although at a low allele frequency (0.001 - 0.02). The genetic distance (Nei's D) between line-breeding Hanwoo and KPN was the greatest (0.064), whereas general Hanwoo and KPN were relatively close genetically (0.02); the distance between line-breeding and general Hanwoo was found to be 0.054. These results are expected because the HRI has performed closed breeding via selecting its line-breeding sires without utilizing KPN since 2009. Therefore, the line-breeding Hanwoo population of HRI show different genetic diversity from the KPN population, based on the 11 MS markers. The results of this study provide basic data for securing the genetic diversity of Hanwoo cattle and utilizing line-breeding Hanwoo cattle from the HRI.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.8 no.12
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• pp.261-269
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• 2021

This study examines the effect of block diversity on the risk of firms listed on the Korean Stock Exchange between 2010 and 2017. To examine the effect of block diversity on corporate risk, we measure block diversity in terms of a single component, portfolio size, by referring to prior literature. This diversity component accounts for the differences in portfolio size across corporate blocks. In line with existing research on corporate risk, we consider several variables to measure corporate risk: volatility, beta, and idiosyncratic risk. The results show a negative relationship between the size of a block shareholder's portfolio and corporate risk. We also show no difference in the effect of block diversity on the corporate risk between KOSPI and KOSDAQ. This implies that the difference in portfolio size among corporate blocks reduces corporate risk. This may be due to the effect of inter-block monitoring activities in the Korean securities market, which benefits from block diversity. This empirical result supports previous studies that predicted that block diversity would have beneficial influences on firm monitoring in general. This study is significant in that it analyzes the relationship between block diversity and firm risk and provides relevant information to business practitioners and investors.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.247-260
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• 2022

In the Korean film industry, 'diversity film' was used interchangeably with 'low-budget film' and 'independent/art film'. As the concept of film is transformed into a multi-platform era that expands online and offline, the discussion of media diversity has become important in the film industry as well. At the same time, the movement to expand the inclusion and diversity of minorities in the film industry is also evident. Recently, the global film industry is developing by accepting inclusive film policies based on research and policies from a gender-perspective on female narratives and creatives. This study suggests policy directions to redefine the concept of diversity in the Korean film industry and to expand inclusiveness and diversity for minorities based on previous studies and discussions on the diversity of various dimensions surrounding the film industry.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2010

Species diversity is one of the most important specifications of biological societies. Diversity of organisms, measurement of variety and examination of those hypotheses that are about reasons of diversity are such as affairs that have been desired by the ecologists for a long time. In this research, diversity of plant species in forest region, numbers of 60 sample plots in 256.00 square meters have been considered in random - systematic inventory was considered. In each sample plot, four micro-plots in 2.25 square meters in order to study on herbal cover, were executed that totally 240 micro-plots were considered. At each plot six diversity indices in relation to physiographic factors (slope, geographical aspect and altitude from the sea level) were studied. The results indicate that species diversity is more in the northern direction and also species diversity in slops less than 30% has the most amounts. Factor of altitude from the sea level did not have meaningful relation with species diversity. Through study on correlation of the numbers of species in sample plots with indices and also process and role of indices in different processors of analysis, Simpson's reciprocal index was suggested as suitable index in this type of studies.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.309-312
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• 2014

A novel compact pattern diversity slot antenna for ultra-wideband (UWB) and Bluetooth applications is presented. This antenna consists of two modified coplanar waveguides that feed staircase-shaped radiating elements, wherein two different fork-like stubs are placed at the $45{\circ}$ axis. The measured results show that this proposed antenna operates from 2.3 GHz to 12.5 GHz, covering Bluetooth, WLAN, WiMAX, and UWB. The performance of radiation patterns and the corresponding envelope correlation coefficient prove this antenna is suitable for MIMO/diversity systems. Also, the antenna's compact size makes it a good candidate for portable devices.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.176-183
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• 2016

A study was conducted to assess the genetic diversity among Simmental Cross cattle in West Sumatra using microsatellite DNA markers. A total of 176 individual cattle blood samples was used for obtaining DNA samples. Twelve primers of microsatellite loci as recommended by FAO were used to identify the genetic diversity of the Simmental Cross cattle population. Multiplex DNA fragment analysis method was used for allele identification. All the microsatellite loci in this study were highly polymorphic and all of the identified alleles were able to classify the cattle population into several groups based on their genetic distance. The heterozygosity values of microsatellite loci in this study ranged from 0.556 to 0.782. The polymorphism information content (PIC) value of the 12 observed loci is high (PIC>0.5). The highest PIC value in the Simmental cattle population was 0.893 (locus TGLA53), while the lowest value was 0.529 (locus BM1818). Based on the genetic distance value, the subpopulation of the Simmental Cross-Agam and the Simmental Cross-Limapuluh Kota was exceptionally close to the Simmental Purebred thus indicating that a grading-up process has taken place with the Simmental Purebred. In view of the advantages possessed by the Simmental Cross cattle and the evaluation of the genetic diversity results, a number of subpopulations in this study can be considered as the initial (base) population for the Simmental Cross cattle breeding programs in West Sumatra, Indonesia.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.44 no.6
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• pp.925-935
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• 2022

In this study, we propose a limited feedback-based frequency divided group beamforming with sparse space-frequency transmit diversity coded orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) system for ultrareliable low latency communication (URLLC) scenario. The proposed scheme has several advantages over the traditional hybrid beamforming approach, including not requiring downlink channel state information for baseband precoding, supporting distributed multipoint transmission structures for diversity, and reducing beam sweeping latency with little uplink overhead. These are all positive aspects of physical layer characteristics intended for URLLC. It is suggested in the system to manage the multipoint transmission structure realized by distributed panels using a power allocation method based on cooperative game theory. Link-level simulations demonstrate that the proposed scheme offers reliability by achieving both higher diversity order and array gain in a nonline-of-sight channel of selectivity and limited spatial scattering.