• 한국전산유체공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 2008.03b
• /
• pp.163-167
• /
• 2008

In this study, the 1/35 reduced-scale model experiment were conducted to investigate designed ventilation effect on the smoke movement at rescue station fire in railway tunnel. A model tunnel with 2 mm thick, 10 m long, 0.19 m high and 0.26 m was made by using Froude number scaling law. The cross-passages installing escape door at the center were connected between incident tunnel and rescue tunnel. The n-heptane pool fires with heat release rate 698.97W were used as fire source. The fire source was located at the center and portal of incident tunnel as worst case. A operating ventilation system extracted smoke amount of 0.015 cms(cubic meters per second). The smoke temperature and CO gas concentration in cross-passage were measured to verify designed ventilation system. The result showed that, at center fire case without ventilation, smoke did not propagate to rescues station. In portal fire case, smoke spreaded to rescues station without ventilation. But smoke did not propagated to rescues station with designed ventilation.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
• /
• v.22 no.10
• /
• pp.665-671
• /
• 2010

In the present study a 1D-3D numerical simulation was performed to analyze the fire safety in a rescue station of a long railroad tunnel equipped with a mechanical ventilation. The behavior of hot air was studied for the emergency operation mode of ventilation system in case of fire in the rescue station. The 1D simulation was carried out for entire tunnel region. Detailed 3D CFD simulation was performed for the rescue station area in the central region of the tunnel by using the result of the 1D simulation as the boundary condition of the 3D simulation. Various type of cross passage installation were evaluated for the prevention of smoke diffusion to suggest the optimized interval of the cross passages in the rescue tunnel.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
• /
• v.13 no.1
• /
• pp.87-96
• /
• 2009

Purpose : To grasp the mental burden for legal responsibility that rescue members have in the performance of job. Method : Questionnaire was presented to rescue members serving in 2 direct control safety centers of fire station located in Seoul, Daejon, Incheon, Kwangju, Busan, Daegu and Ulsan. Results : 1. Questioned whether they have mental burden for legal responsibility while performing job on the site, the rescue members responded : very burdensome in 38.0%, burdensome in 56.0%, moderate in 4.5%, not burdensome in 1.0%, no burden at all in 0.5%. 2. Questioned on the first aid treat for which they have the most mental burden, the rescue members responded : intubation into trachea laryngeal mask airway(LMA) in 40.4%, automatic external defibrillator in 16.3%, securing vein providing sap(medicine) in 10.8%, basic cardiopulmonary resuscitation in 7.2%, eliminating foreign matters inserted into body in 5.4%, stanching external bleeding and treating injury in 5.4%, fixing extremities and spine by using splint in 1.8%, measuring the symptom of vitality in 1.2%, providing oxygen in 0.0%. 3. Questioned whether experiencing legal problem or firm petition(complaint) raised by patient while serving as rescue members, they responded : experiencing a complaint in 41.6%, experiencing no complaint in 58.4%. Asked to indicate the stress level in the scale of which they suffered when lawsuit or firm petition was raised, 0(weak)-10(strong), they answered 8.8 in average. 4. Questioned whether 119 rescue members put the legal responsibility in case that they cause damage to patients intentionally in performing, they responded to the inquiry 3.66 in average(of 5.00). It represented meaningful differences (F=2.874, p=.024) whether they had license or not. 5. In future, legal action will raise against the rescue member by 99% because of people's rights improvement(63.1%), high expectations for the rescue system(29.5%), non-licensed rescue members(5.1%). Conclusion : It was found that the rescue members had severe mental burden for advanced life support which was investigated to have low enforcement rate in the preceding research, for instance, intubation into trachea securing vein management by using automatic external defibrillator. To improve the qualitative level of rescue service in the fire fighting, it may be required to construct the environment that eliminates the mental burden of rescue members for legal responsibility.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
• /
• v.12 no.1
• /
• pp.9-15
• /
• 2009

In this study, the l/35 reduced-scale model experiment were conducted to investigate designed ventilation system performance at rescue station in tunnel fire. A model tunnel with 2 mm thick of steel, 10 m long, 0.19 m high and 0.26m was made by using Froude number scaling law. The cross-passages installing escape door at the center. were connected between accident tunnel and rescue tunnel. The n-heptane pool fire, $4cm\times4cm$, with heat release rate 698.97W were used as fire source. The fire source was located in the center and portal of accident tunnel as Worst case.. An operating ventilation system extracted smoke amount of 0.015 cms. The smoke temperature and carbon monoxide. concentration in cross-passage were measured to verify designed ventilation system. The results showed that, in center fire case without ventilation in accident tunnel, smoke did not propagated to rescue station. In portal tire case, smoke spreaded to rescue station without ventilation. But smoke did not propagated to rescue station with designed ventilation.

• Proceedings of KOSOMES biannual meeting
• /
• 2017.11a
• /
• pp.107-107
• /
• 2017

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
• /
• 2008.06a
• /
• pp.2130-2138
• /
• 2008

The present study investigates the ventilation effects on smoke spreading characteristics in railway tunnels with the rescue stations. Experiments were carried out for n-heptane pool fires with a square length 4 cm at different fire locations, and the heat release rates (HRR) were obtained by the measurement of burning rates. In addition, using the commercial code (FLUENT), the present article presents numerical results for smoke behavior in railway tunnels with rescue station, and it uses the MVHS (Modified Volumetric Heat Source) model for estimation of combustion products resulting from the fire source determined from the HRR measurement. As a result, it is found that smoke propagation is prevented successfully by the fire doors located inside the cross-passages and especially, the smoke behavior in the accident tunnel can be controlled through the ventilation system because of substantial change in smoke flow direction in the cross-passages.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
• /
• v.20 no.1
• /
• pp.1-9
• /
• 2018

Visibility is very poor in tunnel fire because of confined space where the fire may easily lead to the mass casuality incident because of fast smoke spread. In this test, air curtain and the fan were installed at rescue station in a bid to make use of rescue station in safe way during the train fire in undersea tunnel and a full-scale fire test was conducted to identify the applicability of air curtain system. Air curtain system was installed at a real rescue station and the test was continued for 2 minutes till heptane which was used as fire source was completely burned out. When air curtain was working, difference in temperature between inside and outside the platform was $160^{\circ}C$ and carbon monoxide measured inside the platform was less than the case of no air curtain system by 160 ppm. Thus a full-scale fire test demonstrated that the air curtain system installed at rescue station in undersea tunnel was able to effectively block the heat and smoke generated from the fire.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
• /
• v.24 no.6
• /
• pp.686-693
• /
• 2018

After the Sewol ferry-sinking incident in 2014, the public interest in safety at sea increased. In order to save and secure the initial response time required for sea rescues, not only the rescue organization, but also the victim needs to save and maintain golden time to secure the necessary time for rescue personnel. The purpose of this study was to investigate ways to maintain the psychological stability of victims during their rescue in the case of a mass rescue operation by using the oil boom installed on board oil spill response vessels. Through buoyancy tests and the development of oil booms in sea areas, it confirmed the buoyancy of two adults weighing 70 kg each per meter of oil boom could be maintained when a lifeline was installed on the side of the oil boom, and that it was possible to keep afloat four persons weighing 70 kg each on both sides of the oil boom. It also confirmed the buoyancy for three adults weighting 70 kg each per eight meters was maintained when riding on the top of the oil boom. As a method of rescue, it was found that the fastest and most accurate way to rescue victims was a rescue boat held at the rear end of the oil boom to lead to victims. In conclusion, the rescue team could utilize the oil boom installed on board the oil spill response vessel located near the marine accident site to save and secure the initial response time required for the rescue team to arrive. The victims in distress holding onto the lifeline or riding on the top of oil boom kept afloat at sea could maintain their psychological stability until the mass rescue operation initiated.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Railway
• /
• v.11 no.3
• /
• pp.294-299
• /
• 2008

The present study investigates the ventilation effects on smoke spreading with the rescue stations. Experiments for tunnel fires were carried out for n-heptane pool em at different fire locations, and the heat release rates (HRR) were obtained by addition, using the commercial code (FLUENT), the present article presents numerical results for smoke behavior in railway tunnels with rescue station, and it uses the MVHS (Modified Volumetric Heat Source) model for estimation of combustion products resulting from the fire source determined from the HRR measurement. As a result, it is found that smoke propagation is prevented successfully by the fire doors located inside the cross-passages and especially, the smoke behavior in the accident tunnel can be controlled through the ventilation system because of substantial change in smoke flow direction in the cross-passages.

• The Korean Journal of Emergency Medical Services
• /
• v.9 no.1
• /
• pp.33-41
• /
• 2005

In Korea, the number of those who were drowned of the dead by 'accident and injury' ranked the third of causes of death is over 2,300 people a year. So the Ministry of Home Affairs arranged '119 drowning rescue team' at frequent occurrence regions of drowning temporarily as a part of drowning rescue measures during every summer season and made perfection more perfect for safety control and rescue services at prevention areas of accidents. However, considering that the number of professional drowning rescuers is small and it is managed temporarily only for summer, the placement of special rescue team equipped with professional education and qualification should be ensured and quick lifesaving and first-aid treatment should be conducted, since much time is required to arrive at accident place after receiving accident report at 119 office, rapid rescue and relief have not been achieved. Therefore, the placement of special rescue team should be increased for reducing the personal damages by considering regional characteristics and in particular placement of more drowning rescue teams in Jeonnam region which has more seas and rivers is needed This study aims at analyzing relief activities and statistics to cope with water accidents and achieve qualitative growth of first-aid services, examining actual conditions of water accident relief team and personnel assignment, providing first-aid services of good quality and establishing improvement methods to increase operation of relief team.