• 한국학교ㆍ지역보건교육학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.13-24
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• 2013

Background & Objectives: The aim of the study was to investigate characteristics and relationship among University students' attitude to reproductive health, value of marriage and children Methods: With a descriptive survey design, a self-report study was conducted and collected 470 responses from university students in Chungcheongnam-Do. Descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson's correlation coefficients were used to analyze data. Results: It was found that there were significantly different in attitude to reproductive health according to the following variables: age(F=2.91, p<.05), college(F=2.49, p<.05), sexual experience(t=7.54, p<.001). value of marriage was significantly different according to gender(t=-7.05, p<.001), college(F=4.42, p<.05), plan to marriage(t=-5.58, p<.001) and plan to having children(t=-4.30, p<.001). Value of children was significantly different according to gender(t=4.52, p<.001), plan to marriage(t=-4.30, p<.001) and plan to having children(t=6.33, p<.001). Attitude to reproductive health was significantly correlated with value of marriage(t=6.33, p<.001), value of marriage was significantly correlated with value of child(r=.224, p<.01). Conclusion: These results suggest that education for improving attitude to reproductive health, value of marriage and child are necessary to overcome low fertility. In addition, it is needed to further research and at the national level policy.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제63권4호
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• pp.904-918
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• 2021

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of cooling systems on reproductive performance, body temperature, blood metabolites, and the intestinal microbiome in early gestating sows exposed to high ambient temperature. In total, 39 pregnant sows (Landrace × Yorkshire; 2 parities) were randomly assigned to and maintained in the following three treatment groups (13 sows per group) over days 0 to 35 of pregnancy: (i) air cooling (AC; 26.87 ± 1.23℃), (ii) water-drip cooling (WC; 28.81 ± 0.91℃), and (iii) a lack of cooling with heat stress (HS; 30.72 ± 0.70℃). Backfat thickness was measured before and after HS. Feces were collected on day 0 and 35 d of the trial for microbiome analysis, whereas blood was taken at day 35 of pregnancy and analyzed. Reproductive performance and physiological responses were identified at day 35. Respiration rate along with rectal and skin temperatures were lower (p < 0.05) in the AC group than in the HS and WC groups. Serum blood urea nitrogen values were increased (p < 0.05) in the WC group compared with those measured in the AC and HS groups. Triiodothyronine was found at greater levels (p < 0.05) in the AC than in the HS group. Reproductive performance was not affected by the cooling systems. At the phylum level, fecal pathogenic Spirochaete and Euryarchaeota were found in higher numbers (p < 0.05) in all groups after HS. Similarly, at the genus level, the amount of Treponema was greater (p < 0.05) in all groups after HS. In conclusion, our results suggest that AC or WC can ameliorate or mitigate the adverse effects of HS on the physiological parameters of pregnant sows reared under high temperatures.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제36권12호
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• pp.1860-1868
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• 2023

Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of optimal trace mineral levels on the physiological responses, reproductive performance, litter performance, blood profiles and milk composition in gestating sows. Methods: A total of 59 multiparous sows (Yorkshire×Landrace) with similar body weight (BW), backfat thickness (BF), and parity were assigned to one of four treatments with 14 or 15 sows per treatment using a completely randomized design. The treatments were 100% (M1), 300% (M3), 600% (M6), and 900% (M9) of the National Research Council (NRC) Nutrient Requirements of Swine. During lactation period, all the sows were fed the same commercial lactation diet. Results: No significant differences were observed in the BW, BF, reproductive performance, milk composition, or growth performance of the piglets. On day 70 of gestation, the serum zinc concentration showed a quadratic response to M6 treatment (quadratic, p<0.05). Moreover, as the dietary mineral levels increased, the zinc concentration increased linearly at 110 days of gestation (linear, p<0.05). Furthermore, copper and iron concentrations in the serum of sows at 24 h postpartum decreased linearly when high levels of dietary minerals were provided (linear, p<0.05). In the serum of piglets, serum zinc concentrations decreased linearly (linear, p<0.05), and iron concentration showed a quadratic response (quadratic, p<0.05) with an increase in trace mineral premix levels in gestation diets. Conclusion: The current trace mineral requirements of NRC (2012) are suitable for gestating sows, and the addition of dietary mineral levels in the gestating diet did not show any improvements during the gestation and lactation periods.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제38권3호
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• pp.159-163
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• 2011

Objective: To compare the IVF outcomes of mild ovarian stimulation with conventional ovarian stimulation in poor responders. Methods: From 2004 to 2009, 389 IVF cycles in 285 women showed poor responses (defined as either a basal FSH level ${\geq}$12 mIU/mL, or the number of retrieved oocytes ${\leq}$3, or serum $E_2$ level on hCG day <500 pg/mL) were analyzed, retrospectively. In total, 119 cycles with mild ovarian stimulation (m-IVF) and 270 cycles with conventional ovarian stimulation (c-IVF) were included. Both groups were divided based on their age, into groups over and under 37 years old. Results: The m-IVF group was lower than the c-IVF group in the duration of stimulation, total doses of gonadotropins used, serum $E_2$ level on hCG day, the number of retrieved oocytes, and the number of mature oocytes. However, there was no significant difference in the number of good embryos, the number of transferred embryos, the cancellation rate, or the clinical pregnancy rate. In the m-IVF group over 37 years old, the clinical pregnancy rate and live birth rate were higher when compared with the c-IVF group, but this result was not statistically significant. Conclusion: In poor responder groups, mild ovarian stimulation is more cost effective and patient friendly than conventional IVF. Therefore, we suggest that mild ovarian stimulation could be considered for poor responders over 37 years old.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 1996

다배란 수정란이식(MOET)과 체외수정(IVF)기술을 이용한 육종체계에서 예상되는 유전적 개량량을 여러 집단의 크기에서 비교한 결과 체외수정기술이 MOET육종기술보다 특히 개량대상 유전력이 낮을때 훨씬 효율적으로 나타났다. 그러나 유전력이 높아지면 (h$^2$=0.3, 0.5), MOET와 IVF간의 상대적 차이는 미진하게 나타났다. 체외수정을 이용한 육종기술에서 암컷의 선발 강도는 대단히 높일 수 있는 반면 난자의 회수율이 많을수록 상대적으로 수컷에 대한 선발 강도는 낮아진다. 그 이유는 한 가계에서 근친을 피하기 위해 한 마리의 수컷만 선발해야 하므로 수소의 선발강도는 난자의 회수율이 높을수록 상대적으로 낮아진다. 여러 수준의 난자회수율(10, 20, 30, 50, 100)중에서 30일 때 가장 높은 유전적 개량을 나타내었다. (Key word: MOET, IVF,selection responses)

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제15권5호
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• pp.155-163
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• 2012

This study was carried out to monitor reproductive responses of great tits in 17 urban forests in Daegu metropolitan city. The reproductive perspectives of great tits were surveyed by using 106 artificial bird nests, of which five or seven nests were set up in every urban forest. A ratio of artificial nests used by great tits for their reproduction was 27.4%. It was showing that forests, where the reproductive response was higher, was located at the edge of the city, or was known as having a good vegetation structure in the urban area. The laying date of a great tit was a little earlier in forests in the middle of the city. It might be dependent on the density of artificial land uses including a residential area and an industrial complex, which are able to increase an urban micro-temperature. Otherwise, natural forests or forest patches nearby natural forests located at the edge of the city were showing that the laying date of great tits was relatively later than the oneee in the forest in the middle of the city. There was a big difference of reproduction perspectives of great tit between the 1st and 2nd reproduction. In the 1st reproduction, a clutch size was larger, while an egg volume was so low. Otherwise, the clutch size was shown so smaller in the 2nd reproduction than in the 1st reproduction, while the egg volume was larger in the 2nd reproduction. It might be due to the survival strategy of a great tit to prepare the winter season for a juvenile. Many variables, regarding to the problem of climate changes, have been linked to the environment of urban area and the bird habitats. Finally, Monitoring a bird reproduction is a valuable work for managing an urban forest as well as for conserving a natural forest.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.78-83
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• 2000

The objective of this study was to prevalidate the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development's (OECD) rodent uterotrophic assay as a test method for screening of potential endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs). This study was conducted exactly as described in the OECD protocol documents. A positive control substance, 17$\alpha$-ethinyl estradiol (EE), was administered daily for three days to ovariectomized (OVX) Sprague-Dawley rats at various doses for determine the dose-response curve. Additionally, a pure antiestrogenic chemical, ZM189, 154 was administered to OVX rats at the same time EE to determine the effectiveness of the material against blocking the estrogenic effects of EE. At higher concentration of EE (10 $\mu\textrm{g}$/kg), a statistically significant difference in body weight gain and food consumption was observed compared to vehicle controls. In uterine responses, EE produced a dose-related increase in uterus weights compared to vehicle control. These increases were statistically significant at the >1.0 $\mu\textrm{g}$/kg doses. However, a similar dose-response relationship was not observed in vagina weight. A comparison of the two groups receiving ZM189,154 (0.1 and 1.0 mg/kg) with 0.3 $\mu\textrm{g}$/kg of EE and the group receiving only 0.3 $\mu\textrm{g}$/kg of EE showed dose-related decreases in uterus weights. However, statistical significance was shown in 1.0 mg/kg of ZM189,154. In conclusion, administration of EE produced a dose-related increase in uterine (wet and blotted) weights. Additionally, the 1.0mg/kg dose of ZM189,154 was effective in blocking the estrogenic activity of EE. These data suggest 3-day uterotrophic assay using OVX rats may serve as a good tool for EDCs screening.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.155-162
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• 2013

Objective: Stress is known to be an inhibitor of the reproductive hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis. However, the neural and molecular connections between stress and reproduction are not yet understood. It is well established that in both humans and rodents, kisspeptin (encoded by the kiss1 gene) is a strong stimulator of the HPG axis. In the present study we hypothesized that endocannabinoids, an important neuromodulatory system in the brain, can act on the HPG axis at the level of kiss1 expression to inhibit reproductive function under stress. Methods: Adult male Wistar rats were unilaterally implanted with an intracerebroventricular cannula. Afterwards, the animals were exposed to immobilization stress, with or without the presence of the cannabinoid CB1 receptor antagonist AM251 (1 ${\mu}g/rat$). Blood samples were collected through a retro-orbital plexus puncture before and after stress. Five hours after the stress, brain tissue was collected for reverse transcriptase-quantitative polymerase chain reaction measurements of kiss1 mRNA. Results: Immobilization stress (1 hour) resulted in a decrease in the serum luteinizing hormone concentration. Additionally, kiss1 gene expression was decreased in key hypothalamic nuclei that regulate gonadotrophin secretion, the medial preoptic area (mPOA), and to some extent the arcuate nucleus (ARC). A single central administration of AM251 was effective in blocking these inhibitory responses. Conclusion: These findings suggest that endocannabinoids mediate, at least in part, immobilization stress-induced inhibition of the reproductive system. Our data suggest that the connection between immobilization stress and the HPG axis is kiss1 expression in the mPOA rather than the ARC.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.213-217
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• 1994

The effect of ccocaine on reproductive system were studied in male ICR mice. daily injection of cocaine HCL (10, and 40 mg/kg s.c for 15 days) disrupted epididymal sperm levels and testicular morphology. These disruptions were manifested in a decreased number of sperum, an increased number of dead sperm as compared with control vehicle, and wre evidenced by vacuolations, multinucleated giant cell formations and coagulation necrosis in the testicular seminiferous tubules. Responses in the current study were trended in dose dependent pattem. These results suggest that thronic cocaine intoxication can perturb on male reproductive organ functioning.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.217-222
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• 2010

To determine whether or not the female Korean salamander, Hynobius leechii, responds to water currents and, if so, whether those responses depend on their reproductive conditions, we evaluated the responses of ovulated and oviposited females to 1-Hz water currents generated by a model salamander with and without the placement of a transparent water current blocker between the model and the test females. The ovulated females responded to water currents by turning their heads toward, approaching, and/or making physical contact with the model. When the water current blocker was in place, the number of salamanders that approached the model was reduced significantly. The approaching and touching responses of ovulated females were greater than those of oviposited females, whereas the other measurements evidenced no differences. None of the responses of the oviposited females to water currents was affected by the presence of the blocker. Our results indicate that female H. leechii responds to water currents via a mechanosensory system.