• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.634-641
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• 2014

본 연구에서는 지구온난화 조건에서 한국의 주요 작물인 백태와 서목태의 식물계절, 잎 수, 원줄기의 마디 수, 가지 수, 식물개체당 총 종자 수와 총 꼬투리 수, 식물개체당 총 종자 무게, 꼬투리당 종자 수 그리고 종자 하나의 무게에 대한 반응을 알아보았다. 이를 위해 $CO_2$농도가 일반 대기조건과 같은 대조구와, $CO_2$농도와 온도를 상승시킨 처리구에서 두 종의 콩을 생육시켜 관찰하였다. $CO_2$농도는 540 ppm으로, 온도는 처리구가 대조구보다 $2.2^{\circ}C$ 상승하도록 설계하였다. 그 결과 백태의 최초 개엽시기, 서목태의 최초 개화시기와 열매성숙시기는 대조구보다 처리구에서 늦어졌다. 백태와 서목태의 잎, 가지 그리고 원줄기의 마디의 수는 대조구와 처리구간에 차이가 없었으나 서목태의 가지 수는 처리구에서 6월에만 적었다. 백태의 종자 하나당 무게와 꼬투리당 종자 수는 대조구와 처리구 간 차이가 없었으나, 식물개체당 총 꼬투리 수와 식물개체당 총 종자 수는 대조구보다 처리구에서 적었다. 그러나 식물개체당 총 종자무게는 대조구와 처리구 간에 차이가 없었다. 서목태의 종자 하나당 무게와 꼬투리당 종자 수는 대조구와 처리구 간 차이가 없었으나, 식물개체당 총 꼬투리 수는 대조구보다 처리구에서 적었다. 또, 식물개체당 총 종자 수는 대조구와 처리구간 차이가 없었으나, 식물개체당 총 종자 무게는 대조구보다 처리구에서 더 가벼웠다. 이상으로 볼 때, 지구온난화로 백태는 종자 수가 감소하고 서목태는 최초 개엽, 개화, 성숙시기, 그리고 가지 형성시기가 늦어지며, 그 결과 꼬투리 수와 종자 무게가 감소되어 생산량이 줄어들 것이다. 이러한 개체군의 생장을 연구하는 것은 지구온난화에 대한 육상식물의 생태적 반응 연구에 중요한 자료로 활용될 것이다.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.821-828
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 한국 멸종위기식물인 분홍장구채의 보전 및 인공재배를 위해 식물공장 내 인공적인 광 조건에서 일어나는 생리와 개화반응 특성을 알아보았다. 이를 위해 분홍장구채를 식물공장의 각 챔버에 적색광, 청색광, 백색광, 적색+원적색 혼합광, 적색+청색 혼합광 그리고 적색+청색+백색 혼합광 하에서 재배하여 광합성률, 증산률, 기공전도도, 수분이용효율, 엽록소함량, 최소엽록소형광, 최대엽록소형광, 광계II의 광화학적 효율 그리고 잎과 꽃 수를 측정하였다. 그 결과 적색 단일광과 적색+원적색 혼합광에서 분홍장구채는 가장 많이 개화하였으며, 이 광조건에서는 광합성률, 증산률 그리고 기공전도도는 상대적으로 다른 조건보다 높았으나 수분이용효율은 차이가 없었으며, 엽록소함량은 적었다. 특히 최소 및 최대 엽록소형광과 광계II의 광화학적 효율은 적색 단일광 조건에서 다른 광 조건보다 낮았다. 이러한 결과는 분홍장구채의 꽃의 생산을 위해서는 적색 단일광이나 적색+원적색의 인공광 조건에서 재배하는 것이 효율적이라는 것을 의미한다.

• 한국습지학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.381-386
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• 2013

멸종위기수생식물 선제비꽃이 증가된 $CO_2$농도와 온도에 생태적으로 어떻게 반응하는지 알아보기 위하여 연구를 실시하였다. 실험은 2007년부터 2012년까지 야외조건인 대조구와 $CO_2$농도 + 온도를 증가시킨 처리구에서 개체생태학적으로 생육반응을 모니터링하였다. 그 결과 지상부 길이, 개체 당 가지 수, 개체 당 열매 수, 열매 당 종자 수, 가지 당 열매 수와 종자무게는 처리구에서 대조구보다 낮았으나, 가지 당 잎 수는 많았고, 꽃대길이, 가지 길이와 개체 당 잎 수는 차이가 없었다. 이러한 결과 $CO_2$농도와 온도가 증가하면 선제비꽃의 가지 수는 줄어들지만 가지에 붙은 잎 수를 늘리는 반응을 하며, 종자생산이 감소하여 번식에 부정적임을 의미한다. 그래서 지구온난화현상은 멸종위기의 주요한 원인 중 하나가 될 것으로 판단된다.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.115-121
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• 2001

Some of endocrine disruptors with sexual hormone-like effects have been increasingly reported to be immunotoxic in many species in recent several years. Phthalate esters have possible effects on the endocrine system. Prenatal exposure to di(n-butyl) phthalate (DBP) has been reported to impair the androgen-dependent development of the male reproductive tract in rat. Therefore, the immunomodulatory effect of DBP was investigated in the developing immune system of fetal and neonatal Sprague-Dawley rats. Timed-bred pregnant SD rats were given to the doses of 0, 250, 500, and 750 mg DBP/kg$\cdot$ body weight /day by gavage once a day from gestational day (GD) 5 to 18. On GD19 or GD22/postnatal day one (PD1), the dams were euthanized, and the changes in organ weights and thymus phenotypes were examined for their offsprings. At 750 mg DBP/kg$\cdot$b.w./day in maternal exposure group, GD19 fetuses showed decreases in body weight. The spleen/body weight ratios were reduced in GD 19 fetuses from the dams exposed to 500 and 750 mg DBP/kg$\cdot$b.w./day. There were no significant changes in thymus and spleen cellularities though these cellularities showed a tendency to decrease in a dose dependent way. In the DBP-exsposed GD22/PD1 offsprings, the body weights, the relative organ weights and the cellularities did not exhibit alteration. Additionally, the percentages of CD3$^{+}$(CD4$^{+}$CD8$^{+}$, CD4$^{+}$CD8$^{-}$, CD4$^{-}$CD8$^{+}$, and CD4$^{-}$CD8$^{-}$) and CD3$^{-}$(CD4$^{+}$CD8$^{+}$, CD4$^{+}$CD8$^{-}$, CD4$^{-}$CD8$^{+}$, and CD4$^{-}$CD8$^{-}$) thymocyte subsets were not changed in any DBP-treated group. The proliferative responses of splenic T cells to Con A and B cells to LPS were decreased in all DBP-exposed GD22/PD1 offsprings.

• 한국환경독성학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국환경독성학회 2003년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.181-182
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• 2003

Exposure to some synthetic environmental chemicals and their metabolites cause reproductive problems in a variety of vertebrate via endocrine mechanisms. However, in most cases, the link between these compounds and adverse effects on humans, fish, and wildlife has not been established, which necessitates a closer look at the molecular, functional, and clinical implications of these chemicals in the environment. Calbindin-D9k (CaBP-9k) is a member of a largo family of intracellular calcium binding proteins that have high affinities for calcium. It was reported that the estrogen level of uterus affected the expression of the CaBP-9k gene in rat uterus. We examined the dose-dependent CaBP-9K gene expression in the uterus for three-days injection of methoxychlor (HC) in the overectomized immature rats and the relation with uterotrophic response of the compoundsand compared the responses induced by MC according to the route of administration.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.227-232
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• 2011

This survey was conducted to investigate the current status of swine artificial insemination(AI) centers registered as 'semen processing business' in Korea. The survey responses were collected by direct visitation or telephone conversation for 5 months from May through September in 2008. The survey showed that sixty-four AI centers were enrolled in local government and those of fifty-two AI centers were under operation. Forty-nine AI centers surveyed owned a total of 3,334 boars and the Duroc breed accounted for the highest rate(73.1%) of all boar breeds. In type of ownership, agricultural management corporations was the highest(42.3%) and followed by private ownership(34.6%). Large-scale AI centers in terms of own over 151 boar were surveyed as 5.9% and most AI centers own less than 100 boars(86.5%). The average number of boars per AI center was 68. The amount of liquid semen provided by 52 AI centers were 1,791,000 doses and each AI center provides average of 39,000 does, which is represented for 90% consumption by sows in Korea.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.100-105
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• 2005

Mancozeb (MCZ) is known to have detrimental effects on the reproductive system, but the toxicity of MCZ on immune responses has not been systematically investigated. We investigated the effects of MCZ exposure on the activities of murine peritoneal macrophages through evaluation of MCZ-induced alteration of nitric oxide (NO) production and tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}(TNF-\alpha)$ synthesis. Macrophages were examined ex vivo from mice orally treated with various doses of MCZ for 5 consecutive days per week for 4 weeks (subacute exposure, 250, 1000, 1500 mg/kg/day) followed by culture for 2 $(TNF-{\alpha})$ or 3 days (NO) in the presence of LPS plus $IFN-{\gamma}$. Macrophages from naive mice were also cultured with various concentrations of MCZ (0.05, 0.25, 0.5, 1 and 2 ${\mu}g//mIL$ in the presence of LPS plus $IFN-{\gamma}$ for 2 $(TNF-{\alpha})$ or 3 days (NO) in vitro. NO production was decreased with the in vitro exposure to all concentrations of MCZ. However, the amount of NO production by peritoneal macrophages from MCZ-subacutely exposed mice was increased in comparision with that of control group. In vitro, MCZ suppressed $(TNF-\alpha)$ secretion with significant reduction at 2 ${\mu}g/mL$ MCZ. Conversely, $(TNF-{\alpha})$ release was enhanced ex vivo. This study provides the substantial evidence on MCZ-induced alternation in macrophage activity. In order to clearly understand the contrasting effect of MCZ on peritoneal macrophage activity, it is necessary to further investigate the influence of major metabolite of MCZ (ETU) exposure on the NO production and $(TNF-{\alpha})$ synthesis.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제51권2호
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• pp.247-253
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• 2013

Neospora caninum is the etiologic agent of bovine neosporosis, which affects the reproductive performance of cattle worldwide. The transmembrane protein, NcSRS2, and dense-granule protein, NcGRA7, were identified as protective antigens based on their ability to induce significant protective immune responses in murine neosporosis models. In the current study, NcSRS2 and NcGRA7 genes were spliced by overlap-extension PCR in a recombinant adenovirus termed Ad5-NcSRS2-NcGRA 7, expressing the NcSRS2-NcGRA7 gene, and the efficacy was evaluated in mice. The results showed that the titer of the recombinant adenovirus was $10^9TCID_{50}/ml$. Three weeks post-boost immunization (w.p.b.i.), the IgG antibody titer in sera was as high as 1:4,096. IFN-${\gamma}$ and IL-4 levels were significantly different from the control group (P<0.01). This research established a solid foundation for the development of a recombinant adenovirus vaccine against bovine N. caninum.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.137-150
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• 2008

Sexually mature male and female rats were orally intubated with the organophosphorus insecticide, Pestban at a daily dosage of 7.45 or 3.72 mg/kg bwt, equivalent to 1/20 and 1/40 $LD_{50}$, respectively. Male rats were exposed for 70 days, while the female rats were exposed for 14 days, premating, during mating and throughout the whole length of gestation and lactation periods till weaning. The results showed depressed acetylcholinesterase(AChE) activity in the brain of parents, fetuses and their placentae in a dose-dependent manner. The fertility was significantly reduced with increasing the dose in both treated groups, with more pronounced suppressive effects in the male treated group. The number of implantation sites and viable fetuses were significantly reduced in pregnant females of both treated groups. However, the number of resorptions, dead fetuses, and pre-and postimplantation losses were significantly increased. The incidence of resorptions was more pronounced in treated female compared to male group and was dose dependant. The behavioral responses as well as fetal survival and viability indices were altered in both treated groups during the lactation period. The incidence of these effects was more pronounced in the treated female group and occurred in a dose-related manner. The recorded morphological, visceral, and skeletal anomalies were significantly increased with increasing the dose in fetuses of both treated groups, with more pronounced effects on fetuses of treated females. In conclusion, the exposure of adult male and female rats to Pestban would cause adverse effects on fertility and reproduction.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권12호
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• pp.4895-4900
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• 2015

Physician recommendation is an important predictor of HPV vaccine acceptance; however, physician willingness and preferences regarding HPV vaccination may be influenced by factors including patient age, vaccine type, and cost. A cross-sectional survey was administered to a convenience sample of health care providers in Da Nang, Vietnam, to evaluate awareness, perceptions about HPV and HPV vaccines, and willingness to vaccinate a female patient. Willingness to vaccinate was evaluated using a full-factorial presentation of scenarios featuring the following factors: vaccine cost (free vs 1,000,000 VND), patient age (12, 16, or 22 years), and HPV vaccine type (bivalent vs quadrivalent). Responses from 244 providers were analyzed; providers had a mean age of $34{\pm}11.9$ years; a majority were female, married, and had children of their own. Thirty-six percent specialized in obstetrics/gynecology and 24% were providers in family medicine. Of the three factors considered in conjoint analysis, vaccine cost was the most important factor in willingness to vaccinate, followed by patient age, and vaccine type. The most favorable scenario for vaccinating a female patient was when the vaccine was free, the patient was 22 years of age, and the HPV4 vaccine was described. In multivariable analysis, older age, being a physician, being married, and having children were all associated with increased willingness to recommend HPV vaccination (p<0.05). Provider willingness is an important aspect of successful HPV vaccination programs; identifying preferences and biases in recommendation patterns will highlight potential areas for education and intervention.