• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.205-212
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• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to survey the health behaviors related to reproductive health, reproductive health history, and sexual behaviors of college students in local areas. Method: With a survey design, 792 college students from C and D areas were recruited to assess health behaviors such as smoking and alcohol drinking, as well as history of reproductive health and sexual behaviors. The data were collected by a self-administered questionnaire from November to December, 2007. Result: Mean age of the students was 20.8(SD=1.96) and gender distribution was 29.2% for male and 70.8% for female. Unhealthy behaviors were alcohol drinking, smoking, excessive weight loss, and irregular exercise; unsafe sex practices were experience of sexual intercourse with multiple sex partners and history of sexually transmitted disease (STD). Male students had more alcohol drinking (p=.04), smoking(p<.001), excessive weight loss(p=.01), experience of sexual intercourse with multiple sex partners(p<.001), history of STD(p=.025) compared to females. On the other hands, female students participated in regular exercise less than males(p<.001). Conclusion: College students seem to perform unhealthy behaviors related to reproductive health and less effective way of safe sex practices. Therefore, a planned education program for reproductive health promotion operated by college level is needed to assess and improve the level of reproductive health in college students.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.305-312
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• 2002

Objectives : The reproductive history of women has been suggested to have a possible influence on the risk of osteoporotic fractures. The purpose of this study was to assess the association between reproductive history and hip fractures in the elderly women. Methods : The study subjects were drawn from women members of the Korean Elderly Pharmacoepidemiologic Cohort (KEPEC), aged 65 years or over, whose reproductive histories were available, and who were beneficiaries of the Korea Medical Insurance Corporation (KMIC) in 1993 and lived in Busan city, Korea. The information on reproductive histories, and possible confounders, were collected from mailed questionnaires. Potential hip fracture cases were collected from the claims data obtained between 1993 and 1998, with a hospital survey conducted to confirm the final diagnoses. Rate ratios and their 95% confidence intervals, were calculated using a Cox's proportional hazard model. Results : Following up 5,215 women for 6 years, 51 cases were confirmed with hip fractures. When adjusted for age, weight and physical activity, the rate ratio of hip fractures in women who had given birth three or more times was 0.56 (95% CI: 0.25-1.25), compared with those who had given birth two or less times. When adjusted for age, number of births, weight and physical activity, the rate ratio in women who first gave birth when younger than 22 years was 0.60 (95% CI: 0.34-1.08) compared with those who had giving birth at 22 years or older. Conclusions : According to these findings, an early age when first giving birth might decrease the risk of hip fractures in elderly Korean women.

• Ocean Science Journal
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.127-133
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• 2008

Reproductive patterns of an epifaunal amphipod, Pontogeneia rostrata, were studied on Dolsando sandy shore in Korea. The life history pattern was iteroparous, with recruitment mainly occurring from winter to spring. The sex ratio was malebiased, especially during breeding periods. The mean body length of females was significantly larger than that of males. Brood size and egg volume were positively related to the body length of ovigerous females. There was no significant difference in brood size between successive breeding periods, but egg volumes were significantly higher in early winter (December) than in late spring breeding (May and June), increasing the probability of survival to hatching. These traits contribute to more reproductive potential in early winter than in late spring breeding. The mean brood size of epifaunal P. rostrata was larger but the mean egg volume smaller than that of infaunal amphipods in this sampling area. We suggest that reproductive effort for epifaunal species may be proportionally greater than for infaunal species in risky environments.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.147-151
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• 1998

The reproductive phenology of Gracilaria verrucosa was studied in Cheongsapo near Pusan, Korea. Among the life history phases, tetrasporic plants occurred dominantly in varying degrees of abundance throughout the year except from July to September. Cystocarpic plants increased rapidly during summer, and then recorded maximum abundance in July. Whereas, seasonal peaks of spermatangial plants were observed in April and September. However, they were less than cystocarpic plants in abundance. Vegetative plants dominated from December to May for long period, with a occurrence peak in February. Even though fertile plants in both gametophytes and tetrasporophytes occurred throughout the year, their seasonal abundance suggests that the positive correlation between reproduction and water temperature is basically found in the reproductive pattern of Gracilaria verrucosa. The distributional aspect of life history phases appears to be related with differences of their longevity, fecundity or survivorship.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.222-227
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• 2011

Objective: To evaluate the ability of serum anti-M$\ddot{u}$llerian hormone (AMH), FSH, and age to clinically predict ovarian response to controlled ovarian hyperstimulation (COH) in IVF patients with endometriosis. Methods: We evaluated 91 COH cycles, including 43 cycles with endometriosis (group I) and 48 cycles with male factor infertility (group II) from January to December, 2010. Patients were classified into study groups based on their surgical history of endometriosis-group Ia (without surgical history, n=16), group Ib (with a surgical history, n=27). Results: The mean age was not significantly different between group I and group II. However, AMH and FSH were significantly different between group I and group II ($1.9{\pm}1.9$ ng/mL vs. $4.1{\pm}2.9$ ng/mL, $p$ <0.01; $13.1{\pm}7.2$ mIU/mL vs. $8.6{\pm}3.3$ mIU/mL, $p$ <0.01). Furthermore, the number of retrieved oocytes and the number of matured oocytes were significantly lower in group I than in group II. In group II, AMH and FSH as well as age were significant predictors of retrieved oocytes on univariate analysis. Only the serum AMH level was a significant predictor of poor ovarian response in women with endometriosis. Conclusion: Serum AMH may be a better predictor of the ovarian response of COH in patients with endometriosis than basal FSH or age. AMH level can be considered a useful clinical predictor of poor ovarian response in endometriosis patients.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.105-114
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of obesity at diagnosis on the prognosis of Korean breast cancer patients after classifying them according to their reproductive history and age by comparing the overall survival rate (OS) and disease-free survival rate (DFS). This study is a retrospective cohort study using 4181 breast cancer cases at one of the medical centers in Korea during the 3 year period from 2006 to 2008. We confirmed the levels of death and recurrence through a follow-up study completed in May 30. 2015. In conclusion, the parous patients had a lower OS than the non-parous patients (p=.000), and the younger patients below 40 years old had a lower OS and DFS than those who were 40 years old or older (p=.003, p=.000), while obesity did not affect the OS and DFS significantly. However, several subgroups in which obesity affected the OS and DFS were found after classifying the patients according to their reproductive history and age. For the subgroups classified by reproductive history, the obese patients had a lower OS and DFS than the non-obese patients in the subgroup in which the patients have a reproductive history (p=.001, p=.005). For the subgroups classified according to age, the obese patients had a lower OS and DFS than the non-obese patients in the subgroup in which the patients were 40 years old or older (p=.005, p=.014). Obesity affected the OS and DFS in the subgroup in which the patients were 40 years old or older and had a reproductive history (p=.000, p=.003). The results of this study show that obesity has an effect on the prognosis of breast cancer patients in the subgroups classified by reproductive history and age, whereas it has no effect on the OS and DFS of the patients when they are examined in their entirety. It also suggests that appropriate nursing intervention is needed for the subgroups in which obesity has effects on prognosis.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Fisheries Technology Conference
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• 2001.05a
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• pp.457-458
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• 2001

Reproductive and life history patterns of marine amphipods are influenced by a variety of biotic and abiotic factors. Those factors may vary on local scales or along geographic patterns and result local or geographic variations in reproduction and life history. Although many studies in life history of amphipods were carried out at various habitats, limited information on the life history and reproduction at a shallow sandy shore 〈 1 m depth is available (Bear and Moore, 1996). (omitted)

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.17 no.10
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• pp.4791-4796
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• 2016

Objectives: The purpose of this investigation was to examine the association between endometrial cancer and possible etiological agents. Methods: A case-control study was conducted in Iran between March 2012 and May 2016. The demographic and reproductive factors of 205 women with endometrial cancer were compared, and 590 healthy cases were participated in the control group. For each endometrial cancer case, there were three controls, who were matched in terms of age and residence. The data were considered significant at $p{\leq}0.05$. Results: After adjusting the variables, the nulliparity (OR 6.23, 95% CI 2.86-13.59), the nulligravidity (OR 5.94, 95% CI 2.51-14.06), the positive family history of reproductive cancer (OR 4.97, 95% CI 2.33-10.59), the infertility history (OR 2.38, 95%CI 1.32-4.31), the obesity ($BMI{\geq}25$) (OR 1.71, 95% CI 1.16-2.52), the early menarche age (<12 years) (OR 2.10, 95% CI 1.17-3.75), and the hormonal contraception use (OR 1.69, 95% CI 1.15-2.49) were found to be associated with an increased risk of endometrial cancer. Nevertheless, the education level, the job of women, the marital age, the leisure activities, and the breast feeding were not found to be associated with the endometrial cancer after adjusting the variables. Conclusion: Scheduling of the screening program is vitally indispensable to identify endometrial cancer in women with nulliparity, nulligravidity and the positive family history of cancer. In addition, women with early menarche, those with the history of infertility, the obese ones, and those who use contraception pills need to be particularly aware of the potential risks.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.395-408
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• 2013

Environmental condition can induce changes in early life-history traits in order to maximise the ecological fitness. Here I investigated how temperature change and variation in human aquatic activity/behaviour affect early life-history consequences in fish using a dynamic-state-dependent model. In this study, I developed a general fish's life-history model including three life-history states depend-ing on foraging activity, such as body mass, mass of reproductive tissue (i.e., gonadal development) and accumulated stress (i.e., cellular or physiological damage). I assumed the level of foraging activity maximises reproductive success-ultimately, fitness. The model predicts that growth rate, development of reproductive tissues and damage accumulation are greater in higher temperature whereas higher human aquatic activity rapidly reduced the growth rate and development of reproductive tissue and increased damage accumulation. While higher foraging activity in higher temperature is less affected by human aquatic activity, the foraging activity in lower temperature rapidly declined with human aquatic activity. Moreover, lower survival rate in higher temperature or human aquatic activity was independent on mortality rate due to human aquatic activity or mortality rate when foraging activity, respectively. However, the survival rate in lower temperature or human aquatic activity was dependent on these mortality rates. My findings suggest that including of early life-history traits in relation to climate-change and human aquatic activity on the analysis may improve conservation plan and health assessment in aquatic ecosystem.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.51-57
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• 2011

Reproductive activity in the economically important insect, Antheraea mylitta is very important because the female reproduces only once in her life time and the aging is very rapid and costly. It is a capital breeder and strictly a monoandrous species. To know how strategically the insect behaves and the male allocates its ejaculate resource more prudently during its successive mating with virgin females to maximize its own fitness and the fitness of the female with whom it mated, both being most important to sericulture industry. So, the present study was undertaken and the results revealed fresh and virgin females always prefer to mate with fresh virgin males (84%) and receives high dose of ejaculates leading to higher hatchability than to virgin males of one day old (13.7%) and one day old males with mating experience (2.3%). The ejaculation size (as referred to eupyrene sperm count in the ejaculation) declined significantly over successive mating (r = -0.9931, P < 0.001), so also the male body weight (r = -0.9560, P < 0.001). The quantity of ejaculate passed to female also dramatically declined during aging (r = -0.9982, P < 0.001). It was found that male weight contribute substantially to the quantum of ejaculate (r = -0.9519, P < 0.001), so also higher fecund females receive relatively more ejaculate than the lower group to reach higher reproductive fitness. The life time fecundity was found to be $334{\pm}31$.