• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.15 no.16
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• pp.6639-6641
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• 2014

Background: To evaluate the clinical significance of atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS) in PAP test in post-menopausal women and compare with reproductive age women. Materials and Methods: A total of 367 patients who referred to our gynecologic oncology clinic were included to the study between September 2012 and August 2013. Data for 164 post-menopausal (group 1) and 203 pre-menopausal (group 2) women with ASCUS cytology were evaluated retrospectively. Immediate colposcopy and endocervical curettage was performed for both groups and conization for all women with a result suggestive of CIN2-3. Histopathological results and demographic features of patients were compared between the two groups. Results: Mean age of the patients was $54.6{\pm}6.5$ years in group 1 and $38{\pm}6.6$ years in group 2. Some 14 (8.5%) of post-menopausal women and 36 (17.7%) of pre-menopausal women were current smokers (p=011). Totals of 38 (23.2%) post-menopausal and 64 (31.5%) pre-menopausal women were assessed for HPV-DNA. High risk HPV was detected in 7 (4.3%) and 21 (10.3%), respectively (p=0.029). Final histopathological results recorded were normal cervix, low grade cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia (CIN 1), and high grade cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia (CIN2-3). In group 1 results were 84.8%, 12.2% and 1.8%, respectively, and in group 2 were 71.9%, 23.2% and 4.9%. There were no cases of micro invasive or invasive cervical carcinoma in either group. Two cases were detected as endometrial carcinoma in the menopausal group (1.2%). Conclusions: In current study we found that preinvasive lesions were statistically significantly higher in pre-menopausal women than post-menopausal women with ASCUS. Cervicitis was more common in menopausal women. Therefore, we think that in case of ASCUS in a post-menopausal woman there is no need for radical management.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.16.1-16.10
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• 2020

This study was conducted in Lake Hayq between January and December 2018. The objectives of this study were to determine the growth, condition, sex ratio, fecundity, length at first sexual maturity (L₅₀), and spawning seasons of common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Monthly fish samples of C. carpio were collected using gillnets of stretched mesh sizes of 4, 6, 7, 8, 10, and 13 cm and beach seines of mesh size of 6 cm. Immediately after the fish were captured, total length (TL) and total weight (TW) for each individual were measured in centimeters and grams, respectively, and their relationship was determined using power function. Length at first maturity (L₅₀) was determined for both males and females using the logistic regression model. The spawning season was determined from the frequency of mature gonads and variation of gonadosomatic index (GSI) values of both males and females. Fecundity was analyzed from 67 mature female specimens. The length and weight relationship of C. carpio was TW = 0.015TL^2.93 for females and TW = 0.018TL^2.87 for males that indicate negative allometric growth in both cases. The mean Fulton condition factor (C_F) was 1.23 ± 0.013 for females and 1.21 ± 0.011 for males. The value of C_F in both cases was > 1 that shows both sexes are in good condition. Among the total 1055 C. carpio collected from Lake Hayq, 459 (43.5%) were females and 596 (56.5%) were males. The chi-square test showed that there was a significant deviation between male and female numbers from 1:1 ratio (χ²= 22, df = 11, P > 0.05) within sampling months. The length at first sexual maturity (L₅₀) for females and males were 21.5 and 17.5 cm, respectively. Males mature at smaller sizes than females. The spawning season of C. carpio was extended from February to April, and the peak spawning season for both sexes was in April. The average absolute fecundity was 28,100 ± 17,462. C. carpio is currently the commercially important fish while Nile tilapia fishery has declined in Lake Hayq. Therefore, this baseline data on growth, condition, and reproductive biology of common carp will be essential to understand the status of the population of carp and design appropriate management systems for the fish stock of Lake Hayq, Ethiopia, and adjacent countries.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.285-291
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• 2010

Recently, reproductive and neurobehavioral effects of bisphenol A (BPA) have been documented, and thus a review was requested for BPA management direction by the government. Therefore, this study was performed to establish a Korean tolerable daily intake (TDI) for BPA. An expert committee, consisting of specialists in fields such as toxicology, medicine, pharmacology, and statistics, was asked to evaluate BPA health based guidance values (HbGVs). Although many toxicological studies were reviewed to select a point of departure (POD) for TDI, rat and mouse reproductive studies by Tyl et al. (2002, 2006), which were performed according to GLP standards and OECD guidelines, were selected. This POD was the lowest value determined from the most sensitive toxicological test. The POD, a NOAEL of 5 mg/kg bw/day, was selected based on its systemic toxicity as critical effects. An uncertainty factor of 100 including interspecies and intraspecies differences was applied to calculate the TDI. According to the evaluation results, a TDI of BPA for Korean was suggested at 0.05 mg/kg bw/day. In addition, the BPA exposure level based on food consumption by the Korean population was estimated as 1.509 ${\mu}g/kg$ bw/day, and the HI was evaluated at 0.03 when the TDI of 0.05 mg/kg bw/day was applied. This HI value of 0.03 indicated that hazardous effects would not be expected from BPA oral exposures. Although highly uncertain, further studies on low dose neurobehavioral effects of BPA should be performed. In addition, it is recommended that the 'as low as reasonably achievable' (ALARA) principle be applied for BPA exposure from food packaging materials in newborn infants and children.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.490-497
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• 2011

This study was carried out to identify environmental factor to influence fruiting of Vicia chosenensis populations distributed in Hongcheon-gun region, Korea. The populations was dominated by Quercus mongolica in the tree layer, and Lindera obtusiloba and Lespedeza maximowiczii in the shrub layer. Syneilesis palmata(21%) was abundant around reproductive state points and vegetative state points, and Artemisia stolonifera(13~18%) and Spodiopogon sibiricus(10~11%) show second high frequency in the both points. It was found that the soil moisture content in the Vicia chosenensis population was 20.4~21.9%; 8.6~14.9% for organic matter; 0.3~0.5% for the total N;12.7~16.9 ppm for available phosphorus; 22.5~28.5 $cmol_ckg^{-1}$ for CEC; 5.3~5.5 for soil pH, respectively. The microhabitat of individuals was restricted to areas high in understory light. Especially, reproductive individuals were more likely to be located than vegetative individuals in canopy gaps. Therefore, our results suggest that a proper forest management maintaining canopy gaps is needed for keeping natural Vicia chosenensis population.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.102-106
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• 2016

More than 20 years after the first report of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) in Korea, the disease is still having major impact on domestic pig health and relevant industries. Although ELISA tests are commonly used by veterinarians to guide herd management, data on diagnostic performance of the test in field settings are very limited. The objective of this study was to evaluate two commercially available PRRSV ELISA (IDEXX PRRS X3 ELISA and Bionote PRRSV ELISA 4.0) to detect antibodies against PRRSV on serum samples. To this end, a total of 1,108 sera were recruited from 35 swine farms located in Gyeonggi province and tested at the Gyeonggi Province Veterinary Service Center. All tests were performed according to the manufacturer's instructions, by laboratory technicians who routinely perform PRRS testing on blood samples. Samples were collected from two sources of swine populations with different PRRS prevalence; 60 samples (5.4%) were originated from breeding farms and the remaining 1,048 samples (94.6%) were from farrow-to-finish farms. We applied Bayesian latent class model (LCM) for two-tests in the two-population when the accuracy of the gold standard is not available. The model estimated that Bionote ELISA was a bit more specific but slightly less sensitive. The estimated sensitivity and specificity of the IDEXX ELISA were 99.8% (95% CI 98.1-100%) and 86.4% (95% CI 81.4-96.5%), respectively. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value for Bionote kit were 98.7% (95% CI 92.8-100%), 89.8% (95% CI 86.2-93.1%), 93.8% (95% CI 91.5-96.0%), and 97.8% (95% CI 87.1-100%), respectively. Based on the Bayesian 95% credible intervals, the sensitivity and specificity of the two ELISAs were not significantly different each other when assuming that two kits were imperfect, indicating that two kits performed equally well in terms of sensitivity and specificity in our filed setting.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.193-198
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• 1997

To evaluate the efficacy of transabdominal myomectomy in the management of infertile patients, and to analyze on the results of abdominal myomectomy in 38 infertile patients with no other detectable cause except myomas were undertaken at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology in Yonsei University Hospital from 1990 to 1996. The results are as follows; 1. Average age of patients was 31.1 years. The infertility duration ranged 12 months to 144 months, and average infertility period of patients was 29.4 months. 2. Fourteen of the 38 patients (8 of 23 patients with primary infertility, 6 of 15 patients with secondary infertility) conceived following myomectomy, with a pregnancy rate of 36.8%. 3. Patients with less than 4 years of infertility showed a higher pregnancy rate after myomectomy than those with more than 4 years of infertility (42.4% vs 0%, p<0.05). 4. Patients younger than 35 years showed significantly higher pregnancy rate than those older than 35 years (46.4% vs 9.0%, p<0.05). 5. The removal of a solitary myoma produced a significantly higher pregnancy rate than that of multiple myomas (47.8% vs 20.0%, p<0.05), and the size of the myomas did not influenced the pregnancy rate after myomectomy (p>0.1). 6. The average time period from operation to conception was 12.1 months. Eight of the 14 patients (57.1%) conceived in the first year after operation and 12 patients (85.7%) condeived within two years. In conclusion myomas are a possible cause of infertility and myomectomy can be strongly recommended with good success expectation for the infertile women if uterine myoma be considered as the main cause of infertility. And factors affecting the pregnancy rate after myomectomy in these patients are the age of the patient, the duration of infertiluty, and the number of myoma.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.30 no.8
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• pp.605-612
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• 2021

Supply electrical conductivity (EC) concentration of the nutrition solution is an important factor in the absorption of nutrients by plants and the management of the root zone, as it can control the vegetative/reproductive growth of a plant. Paprika usually undergoes its reproductive and vegetative growth simultaneously. Therefore, ensuring proper growth of the plant leads to increased yield of paprika. In this study, growth characteristics of paprika were examined according to the EC concentration of a coir and a rockwool substrate. The supply EC was 1.0, 2.0, and 4.0 mS·cm^-1 applied at the initial stages of the growth using the rockwool (commonly used by paprika farmers) and the coir substrate with a chip and dust ratio of 50:50 and 70:30. For up to 16 weeks of paprika growth, EC concentrations of 1.0 and 2.0 mS·cm^-1 were found to have a greater effect on the growth than EC at 4.0 mS·cm^-1. The normality (marketable) rate of fruit, the soluble solid content, and paprika growth showed that the coir was generally better than the rockwool regardless of the supply EC concentration. The values of the yield per plant at an EC concentration of 4.0 mS·cm^-1 was mostly similar at 1.6 kg (coir 50:50), 1.5 kg (coir 70:30) and 1.5 kg (rockwool), but the yield of the rockwool was 88%, which was lower than 98% and 94% yield of the coir substrate. Therefore, this concludes that coir substrate is more effective than rockwool at improving paprika productivity. The results also suggest that the use of coir substrate for paprika has many benefits in terms of reducing production costs and preventing environmental destruction during post-processing.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.83-91
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• 2024

We compared the reproductive performance, non-productive performance, and milk composition performance of two groups of lactating cows that were either rice straw or tall fescue. We also compared and analyzed these parameters after the first parturition during the breeding period. The calving interval, artificial insemination, and duration from calving to conception were longer in the rice straw group than in the tall fescue group. The 305-day and peak milk yields were significantly higher in the tall fescue group than in the rice straw group (p<0.01). Milk fat content was significantly higher in the tall fescue group than in the rice straw group (p<0.001), but milk protein content was the same between the feeding groups. The difference in raw milk sales income between rice straw and tall fescue groups tended to increase as the number of lactations increased, but there was no effect of reduced feed costs. Analysis of the milk production and raw milk sales income of the surveyed farms revealed that the average milk production per head was significantly (p<0.05) higher in the tall fescue group than in the rice straw group, and raw milk sales income showed a similar tendency. Overall, these results provide important details to be considered when selecting feed as a way to reduce milk production and heifer raising costs. However, there remains a need for future follow-up studies exploring the relationship between feed choice and the management of heifers.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.35-44
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• 2012

This study was carried out to investigate the current status of management skill such as participation of consulting, vaccination program, financial projects, etc, and manures treatment system in pig farms. Data surveyed from a total of 100 farms including reproductive sow and fattening pig were collected and analyzed. The results obtained were as follows; 1. Farmers participated in consulting education of 4.56 times per a year. Evaluation of vaccination program was 3.86 of 5 points. The control of hygiene and disinfection was evaluated with the average of 3.27 points. Financial management showed the low level with 2.82 points. And then, the level of technical skill on raising was evaluated with average of 3.21 points. 2. The fields of competitive strength in farms, first of all, were the disease disinfection and therapy for pigs (43.4%). Secondly, farmers answered the productive skill for environmental-friendly animal products (37.4%). 3. Collection systems of manures were mainly used the slurry system (44.0%), and scraper method (43.0%) in pig farms, respectively. 4. Manures collected from farms have been treated and utilized with form of land-return after organic matters resolution (32.3%).

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.73-79
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• 2012

Seasonal changes in biochemical composition of muscle, gonad-viceral, mass and whole body of the cultured ark shell, Scapharca broughtonii in the Gamag bay of Yeosu city were studied from December 2008 to November 2009 in relation to environmental condition and reproductive cycles. Average monthly water temperature in the winter was in the range of $7-12^{\circ}C$ and $20-25^{\circ}C$ in the summer, while the salinity fluctuated in the range of 30.1%-33.8‰ on the average. Seasonal fluctuation of the concentration of nutrient salt was the highest in September ($13.04{\mu}g/L$) with average annual concentration of $4.6{\mu}g/L$. The main spawning season of the ark shell was during the months of July and August, and the gonads were in inactive stage during the winter. The gonad-visceral mass contained lower amounts of proteins than the other body parts. The most marked changes in body composition were lipids and carbohydrates within the gonad-visceral mass, and protein for each of the organs was relatively consistent throughout the year. All the parts in the visceral sac displayed the highest changes during the gametogenic cycle while the contents of moisture and lipid within the visceral act displayed somewhat inverse relations with each other. Moisture content was the lowest during the inactive stage during which the lipid content is the highest. The lipid content was the lowest immediately following spawning with increase in the moisture content as the lipid is being consumed. Protein mass within the visceral sac was low in comparison to the muscle mass. It is deemed that carbohydrates, lipids and proteins in the visceral sac play the major role as the source of energy during the development process of the gonads, and used for maintenance of base metabolism when available food is scarce.