• 한국가금학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.4-6
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• 1975

Field trials and research works have shown that the sexually retarded pullets are better equipped to lay larger eggs at the commencement of lay than the pullets grown under the natural conditions with no control over the rate of maturity. The method of delaying the sexual maturity by restricting the nutrient intake is receiving a considerable attention from the research workers, since the nutrient restriction can be a method of reducing the rearing cost. Many experiments were carried out to study the effect of different methods of restricting the nutrient intake of the chicken. But the comparisons between these experiments are difficult because of the differences in the environment, management, type of breed and feed, and in the length of the time during which the feed intake was restricted. In addition the comparisons were not made on an economic basis in these experiments. This experiment was designed to provide information on the reproductive responses to three different methods of restricting the nutrient intake in a egg type stock and to establish which methods are economically profitable. (omitted)

• 수산경영론집
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.41-61
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• 2011

Marine protected Areas(MPAs) are specially designated zones of the sea that are designed to secure operation of ecosystem function and to restore marine ecosystem to the original state by excluding all detrimental human activities. MPAs have been proposed in many countries as means of realizing sustainable fisheries and recently MPAs are newly receiving attention as precautionary measure for global warming and climate change. The purpose of this paper is to examine the possibility of MPAs as fisheries management tools through a wide range of literature analysis and to suggest necessity of fisheries purpose of MPAs in Korea. Establishment of marine protected area can accompany various economic benefits such as restoration of marine environment, preservation of habitats, promotion of marine tourism and so on. Especially, a lot of case studies suggested that MPAs may bring out benefits to the fishing industry as a result of enhanced stocks. Fisheries benefits of MPAs on targeted species include increased abundance, increased mean individual size and age, increased reproductive output, enhanced recruitment inside and outside refuge, maintenance of genetic diversity of stocks, and enhanced fishery yields in adjacent fishing grounds, so called spill-over. MPAs for ecosystem conservation and protection of coastal wetland have been applied appropriately and effectively, however, the Korean MPAs system is still detective due to absence of fisheries purpose MPAs. Finally, suggestions for Korean MPAs can be summarized as following four recommendations; to establish number of small-scale MPAs rather than few large MPAs, to designate island and its surrounding areas as reserve, to consider MPA design with stock enhancement program, and to undertake co-management with Eochon-Gye, the traditional coastal community in Korea.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.35-49
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• 1986

Recipients are an integral part of embryo transfer and they are expensive to maintain as a good recipient. Recipient management is one of the most important components in a successful embryo transfer program. Management includes selection and subsequent care of the animals. A good recipient is basically on "open" cows or heffers whose reproductive tract is capable of receiving one or two embryos and incubating it to term. Potential recipients should be always be healthy and cycling normally ranging from 18 to 23 days. A thorough veterinary examination is recommended for candidate of recipients and cattle for questionable health should be eliminated from the recipient herd. Age and size of recipients are particularly important considerations when heifers are used, because of most embryos available for transfer are from large dams and sires. Body condition can influence a recipient's production, reproduction and health. Obese and underconditioned cattle should be avoided for use. Transfer of fresh embryos especially requires precise synchronization of donors and recipients. For estrus synchronization, PGF$_2$$\alpha$ is injected twice 10 to 12 days apart and short4erm progestagen treatment is applied to potential recipient cattle by coil into vagina (PRID) or ear implant (Synchro-Mate-B). The highest pregnancy results are achieved in recipients at exact synchrony with donors or 12 to 24 hr earlier than donors. Estrus detection is a major factor in breeding efficiency. High accuracy can be achieved by use of heat mount detection alds or by obserbing cattle for 30-minute peroids 3 times daily. Assay progesterone in milk can be used to discrIminate between pregnant and nonprenant recipients. Rectal palpation on day 35 to 70 after is an accurate and safe method of pregnancy diagnosis. Embryonic mortality in recipients may be associated with factors such as high environmental temperature and nutritional or lactational stress in early lactation period. Achievement of short calving interval requires concentrated management activity during the first 90 days following calving. Acceptable candidate for a recipient should be routinely vaccinated for infectious diseases. Proper nutritional programs according to NRC requirements and body condition scoring system for recipient cattles are vital to the ultimate success of an embryo transfer program.r program.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제45권6호
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• pp.353-363
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• 2012

Methylmercury is a hazardous substance that is of interest with regard to environmental health, as inorganic mercury circulating in the general environment is dissolved into freshwater and seawater, condensed through the food chain, ingested by humans, and consequently affects human health. Recently, there has been much interest and discussion regarding the toxicity of methylmercury, the correlation with fish and shellfish intake, and methods of long-term management of the human health effects of methylmercury. What effects chronic exposure to a low concentration of methylmercury has on human health remains controversial. Although the possibility of methylmercury poisoning the heart and blood vessel system, the reproductive system, and the immune system is continuously raised and discussed, and the carcinogenicity of methylmercury is also under discussion, a clear conclusion regarding the human health effects according to exposure level has not yet been drawn. The Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives proposed to prepare additional fish and shellfish intake recommendations for consumers based on the quantified evaluation of the hazardousness of methylmercury contained in fish and shellfish, methylmercury management in the Korea has not yet caught up with this international trend. Currently, the methylmercury exposure level of Koreans is known to be very high. The starting point of methylmercury exposure management is inorganic mercury in the general environment, but food intake through methylation is the main exposure source. Along with efforts to reduce mercury in the general environment, food intake management should be undertaken to reduce the human exposure to methylmercury in Korea.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.477-484
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• 2002

Ninety pre-puberal (6-7 months) female and 15 pre-puberal male Black Bengal goats were collected on the basis of their phenotypic characteristics from different parts of Bangladesh. Goats were reared under semi-intensive management, in permanent house. The animals were vaccinated against Peste Des Petits Ruminants (PPR), drenched with anthelmentics and deeped in 0.5% Melathion solution. They were allowed to graze 6-7 h along with supplemental concentrate and green forages. Concentrates were supplied either 200-300 g/d (low level feeding) or quantity that supply NRC (1981) recommended nutrient (high level of feeding). Different physiological, productive and reproductive characteristics of the breed were recorded. At noon (temperature=$95^{\circ}F$ and light intensity=60480 LUX) rectal temperature and respiration rate of adult male and female increased from 100.8 to $104.8^{\circ}F$ and 35 to 115 breath/min, indicated a heat stress situation. Young female attain puberty at an average age and weight of 7.2$\pm$0.18 months and 8.89$\pm$0.33 kg respectively. Mean age and weight at 1st kidding were 13.5$\pm$0.49 months and 15.3$\pm$0.44 kg respectively. It required 1.24-1.68 services per conception with an average gestation length of 146 days. At low level of feeding the postpartum estrus interval was 37$\pm$2.6 days, which reduced (p<0.05) with high feeding level to 21$\pm$6.9 days. Kidding interval also reduced (p<0.05) from 192 d at low feeding level to 177 d at high feeding level. On an average there were two kiddings/doe/year. Average litter sizes in the 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th parity were 1.29, 1.71, 1.87 and 2.17 respectively. Birth weights of male and female kids were 1.24 and 1.20 kg respectively, which increased (p<0.05) with better feeding. Although kid mortality was affected (p<0.05) by dam's weight at kidding, birth weight of kid, milk yield of dam, parity of kidding, season of birth, but pre-netal dam's nutrition found to be the most important factor. Kid mortality reduced from 35% at low level of feeding to 6.5% at high level of feeding of dam during gestation. Apparently, this was due to high (p<0.05) average daily milk yield (334 vs. 556 g/d) and heavier and stronger kid at birth at high feeding level.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제19권12호
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• pp.1851-1854
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• 2009

본 연구는 통영 해역에서 채집되어진 갯장어, Muraenesox cinereus의 생식년주기에 있어서 난소 발달과 생식소중량지수 (gonadosomatic index; GSI) 변화에 따른 혈중 estradiol- $17{\beta}$ ($E_2$) 농도 변화를 서로 연관시켜 조사하였다. 난소 성숙도는 조직학적 관찰을 기초로 주변인기(11월-2월), 유구기(3월-4월), 초기 난황형성기(4월-5월) 및 후기 난황형성기(6월-10월)로 나 눌 수 있었다. GSI의 계절적 변화는 수온과 밀접한 연관성을 가지고 있으며, 난소의 성숙 정도에 영향을 미쳤다. 혈중 $E_2$ 농도는 GSI 변화와 관련이 있어 4월에 증가하여 7월에 년중 최고치에 도달하였고 10월까지 비교적 높은 농도로 유지하였다. 이러한 결과들은 GSI와 혈중 $E_2$ 농도 변화는 갯장어 난소 발달과 밀접한 관련이 있음을 나타내고 있다. 그러나 본 연구에서는 산란기의 암컷 갯장어를 채집하지 못하였다. 이러한 이유로 산란기의 개체는 외해의 심해쪽으로 이동하기 때문이라고 추측된다.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.95-99
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• 2013

잔디 생산농가의 생산과 관리 실태를 알아보기 위하여 2010년과 2011년 57개 농가를 대상으로 설문조사를 수행하였다. 경영실태 분석 결과 주업과 겸업이 비슷한 비율로 진행되는 혼농형태의 경영을 하고 있는 것으로 나타났고, 경영규모별 소유형태는 0.5 ha 이상 규모에서 임차의 비율이 높았다. 잔디 생산 농가에서는 신품종, 시비와 토양 등의 집중관리, 병해충에 높은 관심을 가지고 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 판매처 및 노동력 등의 문제로 인해 잔디산업의 미래에 대해서는 낙관적이지 못하였다. 잔디 재배의 정보는 이웃의 경험에 의존하는 농가가 81.8%로 가장 많았다. 품종 선호도 분석에서는 32.1%의 재배자들이 번식력이 우수한 품종에 가장 관심이 높았다. 잔디 재배농가는 정부에 대한 요구사항으로 금융지원(28.1%), 유통구조 개선(26.6%), 우수한 잔디품종 보급(23.4%) 등이었다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.346-360
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• 1999

The purpose of this research was to identify nursing interventions performed by hospital nurses in Korea. The sample consisted of 311 nurses working in three hospitals. The Nursing Interventions Use Questionnaire developed by the Iowa Intervention Project team was used for data collection. The instrument was translated to Korean using the method of back-translation. Eighteen interventions were performed at least daily. Interventions in the Physiological : Basic domain were most frequently used at least daily. No interventions in the Family and Behavioral domains were used by nurses at least once a day. The most frequently used interventions was Documentation, followed by the interventions Medication : Parenteral, Intravenous(IV) Insertion, Temperature Control, and Shift Report. The intervention performed least often was Reproductive Technology Management. Nurses working in intensive care units on the whole performed interventions most often, while nurses working in obstetric, gynecological, and pediatric units performed them least often. The nurses working in intensive care unit, medical and surgical care units performed the interventions in the Physiological : Basic domain more often than the nurses working in obstetric, gynecological, and pediatric units. The nurses working in obstetric, gynecological, and pediatric units used the interventions in the Family domain more often than the nurses working in the other three units. This study contributes to the documentation of nursrs' work in Korea. Further study will be needed to validate nursing activities of each NIC intervention.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제26권7호
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• pp.1030-1037
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• 2013

Early detection of anomalies is an important issue in the management of group-housed livestock. In particular, failure to detect oestrus in a timely and accurate way can become a limiting factor in achieving efficient reproductive performance. Although a rich variety of methods has been introduced for the detection of oestrus, a more accurate and practical method is still required. In this paper, we propose an efficient data mining solution for the detection of oestrus, using the sound data of Korean native cows (Bos taurus coreanea). In this method, we extracted the mel frequency cepstrum coefficients from sound data with a feature dimension reduction, and use the support vector data description as an early anomaly detector. Our experimental results show that this method can be used to detect oestrus both economically (even a cheap microphone) and accurately (over 94% accuracy), either as a standalone solution or to complement known methods.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제36권6호
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• pp.441-455
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• 2010

Researchers who work in science and engineering R&D laboratories are commonly exposed to a wide range of chemical, biological and physical hazards. They also may adopt ergonomically poor postures for long periods of time. These factors may increase the risk of adverse health outcomes in laboratory workers. Recently, there were several fatal accidents in the laboratories in universities and research institutes in Korea. Consequently, the 'Laboratory Safety Act' was enacted in 2006. However, there are concerns about the health risk associated with chronic exposures to hazards, as the management measures provided in this Act are very limited, focusing primarily on accident prevention and compensation for lab work-related accidents. In this article, the methods for assessing exposure to chemicals in laboratory environments are discussed. Also, epidemiological studies examining the association between laboratory exposure and health effects, including cancer and reproductive toxicity are extensively reviewed. Finally, the possible roles of environmental health professionals in this area are suggested, along with a list of critical research needs for properly assessing laboratory workers' exposure and risk.