• Nutrition Research and Practice
• /
• 제10권4호
• /
• pp.433-441
• /
• 2016

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to develop a dish-based semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) for Korean adolescents and evaluate its reproducibility and validity. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Based on 24-hour dietary recall data from the 4th Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES), we developed a FFQ with 71 items. From a quota sample of 160 adolescents recruited using gender and age group as stratification variables, 153 participated in the complete data collection process. The FFQ was administered to each subject twice, at an interval of 3-4 weeks, to evaluate the test-retest reliability. The validity of the FFQ was assessed relative to 8-day food record data. RESULTS: The study findings demonstrated the FFQ's satisfactory reproducibility. Spearman correlation coefficients ranged from 0.64(for ${\beta}-carotene$) to 0.81(for protein). From cross-classification analyses, the proportion of subjects in the same intake quartile was highest for protein (65.4%) and lowest for vitamin A(47.1%). With regard to validity analysis, Spearman correlation coefficients ranged from 0.27(for vitamin A and fiber) to 0.90 (for energy). The proportions of subjects in the opposite categories between the first FFQ and the 8-day food record data were generally low within the range from 0.74% (for energy and carbohydrate) to 13.2% (for ${\beta}-carotene$). CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, the dish-based semiquantitative FFQ developed in this study can be useful for grouping Korean adolescents according to major macro- and micronutrient intakes with reasonable reproducibility and validity.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
• /
• 제10권4호
• /
• pp.328-334
• /
• 2018

PURPOSE. To evaluate the reproducibility of scan-based abutments using a blue light model scanner. MATERIALS AND METHODS. A wax cast abutment die was fabricated, and a silicone impression was prepared using a silicone material. Nine study dies were constructed using the prepared duplicable silicone, and the first was used as a reference. These dies were classified into three groups and scanned using a blue light model scanner. The first three-dimensional (3D) data set was obtained by scanning eight dies separately in the first group. The second 3D data set was acquired when four dies were placed together in the scanner and scanned twice in the second group. Finally, the third 3D data set was obtained when eight dies were placed together in the scanner and scanned once. These data were then used to define the data value using third-dimension software. All the data were then analyzed using the non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis H test (${\alpha}=.05$) and the post-hoc Mann-Whitney U-test with Bonferroni's correction (${\alpha}=.017$). RESULTS. The means and standard deviations of the eight dies together were larger than those of the four dies together and of the individual die. Moreover, significant differences were observed among the three groups (P<.05). CONCLUSION. With larger numbers of abutments scanned together, the scan becomes more inaccurate and loses reproducibility. Therefore, scans of smaller numbers of abutments are recommended to ensure better results.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
• /
• 제34권3호
• /
• pp.145-150
• /
• 2004

Purpose: To compare three digital radiographic imaging sensors by evaluating the visibility of endodontic file tips with interobserver reproducibility and assessing subjectively the clarity of images in comparison with the x-ray film images. Materials and Methods: Forty-five extracted sound premolars were used for this study. Fifteen plaster blocks were made with three premolars each and #8, 10, 15 K-flexofiles were inserted into the root canal of premolars. They were radiographically exposed using periapical x-ray films (Kodak Insight Dental film, Eastmann Kodak company, Rochester, USA), Digora imaging plates (Soredex-Orion Co., Helsinki, Finland), CDX 2000HQ sensors (Biomedisys Co., Seoul, Korea), and CDR sensors (Schick Inc., Long Island, USA). The visibility of endodontic files was evaluated with interobserver reproducibility, which was calculated as the standard deviations of X, Y coordinates of endodontic file tips measured on digital images by three oral and maxillofacial radiologists. The clarity of images was assessed subjectively using 3 grades, i.e. plus, equal, and minus in comparison with the conventional x-ray film images. Results: Interobserver reproducibility of endodontic file tips was the highest in CDR sensor (p < 0.05) only except at Y coordinates of #15 file. In the subjective assessment of the image clarity, the plus grade was the most frequent in CDR sensor at all size of endodontic file (p < 0.05). Conclusion : CDR sensor was the most superior to the other sensors, CDX 2000HQ sensor and Digora imaging plate in the evaluation of interobserver reproducibility of endodontic file tip and subjective assessment of image clarity.

• 한국건설순환자원학회논문집
• /
• 제7권3호
• /
• pp.202-209
• /
• 2019

이 연구의 목적은 저량의 기포가 혼입된 바텀애시 골재 기반 경량 콘크리트(Lightweight concrete made using bottom ash aggregates and foam, LWC-BF)의 압축강도 발현 및 역학적 특성에 대한 재현성 평가이다. 이를 위해 Ji et al.에 의해 수행되었던 동일한 배합표를 기준으로 총 6 배합을 수행하였다. 배합에서의 주요변수는 기포 혼입율과 물-결합재 비로서 각각 0~25% 및 25~30%로 변화하였다. 굳지 않은 콘크리트에서 초기 슬럼프, 슬러리 밀도와 굳은 콘크리트에서 재령별 압축강도, 쪼갬인장강도 및 파괴계수는 재현성 평가대상 이전 실험결과와 대체적으로 비슷하였다. 따라서, LWC-BF의 압축강도 및 역학적 특성은 기포 혼입에 의한 배합관리가 어려움에도 불구하고 그 재현성이 비교적 우수하였다.

• 한국생산제조학회지
• /
• 제22권1호
• /
• pp.145-149
• /
• 2013

The performance of injection molding machine's control system, such as reproducibility, repeatability, etc, is widely studied nowadays. Since screw stroke, injection cylinder body pressure and barrel temperature are the most important terms of injection unit, interval linearity and repeatability to each parameter are analyzed here. Barrel temperature is analyzed according to the repeatability of the thermocouple at $150^{\circ}C$, $210^{\circ}C$, $300^{\circ}C$ using a precise oven. The result temperature is within ${\pm}0.5^{\circ}C$ Through the reliability evaluation of the most important terms of injection unit, the method of evaluating the linearity and repeatability is proposed and verified.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
• /
• 제36권1호
• /
• pp.8-16
• /
• 2011

방사선치료에서 특수한 체형을 갖거나 특별한 자세가 요구되는 환자에게 적용할 수 있으며 환자의 위치결정 및 조사영역 내에서 표적체적의 위치 재현성을 향상시킬 수 있는 고정 장치(Vac-lok)를 제작하고 그 유용성을 검증하였다. EVA 합성수지와 1.5 mm 바이오 비드폼을 이용하여 제작된 Vac-lok의 기능적, 형태적 검사를 시행하고 모형 및 환자의 상대적 재현성을 분석하였다. 전 방사선치료 기간 동안 제작된 Vac-lok의 기능적 검사에서 미소한 진공 압력의 변화는 있었으나 무시할 정도로 작았다. 모형의 상대적 재현성은 기존 상품화된 제품보다 재현성이 향상되었으며 평균 4% 미만의 오차를 보였다. 또한 환자의 상대적 재현성에서 전후 또는 측면방향에서 다소 오차가 증가하였으나 최대 ${\pm}\;2.3$ mm 미만이었다. 결론적으로 방사선치료의 한계 오차를 ${\pm}\;3$ mm 미만이라 할 때 임상적으로 충분하게 사용 가능하였고 재현성의 향상과 특수한 환자에게 맞춤형 고정 장치를 가격이 저렴하면서 신속하게 제공할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• 제41권2호
• /
• pp.80-83
• /
• 2008

An economic evaluation is required in order to apply to the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service (HIRA) for a listing in the national drug formulary. To assist companies in preparing the necessary documents, HIRA published guidelines for the economic evaluation of pharmaceuticals in 2006. The guidelines are composed of two parts: guidance and explanatory notes. Each guideline reflects the best practice which meets both the theoretical consensus within the academic community and local situations, like data availability. To enhance the transparency of evaluation, guidelines emphasize the reproducibility of data and analysis result. That is, all evaluation processes are required to be described in enough detail to be replicated by reviewers. With growing experience and theoretical development in this area, HIRA guidelines will be revised periodically.

• International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing
• /
• 제3권3호
• /
• pp.5-11
• /
• 2002

This paper describes the methods for calibration and evaluation of the relative expanded uncertainty of a multi-axis force/moment sensor. In order to use the sensor in the industry, it should be calibrated and its relative expanded uncertainty should be also evaluated. At present, the confidence of the sensor is shown with only interference error. However, it is not accurate, because the calibrated multi-axis force/moment sensor has an interference error as well as a reproducibility error of the sensor, etc. In this paper, the methods fur calibration and for evaluation of the relative expanded uncertainty of a multi-axis force/moment sensor are newly proposed. Also, a six-axis force/moment sensor is calibrated with the proposed calibration method and the relative expanded uncertainty is evaluated using the proposed uncertainty evaluation method and the calibration results. It is thought that the methods fur calibration and evaluation of the uncertainty can be usually used for calibration and evaluation of the uncertainty of the multi-axis force/moment sensor.

• 한국방사선학회논문지
• /
• 제16권5호
• /
• pp.513-518
• /
• 2022

전자선의 정도관리(quality assurance, QA)는 정확한 방사선 치료를 위해 정기적으로 이루어져야한다. 하지만 임상에서 사용되는 QA도구는 X선 위주로 설계되어 있어서 전자선 전용의 QA 선량계가 요구된다. 이에 본 연구에서는 방사선 검출 효율이 뛰어난 브롬화탐륨 물질을 전자선 센서로 활용하여 전자선 검출성능을 측정하고 전자선 전용의 QA 선량계로 적용가능할지를 평가하였다. 평가항목은 재현성, 선형성, 선량률 의존성이며, 선형가속기의 6 MeV, 9 MeV 에너지에서 평가하였다. 재현성 결과, 6 MeV에서는 최대 0.92%, 9 MeV에서는 최대 1.15%의 출력변화를 보여주었다. 선형성 결과평가, 결정계수 R²이 0.9998로 제시되었다. 선량률 의존성 평가 결과, 6 MeV에서는 상대표준편차 0.51%, 9 MeV에서는 상대표준편차 1.07%의 선량률 의존성이 제시되었다. 본 연구에서 제작한 TlBr 센서는 재현성, 선형성, 선량률 의존성의 모든 평가기준을 만족하는 검출성능을 보여준다. 이러한 결과들은 TlBr 선량계가 전자선 전용 QA 선량계로 적용 가능한 것을 의미한다.

• 디지털융복합연구
• /
• 제12권2호
• /
• pp.555-561
• /
• 2014

총 5대를 대상으로 한 진단용X선발생장치(DR)는 IEC 60601-2-54 표준규격에서 제시한 방사선출력의 재현성 시험에서 4대가 적합으로 나타났으며, 다만 1대의 X선 장치에서 C Group의 시험 설정인 진단용X선장치의 최고 관전압의 50%와 관전류 시간 곱(mAs)이 $1{\mu}Gy$에서 $5{\mu}Gy$ 사이의 인가출력량의 조합으로 측정한 항목에서 부적합으로 나타났다. 이에 따라 방사선량을 정량화하기 위한 표준으로 IEC 60601-2-54 표준규격에서 제시한 방사선출력의 재현성이 진단용 X선 영상장치 성능관리에 중요한 평가 요소임을 인식해야 한다.