• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.248-255
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• 2018

Ensuring the quality of molds is one of the major issues in mass production. In general, securing the quality of the molds is achieved by repeating grinding and die spotting after machining the molds based on engineer's decision. However, this heuristic method is affected by the engineer's skill and working environment. Therefore, a lot of time and resources are needed in order to ensure quality. In this study, ensuring the quality of molds using grinding map which is generated using automatic measurement is proposed. An automatic measuring system based on CMM (Coordinate Measuring Machine) is developed for measuring the molds. This system generates the measurement path automatically using the 3D CAD model of products. CAD (ComputerAided-Design), CAM (Computer-Aided-Manufacturing), and CAQ (Computer-Aided-Quality) technology is integrated using DMIS (Dimensional Measuring Interface Standard) format in the automatic measuring system. After measuring the molds, a grinding map is generated using the gap between the CAD model and measured values of mold. The grinding map displays the machining tendency and the required amount of grinding with values on a 3D map. Therefore, the quality of molds can be ensured with exactness and quickness based on the grinding map. This study shows that integrating the planning, measuring, and analyzing based on computer technology can solve the problem of quality assurance of mold using the proposed method, therefore the productivity can be increased.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.27.1-27.12
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• 2019

This case report describes a technique in which endodontic treatment and permanent indirect restoration were completed in the same clinical appointment with the aid of a computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) system. Two patients were diagnosed with irreversible pulpitis of the mandibular first molar. After access preparation, root canals were located, irrigation was performed until bleeding ceased, and the coronal tooth structure was prepared for indirect restoration. Then, utilizing an interim 3-mm build-up of the endodontic access cavity, a hemi-arch digital scan was performed with an intraoral scanner. Subsequent to digital scanning, restoration design was performed simultaneously with the endodontic procedure. The root canals were shaped using the Race system under irrigation with 2.5% sodium hypochlorite followed by root canal filling. The pulp chamber was subsequently filled with a 3-mm-thick composite resin restoration mimicking the interim build-up previously utilized to facilitate block milling in the CAD/CAM system. Clinical try-in of the permanent onlay restoration was followed by acid etching, application of a 5th generation adhesive, and cementation of the indirect restoration. Once the restoration was cemented, rubber dam isolation was removed, followed by occlusal adjustment and polishing. After 2 years of follow-up, the restorations were esthetically and functionally satisfactory, without complications.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.28-36
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• 2020

조선소에서 이루어지는 선박 건조는 용접에 의해 수행되고 있으며, 친환경선박에 대한 국제적인 요구에 따라 용접물량은 증가하고 있다. 용접부는 비파괴검사를 통하여 품질을 보증하고 있으며, 검사 정보를 나타내는 리포트는 인력이 설계된 도면을 확인하여 수작업으로 용접검사 리포트가 작성된다. 이 과정에서 소요되는 많은 공수와 인적오류로 인하여 손실이 발생하고 있다. 이러한 문제 해결을 위해 본 논문에서는 조선 전용 CAD 소프트웨어를 기반으로 설계된 데이터를 입력하여 용접검사에 관한 리포트가 자동으로 생성되는 시스템에 대하여 다룬다. 개발하는 시스템은 모델링의 도면으로부터 형상 데이터를 분석하여 부재 면의 확장을 통해 용접부를 판단 및 태그 넘버를 생성하고, 용접길이, 두께, 재질 등 검사에 필요한 정보를 자동으로 추출하는 기능을 제공한다. 시스템의 유용성을 검증하기 위해 시스템을 통해 추출된 검사 정보와 모델링 도면을 비교하여 일치하는 것을 확인하였다.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제49권2호
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• pp.138-147
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• 2021

The overproduction of reactive nitrogen species (RNS) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) causes oxidative damage to neuronal cells, leading to the progression of neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, we determined the nitric oxide radical (NO), hydroxyl radical (·OH), and superoxide anion radical (O₂^-) scavenging activities of apigenin. Our results showed that apigenin exhibited remarkable, concentration-dependent ·OH, O₂^-, and NO radical scavenging activities. Particularly, apigenin indicated the strongest ·OH radical scavenging activity with 93.38% in the concentration of 100 µM. Furthermore, we also investigated the protective effects of apigenin against hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂)-induced oxidative stress in SH-SY5Y cells. The H₂O₂ treatment resulted in a significant decrease in cell viability, as well as an increase in lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release and ROS production compared with the H₂O₂-nontreated SH-SY5Y cells. However, the cell viability significantly increased in the apigenin-treated group, as well as inhibited ROS generation and LDH release compared with the H₂O₂-induced control group. To elucidate the protective mechanisms of apigenin against oxidative stress in SH-SY5Y, we analyzed the apoptosis-related protein expression. The apigenin treatment resulted in the downregulated expression of apoptosis-related protein markers, such as cytochrome C, cleaved caspase-3, poly (ADP)-ribose polymerase (PARP), and B-cell lymphoma 2-associated X (Bax), as well as the upregulated expression of anti-apoptosis markers such as B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2). In this study, we report that apigenin exhibits a neuroprotective effect against oxidative stress in SH-SY5Y cells. These results suggest that apigenin may be considered as a potential agent for neurodegenerative disease prevention.

• 한국표면공학회지
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• 제53권6호
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• pp.330-342
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• 2020

Since the original report on ferroelectricity in Si-doped HfO2 in 2011, fluorite-structured ferroelectrics have attracted increasing interest due to their scalability, established deposition techniques including atomic layer deposition, and compatibility with the complementary-metal-oxide-semiconductor technology. Especially, the emerging fluorite-structured ferroelectrics are considered promising for the next-generation semiconductor devices such as storage class memories, memory-logic hybrid devices, and neuromorphic computing devices. For achieving the practical semiconductor devices, understanding polarization switching kinetics in fluorite-structured ferroelectrics is an urgent task. To understand the polarization switching kinetics and domain dynamics in this emerging ferroelectric materials, various classical models such as Kolmogorov-Avrami-Ishibashi model, nucleation limited switching model, inhomogeneous field mechanism model, and Du-Chen model have been applied to the fluorite-structured ferroelectrics. However, the polarization switching kinetics of fluorite-structured ferroelectrics are reported to be strongly affected by various nonideal factors such as nanoscale polymorphism, strong effect of defects such as oxygen vacancies and residual impurities, and polycrystallinity with a weak texture. Moreover, some important parameters for polarization switching kinetics and domain dynamics including activation field, domain wall velocity, and switching time distribution have been reported quantitatively different from conventional ferroelectrics such as perovskite-structured ferroelectrics. In this focused review, therefore, the polarization switching kinetics of fluorite-structured ferroelectrics are comprehensively reviewed based on the available literature.

• Current Photovoltaic Research
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.107-113
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• 2020

Here we report the long-term stability of polymer:nonfullerene solar cells which were stored under dark and indoor light condition. The polymer:nonfullerene solar cells were fabricated using bulk heterojunction (BHJ) layers of poly[(2,6-(4,8-bis(5-(2-ethylhexyl) thiophen-2-yl)-benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene))-alt-(5,5-(1',3'-di-2-thienyl-5',7-bis(2-ethylhexyl)benzo[1',2'-c:4',5'-c']dithiophene-4,8-dione))] (PBDB-T) and 3,9-bis(6-methyl-2-methylene-(3-(1,1-dicyanomethylene)-indanone))-5,5,11,11-tetrakis(4-hexylphenyl)-dithieno[2,3-d:2',3-d']-s-indaceno[1,2-b:5,6-b']dithiophene (IT-M). To investigate their long-term stability, the PBDB-T:IT-M solar cells were stored in an argon-filled glove box. One set of the fabricated solar cells was completely covered with an aluminum foil to prevent any effect of light, whereas another set was exposed to indoor light. The solar cells were subjected to a regular performance measurement for 40 weeks. Results revealed that the PBDB-T:IT-M solar cells underwent a gradual decay in performance irrespective of the storage condition. However, the PBDB-T:IT-M solar cells stored under indoor light condition exhibited relatively lower power conversion efficiency (PCE) than those stored under the dark. The inferior stability of the solar cells under indoor light was explained by the noticeably changed optical absorption spectra and dark spot generation, indicative of degradations in the BHJ layers.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제54권3호
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• pp.343-350
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• 2022

밀누룩과 탁주의 미생물 군집을 NGS로 분석하여 탁주의 이상 발효 원인을 규명하였다. 우점도가 높은 미생물은 알코올 발효 이후 변화하여, 누룩에서는 Aspergillus 속 곰팡이와 Staphylococcus 속 세균이 우세하였고, 탁주에서는 Saccharomyces 속 효모와 Pediococcus, Bacillus, Lactobacillus, Enterobacter 속 세균이 우세하였다. 특이적으로 본 연구에서 분석된 누룩과 탁주 시료는 유산균의 함량이 상대적으로 낮았다. 이러한 미생물학적 환경에서 Bacillus 속과 Enterobacter 속이 기회 감염균인 Bacillus wiedmannii와 Enterobacter cloacae로 확인되었고, B. wiedmannii와 E. cloacae는 각각 유기산의 농도가 급격히 감소한 밑술 발효 3일과 원료가 첨가된 덧술 발효 1일에서부터 점차적으로 증가하였다. 이를 통해 탁주의 미생물은 누룩을 포함한 원료 및 발효 조건에 영향을 받으며, 유산균의 부재가 탁주에서 E. cloacae와 B. wiedmannii의 이상 증식에 영향을 주었다고 보여진다. 결론적으로 NGS를 통한 미생물 군집 분석은 누룩과 탁주의 미생물 구성과 발효 특성을 포괄적으로 이해하는데 도움을 주며, 더 나아가 전통누룩의 발효 조건 개선 및 고품질 전통주 생산에 활용할 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.46-53
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• 2022

뇌실염은 일반적으로 정맥 내 항생제를 통하여 치료하나, 불응성 뇌실염의 치료는 정맥 내 항생제 치료와 뇌실 내 항생제 치료의 병행이 요구되기도 한다. 이론적으로 항생제의 뇌실 내 투여는 정맥 내 단독 투여보다 뇌척수액에서 더 높은 항생제 농도에 도달할 수 있게 한다. 본 증례 보고는 기존의 전신 항생제 치료에 불응하는 폐렴 간균과 메티실린 내성 표피 포도상 구균에 각각 뇌실 내 겐타마이신과 반코마이신 투여를 통하여 뇌실염을 치료한 2례로서 이후에도 주요 합병증 등이 없어 이를 보고하는 바이다.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.280-287
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• 2021

Generating electricity by using water in many energy harvesting system is due to their simplicity, sustainability and eco-friendliness. Evaporation-driven moist-electric generators (EMEGs) are an emergent technology and show great potential for harvesting clean energy. In this study, we report a transpiration driven electro kinetic power generator (TEPG) that utilize capillary flow of water in an asymmetrically wetted cotton fabric coated with carbon black. When water droplets encounter this textile EMEG, the water flows spontaneously under capillary action without requiring an external power supply. First carbon black sonicated and dispersed well in three different solvent system such as dimethylformamide (DMF), sodiumdedecylbenzenesulfonate (SDBS-anionic surfactant) and cetyltrimethylammoniumbromide (CTAB-cationic surfactant). A knitted cotton/PET fabric was coated with carbon black by conventional pad method. Cotton/PET fabrics were immersed and stuttered well in these three different systems and then transferred to an autoclave at 120 ℃ for 15 minutes. Cotton/PET fabric treated with carbon black dispersed in DMF solvent generated maximum current up to 5 µA on a small piece of sample (2 µL/min of water can induce constant electric output for more than 286 hours). This study is high value for designing of electric generator to harvest clean energy constantly.

• Journal of Positioning, Navigation, and Timing
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.191-198
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• 2022

In order to increase the practical use and navigational application performance of the Korean Positioning System (KPS), it is required to provide interoperability with other Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS). This kind of interoperability can be obtained by broadcasting the time offset between KPS and GNSS using a KPS navigation message. With the assumption that KPS Time (KPST) will be generated by the similar method and equipment of UTC(KRIS), the overall behavior of KPST will be close to that of UTC(KRIS). Therefore, the time offset between KPST and GPS Time (GPST) is estimated by using UTC(KRIS) instead of KPST because KPST can not available at the present time. In this paper, we describe the estimation results of the KPS to GPS Time Offset (KGTO) obtained by using a GNSS time transfer receiver which reference inputs are fed from UTC(KRIS). The estimated KGTO performance is compared to the time offset between UTC(KRIS) and UTC(USNO) which is used to generate GPST and considered as the real GPST. The time offset between UTC(KRIS) and UTC(USNO) is obtained by using the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (BIPM) Circular T report. From the results, it is observed that KGTO can be estimated under 10 ns with the assumption that KPST will be generated by a similar method of UTC(KRIS) generation.