• Title/Summary/Keyword: Reply

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Effects, and Problems of Acceptance with Modifications in CISG Art.19 ("청약(請約)을 변경하는 승낙(承諾)"(acceptance with modifications)의 효과(效果)와 문제점(問題點) - CISG 제19조를 중심으로 -)

  • Oh, Won-Suk
    • THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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    • v.23
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    • pp.71-91
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    • 2004

  • The purpose of this paper is to examine the effects and problems of acceptance with modifications according to CISG Art. 19, comparing with UCC ${\S}2-207$. First of all this author raised two legal issues encountered when there is an acceptance with modifications. Scenario one is as follows : "Before either party has taken further action, there is a rise or a fall in the price of goods, was there a binding contract ?" The UCC rules provide for a contract if a purchaser sends out a purchase order and the seller sends back a sales acknowledgement form, and the items on the front(the price, description, and quantity) match up. The CISG on the other hand, is that most of the terms and conditions on the backs of the forms are important. Therefore, if they are different, there should not be a contract. Scenario two is as follows : "There has been performance, A disputes arises. What terms and conditions apply ?" The CISG and the UCC will probably lead to different results in the event the parties exchange conflicting forms and subsequently perform. Assuming that the offeree's reply contains terms that are materially different from the offer, the UCC provides that the resulting contract will include only those terms on which the writings of the parties agree, excluding conflicting terms. The CISG treats the material additions as a counter-offer and, in accordance with Art. 18, the offeree's performance may be regarded as an acceptance of a contract containing all of the offeror's terms ; or the offeror's performance may be regarded as an acceptance of a contract containing all of the offeree's terms. Second, this author raised three problems in the Art. 19 as follows ; 1) It is very difficult in practical application to decide what is material alterations even if the CISG lists material terms as an example. 2) There is a possibility for the offeror to speculate in the circumstance of market fluctuation as he has a change to object to the discrepancy in the offeree's reply. 3) There is also a possibility of inducement for the offeror or the offeree to send its own reply as a last shot.

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An Implementation of the Spam Mail Prevention System Using Reply Message with Secrete Words (비밀단어의 회신을 이용한 스팸메일 차단 시스템의 구현)

  • Ko Joo Young;Shim Jae Chang;Kim Hyun Ki
    • Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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    • v.8 no.1
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    • pp.111-118
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    • 2005

  • This paper describes an implementation of the spam mail prevention system using reply message with secrete words. When user receives a new e-mail, the e-mail address is compared with the white e-mail addresses in database by the system. If user receives a new e-mail which does not exist in a white e-mail addresses database, a reply e-mail attached with secrete words is delivered automatically. And the system is compared with the white domains first for intranet environment. It speeds up processing time. proposed algorithm is required a small database and faster than the black e-mail addresses comparison. This system is implemented using procmail, PHP and IMAP on Linux and the user can manage the databases on the web.

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Performance Improvement of STAC Protocol by Early Release of Reply Round and Transmission Probability Control (응답 라운드 조기종료와 전송확률 제어를 통한 STAC 프로토콜의 성능 개선)

  • Lim, Intaek
    • Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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    • v.17 no.11
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    • pp.2569-2574
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    • 2013

  • In 13.56MHz RFID system of Auto-ID center, STAC protocol is defined as an anti-collision algorithm for multiple tag reading. In STAC protocol, the reader uses the tag number estimation scheme to determine the number of slots for the next reply round. If errors occur in the estimated number of tags, the identification performances will be degraded due to a lot of collision or idle slots. Therefore, in this paper, we propose an ERPB algorithm that the reader cancels the reply round when it experiences a series of collision or idle slots during the current round. The transmission probability control for the tag is also applied to the proposed algorithm. Through simulations, it is demonstrated that the collision rate for the proposed scheme is about 39% lower than STAC protocol. Therefore, the proposed scheme can achieve faster tag identification time compared with STAC protocol due to the low collision rate.

  • https://doi.org/10.6109/jkiice.2013.17.11.2569 인용 PDF KSCI

A Study on the Patterns of Recollection and the Desires of Users in the Drama Series (드라마 <응답하라> 시리즈의 기억 회상과 시청자의 수용욕망 연구)

  • Ahn, Sang-Won;Kim, Hye-Bin
    • The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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    • v.16 no.9
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    • pp.679-693
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    • 2016

  • The purposes of this study were to examine the patterns of recalling memories in the series and look into the desires of viewers disclosed in the process. Entering the 2010s, people got to recall their memories from the 1980s and 1990s. Nostalgia and retro became cultural products. What made the series, those depict the pure love, friendship, and family affection of main characters under age in those decades, so popular among the viewers? Finding a repeating pattern in recollection of the past, dating, and family love, the investigator saw that the pattern met the needs of viewers and thus analyzed their desires inherent in the series with a focus on its "narratives" and "characters." Their unique sounds effect and music established a micro-narrative that could be divided, thus allowing viewers to own certain scenes easily, which worked to make "non-existent" memories. Secondly, the series succeeded in capturing the desire of viewers living in the age of neoliberalism to reduce their fatigue from excessive choices by setting the characters in a contrived way and thus presenting the desire of maintaining the stable middle class world with no conflicts and the passive female characters. The recollections provided by the series, in the end, fill the desire and deficiency of the present beyond a simple return to the past.

  • https://doi.org/10.5392/JKCA.2016.16.09.679 인용 PDF KSCI