• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.249-251
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• 2016

Objectives: Nail salon owners in New York City (NYC) are required to provide their workers with gloves and it is their responsibility to maintain healthy, safe working spaces for their employees. The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency with which nail salon workers wear protective gloves. Methods: A Freedom of Information Law request was submitted to New York Department of State's Division of Licensing Services for a full list of nail salons in Manhattan, NYC. A sample population of 800 nail salons was identified and a simple random sample (without replacement) of 30% (n=240) was selected using a random number generator. Researchers visited each nail salon from October to December of 2015, posing as a potential customer to determine if nail salon workers were wearing gloves. Results: Among the 169 salons in which one or more workers was observed providng services, a total of 562 workers were observed. For 149 salons, in which one or more worker was observed providing services, none of the workers were wearing gloves. In contrast, in six of the salons observed, in which one or more workers was providing services, all of the workers (1 in 2 sites, 2 in 1 site, 3 in 2 sites, and 4 in 1 site) were wearing gloves. Almost three-quarters of the total number of workers observed (n=415, 73.8%) were not wearing gloves. Conclusions: The findings of this study indicate that, despite recent media attention and legislation, the majority of nail salon workers we observed were not wearing protective gloves when providing services.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.285-295
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• 2001

The objective of this study was to investigate the inhibitory effect of taurine and alendronate on the osteoclast differentiation. Osteoblasts and bone marrow cells from 1-2 day old mouse were co-cultured in 10% fetal bovine serum - minimal essential media (FBS-MEM). Osteoclast differentiation was induced by adding the sonicated extracts of Porphyromonas gingivalis (P.gingivalis). Osteoclasts were identified using tartrate resistant acid phosphotase staining (TRAP). Alendronate of 10$^{-7}$, 10$^{-6}$, 10$^{-5}$M and taurine of 500, 1000, 1500$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml were added respectively. The cytotoxic effects of alendronate and taurine were examined using MTT(3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol -2-yl-2,5-diphenyltetrazo- lium bromide) method. After culturing with the sonicated extracts of P.gingivalis, the amounts of IL-6 in the culture supernatant were measured and compared using the ELISA method. The results were as follows : 1. Osteoclasts were differentiated at the concentration of 0.01~0.1$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml sonicated extracts of P.gingivalis. (P<0.05). 2. Alendronate inhibited osteoclasts differentiation at the concentration of 10$^{-5}$ M when the concentration of sonicated extracts of P.gingivalis was 0.01$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml. 3. Taurine inhibited osteoclasts differentiation at the concentration of 1500$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml when the concentration of sonicated extracts of P.gingivalis 0.01$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml. 4. In cytotoxic test (MTT test), no cytotoxic effect was evident in all concentrations of alendronate and taurine. 5. Taurine (10$^{-5}$M) and alendronate(1500$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml) did not change the amounts of IL-6 induced by sonicated extracts of P.gingivalis significantly.

• Journal of Genetic Medicine
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.32-37
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• 2022

Mucopolysaccharidosis type VI (MPS VI) is an autosomal recessive lysosomal disorder caused by the deficiency of arylsulfatase B due to mutations in the ARSB gene. Here, we report the case of a Korean female with a novel variant of MPS VI. A Korean female aged 5 years and 8 months, who is the only child of a healthy non-consanguineous Korean couple, presented at our hospital for severe short stature. She had a medical history of umbilical hernia and recurrent otitis media. Her symptoms included snoring and mouth breathing. Subtle dysmorphic features, including mild coarse face, joint contracture, hepatomegaly, and limited range of joint motion, were identified. Radiography revealed deformities, suggesting skeletal dysplasia. Growth hormone (GH) provocation tests revealed complete GH deficiency. Targeted exome sequencing revealed compound heterozygous mutations in the ARSB genes c.512G>A (p.Gly171Asp; a pathogenic variant inherited from her father) and c.1157C>T (p.Ser386Phe; a novel variant inherited from her mother in familial genetic testing). Quantitative tests revealed increased urine glycosaminoglycan (GAG) levels and decreased enzyme activity of arylsulfatase B. While on enzyme replacement therapy and GH therapy, her height increased drastically; her coarse face, joint contracture, snoring, and obstructive sleep apnea improved; urine GAG decreased; and left ventricular mass index was remarkably decreased. We report a novel variant-c.1157C>T (p.Ser386Phe)-of the ARSB gene in a patient with MPS VI; these findings will expand our knowledge of its clinical spectrum and molecular mechanisms.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• v.7 no.5
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• pp.765-771
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• 2012

$SF_6$ gas has been used as arc quenching and insulating medium for high and extra high voltage switching devices due to its high dielectric strength, its excellent arc-quenching capabilities, its high chemical stability and non toxicity. Despite of its significant contributions, the gas was classified as one of the greenhouse gas in the Kyoto Protocol. Thus, many researches are conducted to find out the replacement materials and to develop the $SF_6$ gas useless electrical equipment. This paper describes experiments on the temperature change-related breakdown characteristics of $SF_6$ gas ($SF_6$) and $SF_6$ liquid ($LSF_6$) in a model GIS(Gas-Insulated Switchgear) chamber in order to show the possibility of more stable and safe usages of $SF_6$ gas. The breakdown characteristics are classified into three stages, namely the gas stage of $SF_6$ according to Paschen's law, the coexisting stage of $SF_6$ gas with liquid in considerable deviation at lower temperature, and the stage of $LSF_6$ and remaining air. The result shows that the ability of the $LSF_6$ insulation is higher than the high-pressurized $SF_6$. Moreover, it reveals that the breakdown characteristics of $LSF_6$ are produced by bubble-formed $LSF_6$ evaporation and bubbles caused by high electric emission and the corona. In addition, the property of dielectric breakdown of $LSF_6$ is determined by electrode form, electrode arrangement, bubble formation and movement, arc extinguishing capacity of the media, difficulty in corona formation, and the distance between electrodes. The bubble formation and flow separation phenomena were identified for $LSF_6$. It provides fundamental data not only for $SF_6$ gas useless equipment but also for electric insulation design of high-temperature superconductor and cryogenic equipment machinery, which will be developed in future studies.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.104-126
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• 2004

The recognition of the environment and its importance have generated various types of parks, such as the ecological put the environmental put and the natural academy. They are considered the connecting media for the creation of space as a new paradigm in design for the 21st century from the late 1990s, environmental designs in space planning have been created from various angles of Perspectives including restoration of the natural ecosystem and introduction of natural circulation systems. Based on the aye facts and through theoretical examination of environmental park models, this research (1) establishes the concept and the significance of environmental parte; and, based on this, classifies the types of industrial sublimity; (2) presents environmental designing principles and standards; and (3) presents the "Chung Ra pro-Environmental Park plan" based on these ideas. The following is the summary of research results: First, while existing city parks are human-oriented, interior-oriented, and shape-centered, an environmental park considers human and nature equally and gives great importance to the relationship between the internal and external of the subject. It is a mark of environmental education that considers the natural ecosystem. Therefore, the environmental park is the 21st Century′s type of an open park for creating new forms of nature, as well as for incorporating culture and values through education. In such an environmental system, nature, culture, and human beings pursue balance, harmony, and security through mutual recognition. Second, in a broad sense, the types of environmental park can be classified into Cultural Restoration, Ecological Conservation, and Environmental Replacement. Third, by selecting Chung na environmental park in Incheon, which is a filtration plant lot, as a research subject, I have presented alternative planning for environmental parte in which culture and nature coexist on the basis of environmental planning principles and standards.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.693-696
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• 2001

The effect of replacement of in vitro maturation medium completely with the buffalo follicular fluid (buFF) on in vitro oocyte maturation of buffalo oocytes was studied. 5 to 8 buffalo cumulus oocyte complexes were cultured in a single drop with each of the eight media studied i.e., M199+steer serum (10% v/v), M199+steer serum (10% v/v)+PMSG, M199+buFF (10% v/v), M199+buFF (10% v/v)+PMSG, M199+buFF (50% v/v), M199+buFF (50% v/v)+ PMSG, buFF (100%) and buFF+PMSG at $39^{\circ}C$ and 5% $CO_2$ in air for 24 h. Supplementation of M199 with Steer serum alone resulted in IVM rate of 35% only. When the above medium was supplemented with PMSG, the maturation rate rallied to 82%. Significant increase in the maturation rates were observed when M199 was supplemented with increasing levels of buFF. A further increase in the maturation rate was also obtained when PMSG was incorporated into the medium of M199 supplemented with buFF. The rate of maturation was to the tune of 91% when oocytes were matured in buFF alone which was increased non significantly on the addition of PMSG. Highest maturation rate (97%) obtained with M199+buFF (50%v/v)+PMSG did not differ significantly from that obtained by either M199+buFF (10%v/v)+PMSG or buFF+PMSG. It is suggested that buFF alone without any supplementation can form the effective in vitro maturation medium for buffalo oocytes.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Plant Pathology Conference
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• 2003.10a
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• pp.84.2-85
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• 2003

Magnaporthee grisea causes the devastating blast disease of rice. Entensive research has been conducted on infection mechanisms, particularly on appressorium formation and penetration, of this fungus during the last decade. However, the role(s) of cell-wall-degrading enzymes (CWDEs) on pathogenesis is not clearly demonstrated at molecular level. Many CWDES in plant pathogenic fungi including M. grisea are redundant; that is, there are multiple genes encoding enzymes with a similar or overlapping spectrum of activities. It is laborious to isolate all of the genes encoding related enzymes and to construct mutants lacking all 9f them. Thus, we considered alternative strategies to address the role of CWDEs in pathogenesis. Since expression of CWDE genes Is repressed by a simple sugar, as the first step, we cloned a Snfl (sucrose non-fermenting) gene (MgSnf1) from M. grisea. The predicted amino acid sequence showed a high identity with other Snf1 genes from various fungi. To elucidate molecular function of MgSnf1, a transformant lacking MgSnf1 was created by targeted gene replacement. En glucose, sucrose, and xylan the MgSnf1 mutant grew normally but in pectin and complex media, it grew slower than wild type. Expression of various CWDEs in MgSnf1 mutant was investigated and found that expression of some CWDEs is repressed. However, no significant difference was observed in conidial germination, appressorium formation, and pathogenicity in MgSnf1 mutant. However, MgSnf1 functionally complemented a yeast MgSnf1 mutant. These results suggest that MgSnf1 is involved in regulation of CWDEs and MgSnf1 is dispensable in pathogenicity of M. grisea.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.103-110
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• 2012

Interior Coordination is the activity of making characteristic living space by planning and harmonizing various interior elements. In modern society, the taste and needs of the residents are getting varied and segmented, and the role of interior coordination is getting more important because that reflects cultural codes and trends and satisfies residents' needs. This study aims to investigate awareness and needs about interior coordination targeting apartment residents, and to provide fundamental data that could attribute to the planning of unique and diverse residential spaces. Methods of study include the literature research and the empirical study. Elements of interior coordination were extracted through the literature review, and the questionnaire was developed using these elements. And then a survey was carried out targeting apartment residents of Busan. The result shows that most of the residents were much interested in interior coordination, and they recognized it's importance. They wanted to plan and select the elements by themselves, but were passive in actual execution because of the difficulties in execution methods and economical conditions. There were certain differences between the styles of their own houses and the preferred styles, but they did not try actively to reconcile the differences. Therefore, various methods of interior coordination should be developed and proposed which are easy and effective for actual execution, and various media should be provided by which residents could easily get informations on design elements. Also, the concept and method of interior coordination should be considered from the very first stage of residential planning, and the replacement and modification of interior coordination could be easily done according to the change of life cycle and life styles.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.1089-1095
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• 2023

Windows are essential and important architectural elements for the organization of architectural spaces, and they give character to the space and have a great impact on the reaction of users. Virtual windows are installed to activate architectural spaces such as underground spaces where windows cannot be installed, and to provide a sense of psychological security to users in hospital clinics, etc. In this study, we reviewed the literature and collected and analyzed the precedents of virtual windows to discuss the factors necessary to improve the realism of virtual windows. The factors that affect the realism of virtual windows are further grouped into five categories: 1. Use of reproduced images or videos for views, 2. Representation of temporality, 3. Responsiveness to changes in the observer's perspective, 4. Realistic reproduction of sunlight, and 5. Provision of non-visual sensory elements. Virtual windows are not just a replacement for traditional windows, but a way to realize a virtual environment using digital media, and it is necessary to expand the discussion to the realization of the virtual environment and the relationship with architectural elements.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.22 no.9
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• pp.1230-1236
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• 2012

Fish meal grades SL1 and SL2 from Sardine (Sardinella longiceps) and NJ from Pink Perch (Nemipterus japonicas) were evaluated as a sole source of carbon and nitrogen in the medium for alkaline protease production by Bacillus pumilus MTCC 7514. The analysis of the fish meal suggests that the carbon and nitrogen contents in fish meal are sufficient to justify its choice as replacement for other nutrients. Protease production increased significantly (4,914 U/ml) in medium containing only fish meal, compared with the basal medium (2,646 U/ml). However, the elimination of inorganic salts from media reduced the protease productivity. In addition, all the three grades of fish meal yielded almost the same amounts of protease when employed as the sole source of carbon and nitrogen. Nevertheless, the best results were observed in fish meal SL1 medium. Furthermore, protease production was enhanced to 6,966 U/ml and 7,047 U/ml on scaling up from flask (4,914 U/ml) to 3.7 and 20 L fermenters, respectively, using fish meal (10 g/l). Similarly, the corresponding improvement in productivities over flask (102.38 U/ml/h) was 193.5 and 195.75 U/ml/h in 3.7 and 20 L fermenters, respectively. The crude protease was found to have dehairing ability in leather processing, which is bound to have great environmental benefits.