• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
• /
• v.38 no.11
• /
• pp.1245-1256
• /
• 2014

The physical nature of fatigue shows the considerable amount of scatter from intrinsic and extrinsic factors. In this study, some degradation models, such as the gamma process model, were reviewed in terms of uncertainties associated with the continuous, gradual, and monotonic nature of fatigue crack growth. Statistically varying fatigue crack growth data obtained from Lu and Meeker were used as an example to demonstrate the use of the gamma process model. This model can describe the condition and lifetime as statistical distribution curves whose shapes vary with cycles. From the skewness of the statistical distribution curves, it was confirmed that the median is suitable for being considered as the expected life. The use of the gamma process model enables the optimum replacement period and percentile life to be employed as criteria for preventive maintenance policy.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
• /
• v.24 no.1
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 2014

Objective: Currently, rivaroxaban is widely used clinically for thromboprophylaxis after surgery. However, there are concerns on effectiveness and safety of rivaroxaban for its proper use. We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of rivaroxaban in orthopaedic patients after total hip replacement surgery in a large medical centre after the preferred formulary was switched from enoxaparin to rivaroxaban. Methods: The study was conducted on the patients who underwent hip arthroplasty surgery at the department of Orthopaedic Surgery at Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, South Korea. Electronic medical records were retrospectively reviewed to identify patients treated with rivaroxaban following total hip replacement between February 2011 and March 2012. Evaluation criteria included indications for use, dose, initiation and duration of therapy, drug interactions, adverse reactions, and status of health care reimbursement. The patients who were on enoxaparin were also reviewed as a reference. Results: We identified 57 patients who received rivaroxaban and 50 who received enoxaparin. All patients were prescribed the drugs for Korean Food and Drug Administration-approved indications. No thromboembolic or bleeding events were observed in either group. However, only 5.3% of rivaroxaban- treated patients had an appropriate length of prophylaxis and only 3.5% began rivaroxaban treatment at the recommended time. Surprisingly, 47.4% of rivaroxaban-treated patients received rivaroxaban despite being ineligible for reimbursement benefits. Conclusion: Rivaroxaban was generally well tolerated clinically. However, the duration of treatment, the time of initiation and patient eligibility for reimbursement require improvements, emphasising the need for education which indicates the area of pharmacists' involvement.

• Journal of mucopolysaccharidosis and rare diseases
• /
• v.4 no.1
• /
• pp.14-20
• /
• 2018

Mucopolysaccharidoses (MPSs) are a group of rare inherited metabolic disorders caused by specific lysosomal enzyme deficiencies leading to the sequential degradation of glycosaminoglycans, causing substrate accumulation in various cells and tissues and progressive multiple organ dysfunction. The rare disease medical care team at Mackay Memorial Hospital in Taiwan has been dedicated to the study of MPSs for more than 20 years. Since 1999, more than 50 academic papers focusing on MPSs have been published in international medical journals. Topics of research include the following items regarding MPSs: incidence, natural history, clinical manifestations, gene mutation characteristics, cardiac function, bone mineral density, sleep studies, pulmonary function tests, hearing assessments, percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy, anesthetic experience, imaging analysis, special biochemical tests, laboratory diagnostics, global expert consensus conferences, prenatal diagnosis, new drug clinical trials, newborn screening, and treatment outcomes. Of these published academic research papers, more than half were cross-domain, cross-industry, and international studies with results in cooperation with experts from European, American and other Asian countries. A cross-specialty collaboration platform was established based on high-risk population screening criteria with the acronym "BECARE" (Bone and joints, Eyes, Cardiac and central nervous system, Abdomen and appearance, Respiratory system, and Ear, nose, and throat involvement). Through this platform, orthopedic surgeons, rheumatologists, ophthalmologists, cardiologists, rehabilitation physicians, gastroenterologists, otorhinolaryngologists, and medical geneticists have been educated with regards to awareness of suspected cases of MPSs patients to allow for a further confirmative diagnosis of MPSs. Because of the progressive nature of the disease, an early diagnosis and early multidisciplinary therapeutic interventions including surgery, rehabilitation programs, symptom-based treatments, hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, and enzyme replacement therapy, are very important.

• Journal of the Korean Geosynthetics Society
• /
• v.19 no.1
• /
• pp.35-44
• /
• 2020

Design techniques for the deep mixing method, one of the soft ground improvement methods, include two ways to interpret the ground as composite ground and pile ground. However, since comparative studies on these two approaches are insufficient, it is difficult to clearly define the analysis criteria in the design. In this study, two-dimensional and three-dimensional analyses have been performed with different conditions. The three conditions, the embankment height, depth of soft ground, and replacement ratio of reinforcement zones were varied and the analysis was performed on the basis of the assumption of composite ground and pile ground for each condition. As a result, the minimum depth of improvement in the two-dimensional analysis was deeper by 6.85~9.08% than in the three-dimensional analysis. The pile ground analysis showed that the depth of improvement was deeper by 12.22~14.45% than the composite ground analysis. Based on these results, it is concluded that for more accurate design, three-dimensional analysis should be performed rather than two-dimensional analysis. also, it is judged that necessary to analyze the ground as composite ground for economical design, and as the pile ground analysis for stable design.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
• /
• v.14 no.2
• /
• pp.113-120
• /
• 2010

Recently, various evaluations concerning structural stability under construction step and completely constructed step have been executed during a Long-span Arch Bridge designing procedure. However, the breakage of cable-hangers of arched bridge in unexpected accident or periodic cable-replacement has not been considered. Therefore, the purpose of this study is that analyzing structural safety of arched bridge when the cable-hangers being fractured by that reasons. Dynamic analysis are performed by idealizing impact load to three types of impact functions as fracturing the cables. Consequently, when the hangers are fractured, the maximum tensile force by dynamic analysis is larger than those by static analysis. Therefore, the dynamic analysis is demanded to accurately obtain the responses for the structural stability with a realistic impact loading model in the breakage and replacement of cable hangers of long-span arched bride. Moreover, the analysis method and results in this study can be used to basic criteria in design.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
• /
• v.26 no.1
• /
• pp.55-63
• /
• 2023

Background: Common questions about shoulder arthroplasty (SA) searched online by patients and the quality of this content are unknown. The purpose of this study is to uncover questions SA patients search online and determine types and quality of webpages encountered. Methods: The "People also ask" section of Google Search was queried to return 900 questions and associated webpages for general, anatomic, and reverse SA. Questions and webpages were categorized using the Rothwell classification of questions and assessed for quality using the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) benchmark criteria. Results: According to Rothwell classification, the composition of questions was fact (54.0%), value (24.7%), and policy (21.3%). The most common webpage categories were medical practice (24.6%), academic (23.2%), and medical information sites (14.4%). Journal articles represented 8.9% of results. The average JAMA score for all webpages was 1.69. Journals had the highest average JAMA score (3.91), while medical practice sites had the lowest (0.89). The most common question was, "How long does it take to recover from shoulder replacement?" Conclusions: The most common questions SA patients ask online involve specific postoperative activities and the timeline of recovery. Most information is from low-quality, non-peer-reviewed websites, highlighting the need for improvement in online resources. By understanding the questions patients are asking online, surgeons can tailor preoperative education to common patient concerns and improve postoperative outcomes. Level of evidence: IV.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
• /
• v.31 no.4
• /
• pp.571-595
• /
• 2022

This study theoretically analyzes the cost allocation of replacement costs that occur when existing operators have to replace circuit breakers due to the entry of new generators. We adopt the sequential equal contributions rule as the cost allocation rule, which is widely used in cost allocation problems in cooperative game theory. We derive various cost allocation plans based on several criteria and examine to what extent each alternative meets various desirable axioms. According to the analysis, (i) the alternative that excludes the cost of the new operator, residual value, and network operator and (ii) the alternative that excludes the cost of the new operator, residual value, and includes network operator are relatively superior to other schemes. We also identify a realistic plan by taking into account practical factors and analyze its axiomatic characteristics.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
• /
• v.27 no.1
• /
• pp.53-61
• /
• 2024

Purpose: Although the 24-hours urinary copper excretion is useful for the diagnosis of Wilson disease (WD), there are practical difficulties in the accurate and timed collection of urine samples. The purpose of this study was to verify if the spot morning urinary Copper/Zinc (Cu/Zn) ratio could be used as a replacement parameter of 24-hours urinary copper excretion in the diagnosis of WD. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh, from June 2019 to May 2021 on 67 children over three years of age who presented with liver disease. Twenty-seven children who fulfilled the inclusion criteria for WD were categorized into the test group, and the remaining forty children were considered to have non-Wilsonian liver disease and were categorized into the control group. Along with other laboratory investigations, spot morning urinary samples were estimated for the urinary Cu/Zn ratio in all patients and were compared to the 24-hour urinary copper excretion. The diagnostic value of the Cu/Zn ratio was then analyzed. Results: Correlation of spot morning urinary Cu/Zn ratio with 24-hours urinary copper excretion was found to be significant (r=0.60). The area under ROC curve with 95% confidence interval of morning urinary Cu/Zn ratio measured using 24-hours urine sample was 0.84 (standard error, 0.05; p<0.001). Conclusion: Spot morning urinary Cu/Zn ratio seems to be a promising parameter for the replacement of 24-hours urinary copper excretion in the diagnosis of WD.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
• /
• v.12 no.3
• /
• pp.344-351
• /
• 2007

The purposes of this study were to analyze the consumer inclination to convenience towards HMR in order to verify the structural correlation of the actual state of consumption, and to analyze consequently, the direct or indirect effects among 'frequency of using,' 'preference', 'satisfaction', and 'intention to repurchase'. The subjects were adults in their twenties or older who had used HMRs and lived in Seoul and Gyeonggi Province in Korea. Random sampling of 550 subjects, who were distributed a questionnaire from March 12 to 30, 2005. A total of 451 questionnaires were returned (the return rates were 82%). The main results of this study were as follows : Regarding the types of HMR, 'Ready to eat' had higher preference (3.31), satisfaction (3.33) and 'intention to purchase it again' (3.38) than those of 'Ready to heat' and 'Ready to end-cook.' Consumer inclination to convenience towards HMR was analyzed in order to verify the structural correlation of the actual state of consumption, and consequently, the direct or indirect effects among 'frequency of using,' 'preference', 'satisfaction', and 'intention to repurchase' were analyzed. The gross effect of 'frequency of using' on 'intention to repurchase' was 0.435, the gross effect of preference on 'intention to purchase it again' was 0.659, and the gross effect of satisfaction on 'intention to purchase it again' was 0.772 for 'Ready to eat.' The gross effect of 'frequency of using' on 'intention to repurchase' was 0.448, the gross effect of preference on 'intention to repurchase' was 0.556, and the gross effect of satisfaction on 'intention to repurchase' was 0.654 for 'Ready to heat.' The gross effect of 'frequency of using' on 'intention to repurchase' was 0.432, the gross effect of preference on 'intention to repurchase' was 0.494, and the gross effect of satisfaction on 'intention to repurchase' was 0.608 for 'Ready to end-cook.' To summerize the above results, there was a difference of the structural correlation among component concepts of the actual state of consuming according to the criteria of HMR. Thus, it implied that differentiated sales strategies were needed according to the criteria of HMR.

• Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
• /
• v.9 no.4
• /
• pp.451-459
• /
• 2021

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the performance of a solidifying agent for recycling the fine powder separated from the nuclear power plant decommissioned concrete as a solidifying agent(SA) for radioactive waste. In order to evaluate the performance of the solidifying agent, a powder simulating the fine powder of waste concrete separated from the dismantled concrete of a nuclear power plant was produced, and the main variables were the type of binder and the replacement ratio of zeolite. The solidifying agent was evaluated for fluidity performance, compressive strength, and leaching resistance to non-radioactive cesium. The compressive strength of SA increased as the zeolite replacement ratio increased, and the SA containing 5% or more of zeolite showed a compressive strength that was 1.4 to 1.7 times higher than the acceptance criteria. The cesium leaching index of all specimens was 6 or higher, satisfying the acceptance criteria, and the leaching index of SA was 1.47~1.63 times higher than that of OPC. In particular, the average leaching index after 28 days of the 5% zeolite-substituted solidifying agent was 9.15, which was improved by about 6.4% compared to OPC, and it was confirmed that the zeolite was effective in improving the leaching resistance to cesium ions by showing stable performance over the entire period.