• International Journal of High-Rise Buildings
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.211-218
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• 2021

A new type of earthquake resilient reinforced concrete (RC) shear wall structure, installed with replaceable coupling beams and replaceable corner components at the bottom of wall piers, is proposed in this study. At first, the mechanical behavior of replaceable components, such as combined dampers and replaceable corner component, is studied by cyclic loading tests on them. Then, cycling loading tests are conducted on one conventional coupled shear wall and one new type of coupled shear wall with replaceable components. The test results indicate that the damage of the new type of coupled shear wall concentrates on replaceable components and the left parts are well protected. Finally, a case study is introduced. The responses of one conventional frame-tube structure and one new type of structure installed with replaceable components under the wind and the earthquake are compared, which verify that the performance of new type of structure is much better than the conventional structure.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.827-835
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• 2005

In this paper, self-networking and replaceable structure in vector graphics contents are presented for wireless internet service. The wireless networks over 2G or 3G are limited in the sense of the speed and the cost. Considering these characteristics of wireless network, self-networking method and replaceable structure in downloaded contents are introduced in order to save the amount of data and provide variations for contents. During the display of contents, a certain data for the contents is downloaded from the server and it is managed appropriately for the operation of the contents. The downloaded materials are reflected to the original contents using replaceable structure. Also, the downloading and modification are independent of the play. In this implementation, the data consists of control data for control and resource data for image, sound or text. Comparing to the conventional methods which download the whole data, the amount of the transmitted data is very small since only the difference is downloaded. Also, during the play of the contents, the changes are adopted immediately. The whole functions are implemented in wireless handset and the various applications are discussed.

• Journal of the Institute of Convergence Signal Processing
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.244-248
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• 2007

In this paper, we propose a novel self-networking and replaceable structure method for the ubiquitous multimedia. As the contents in the ubiquitous multimedia should be realistic and continuously updated in the real-time manner, an efficient scheme of a self-networking and replaceable structure is necessary. In the proposed method, the contents itself connects to the server or corresponding devices and updates itself autonomously. Also, we can reduce the total amount of data transmission comparing to the cases where the whole contents should be downloaded. A Markov chain model is introduced for the proposed structure in order to perform the throughput analysis. The whole mechanism is implemented in the wireless handset and also, various applications of the scheme are discussed.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.365-382
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• 2019

In steel frame-tube structures (SFTSs) the application of flexural beam is not suitable for the beam with span-to-depth ratio lower than five because the plastic hinges at beam-ends can not be developed properly. This can lead to lower ductility and energy dissipation capacity of the SFTS. To address this problem, a replaceable shear link, acting as a ductile fuse at the mid length of deep beams, is proposed. SFTS with replaceable shear links (SFTS-RSLs) dissipate seismic energy through shear deformation of the link. In order to evaluate this proposal, buildings were designed to compare the seismic performance of SFTS-RSLs and SFTSs. Several sub-structures were selected from the design buildings and finite element models (FEMs) were established to study their hysteretic behavior. Static pushover and dynamic analyses were undertaken in comparing seismic performance of the FEMs for each building. The results indicated that the SFTS-RSL and SFTS had similar initial lateral stiffness. Compared with SFTS, SFTS-RSL had lower yield strength and maximum strength, but higher ductility and energy dissipation capacity. During earthquakes, SFTS-RSL had lower interstory drift, maximum base shear force and story shear force compared with the SFTS. Placing a shear link at the beam mid-span did not increase shear lag effects for the structure. The SFTS-RSL concentrates plasticity on the shear link. Other structural components remain elastic during seismic loading. It is expected that the SFTS-RSL will be a reliable dual resistant system. It offers the benefit of being able to repair the structure by replacing damaged shear links after earthquakes.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.293-303
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• 2022

In order to improve the seismic resilience of coupled wall structure, coupling beam with fuse has been developed to reduce the post-earthquake damage. However, the fuses often have a build-up I-shaped section and are relatively heavy to be replaced. Moreover, the fuse and the beam segments are usually connected by bolts and it is time-consuming to replace the damaged fuse. For reducing the repair time and cost, a novel quickly replaceable coupling beam with buckling-restrained energy dissipaters is developed. The fuse of the proposed coupling beam consists of two chord members and bar-typed energy dissipaters placed at the corners of the fuse. In this way, the weight of the energy dissipater can be greatly reduced. The energy dissipaters and the chords are connected with hinge and it is convenient to take down the damaged energy dissipater. The influence of ratio of the length of coupling beam to the length of fuse on the seismic performance of the structure is also studied. The seismic performance of the coupled wall system with the proposed coupling beam is compared with the system with reinforced concrete coupling beams. Results indicated that the weight and post-earthquake repair cost of the proposed fuse can be reduced compared with the typical I-shaped fuse. With the increase of the ratio of the beam length to the fuse length, the interstory drift of the structure is reduced while the residual fuse chord rotation is increased.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.305-325
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• 2020

Beams of steel frame-tube structures (SFTSs) typically have span-to-depth ratios of less than five. This makes a flexural beam unsuitable for such an application because the plastic hinges at the beam-ends cannot be adequately developed. This leads to lower ductility and energy dissipation capacities of SFTSs. To address this, SFTSs with bolted web-connected replaceable shear links (SFTS-BWSLs) are proposed. In this structural system, a web-connected replaceable shear link with a back-to-back double channel section is placed at the mid-length of the deep beam to act as a ductile fuse. This allows energy from earthquakes to be dissipated through link shear deformation. SFTS and SFTS-BWSL buildings were examined in this study. Several sub-structures were selected from each designed building and finite element models were established to study their respective hysteretic performance. The seismic behavior of each designed building was observed through static and dynamic analyses. The results indicate that the SFTS-BWSL and SFTS have similar initial lateral stiffness and shear leg properties. The SFTS-BWSL had lower strength, but higher ductility and energy dissipation capacities. Compared to the SFTS, the SFTS-BWSL had lower interstory drift, base shear force, and story shear force during earthquakes. This design approach could concentrate plasticity on the shear link while maintaining the residual interstory drift at less than 0.5%. The SFTS-BWSL is a reliable resistant system that can be repaired by replacing shear links damaged due to earthquakes.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.323-339
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• 2020

In steel framed-tube structures (SFTSs), the plastic hinges at beam-ends cannot be adequately improved because of the large cross sections of spandrel beams, which results in the lower ductility and energy dissipation capacities of traditional SFTSs. To address this drawback, high-strength steel fabricated SFTSs with bolted web-connected replaceable shear links (HSFTS-SLs) have been proposed. In this system, shear links use conventional steel and are placed in the middle of the deep spandrel beams to act as energy dissipative components. In this study, 2/3-scaled HSFTS-SL specimens were fabricated, and cyclic loading tests were carried out to study the seismic performance of both specimens. The finite element models (FEMs) of the two specimens were established and the numerical results were compared with the test results. The results showed that the specimens had good ductility and energy dissipation capacities due to the reliable deformation capacities. The specimens presented the expected failure modes. Using a shorter shear link can provide a higher load-carrying capacity and initial elastic lateral stiffness but induces lower ductility and energy dissipation capacity in HSFTS-SLs. The performance of the specimens was comparable to that of the original sub-structure specimens after replacing shear links. Additionally, the expected post-earthquake recoverability and resilience of the structures could be achieved by replacing shear links. The acceptable residual interstory drift that allows for easy replacement of the bolted web-connected shear link was 0.23%. The bolted web-connected shear links had reliable hysteretic responses and deformation capacities. The connection rotation had a notable contribution to total link rotation. The results of the numerical analysis run for the proposed FEMs were consistent with the test results. It showed that the proposed FEMs could be used to investigate the seismic performance of the HSFTS-SL.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.265-279
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• 2019

The self-centering capacity and energy dissipation performance have been recognized critically for increasing the seismic performance of structures. This paper presents an innovative steel moment frame with self-centering steel reinforced concrete (SRC) wall panel incorporating replaceable energy dissipation devices (SF-SCWD). The self-centering mechanism and energy dissipation mechanism of the structure were validated by cyclic tests. The earthquake resilience of wall panel has the ability to limit structural damage and residual drift, while the energy dissipation devices located at wall toes are used to dissipate energy and reduce the seismic response. The oriented post-tensioned strands provide additional overturning force resistance and help to reduce residual drift. The main parameters were studied by numerical analysis to understand the complex structural behavior of this new system, such as initial stress of post-tensioning strands, yield strength of damper plates and height-width ratio of the wall panel. The static push-over analysis was conducted to investigate the failure process of the SF-SCWD. Moreover, nonlinear time history analysis of the 6-story frame was carried out, which confirmed the availability of the proposed structures in permanent drift mitigation.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.65 no.5
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• pp.557-572
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• 2018

The academic research works about liquid storage tanks are reviewed for the purpose of providing valuable reference to the engineering practice on their aseismic design. A summary of the performance of tanks during past earthquakes is described in this paper. Next, the seismic response of tanks under unidirectional earthquake is reported, supplemented with the dynamic response under multidirectional motions. Then, researches on the influence of soil-structure interaction are brought out to help modify the seismic design approach of tanks in different areas with variable properties of soils. Afterwards, base isolation systems are reported to demonstrate their effectiveness for the earthquake-resistant design of liquid storage tanks. Further, researches about the liquid-structure interaction are reviewed with description of simplified models and numerical analytical methods, some of which consider the elastic effect of tank walls. Moreover, the liquid sloshing phenomenon on the hydrodynamic behaviors of tanks is presented by various algorithms including grid-based and meshfree method. And then the impact of baffles in changing the dynamic characteristics of the liquid-structure system is raised, which shows the energy dissipation by the vortex motion of liquid. In addition, uplifting effect is given to enhance the understanding on the capacity of unanchored tanks and some assessment of their development. At last, the concluding remarks and the aspects of extended research in the field of liquid storage tanks under seismic loads are provided, emphasizing the thermal stress analysis, the replaceable system for base isolation, the liquid-solid interaction and dynamic responses with stochastic excitations.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.527-544
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• 2020

This research presents the design and numerical assessment of composite steel-concrete frame structures with welded dissipative fuses. The assessment has been carried out based on linear response spectrum, nonlinear static pushover and time history procedures. The analytical expressions which define the envelope of the nonlinear response of the dissipative fuses are first presented and calibrated against experimental results available in literature. The assessment is then carried out according to a design methodology proposed herein. Outcomes of the numerical assessment indicate that the use of welded dissipative fuses successfully limited damage within the replaceable parts. Furthermore, although structures with dissipative fuses present lower strength and, generally, lower displacement capacity, their displacement ductility and global dissipative performance are generally higher than conventional structures, especially when the structure with dissipative fuses presents a dissipative configuration adjusted to the bending moment distribution diagram calculated for the applied seismic action.