• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.537-548
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• 2015

This study aims to identify and compare the patterns of scientific questions generation among elementary science-gifted and general students when conducting observational tasks. The pattern in generating scientific questions, which is distinguished from other types of scientific questions, is the manner that students generate a variety of types of questions in an inquiry process. To analyze the patterns in generating scientific questions, the task of observing dry grapes in soda pop, candlelight, and dyed celery were selected as suitable tasks. The subjects were 26 science-gifted students participating in a gifted education program and 27 general students in an elementary school in the same city. They were all sixth graders. The results of this study are as follows: First, the patterns of scientific questions generation among gifted students and general students during observational tasks were classified into five patterns: [Pattern 1] single, [Pattern 2] sequential, [Pattern 3] repetitive, [Pattern 4] circulative, [Pattern 5] repetitive, and circulative. Second, gifted students and general students presented all of the five patterns, but the frequency of the patterns indicated differences between the two groups. The gifted students primarily presented [Pattern 3] and [Pattern 5]. On the other hand, the general students mainly presented [Pattern 1], [Pattern 2], and [Pattern 3]. These results suggest that the ways of generating scientific questions are very much as important as the types of questions. Teachers can establish teaching-learning strategies for generating scientific questions appropriate to learner's characteristics.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.117-124
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• 2012

Objective: The goal of this study is to design a creative tutoring service, which helps children gain confidence and creativity through learning activities. Background: Nowadays most kids are growing up in a very competitive environment under their parents' zeal for education. A stressful environment can deter a child from the confident undertaking of challenges, leading to depression, anxiety, and feelings of inadequacy. Art therapy helps children work through these issues, however the process led by instructors or parents, and kids still feel anxious studying adults' face to read their thought. Method: To help children address challenges, a creative tutoring service application can provide images with certain tasks instead of asking them to fill in blank areas. The tasks asked by the service system are 1) to visualize children's own experience utilizing visually associated images from given images and 2) to create an illustrated story modifying and re-composing given images. Another task is to learn basic math and words with numbers and alphabets in customized colors. By completing each task children collect awards, which allow them graduate to higher levels of challenges. The outcomes from the tasks are sent to the main server system and reviewed by analysts. Those results are sent to children's parents as a text message on smart phone. Results: Visual implication using images inspires children to make creative stories based on their own experience. Also, children can find their own patterns of reaching answers by using synaesthetic imagery through repetitive practices of creative thinking tasks. Conclusion: Understanding how they feel about doing tasks in certain environments and assessing them in varied situations should be carefully considered when designers approach service design for kids. By focusing on how to tutor children in creative ways, as opposed to focusing on the expected outcome, creative service applications can be designed to reduce children's stress and encourage self expression. Children are predicted to gain confidence through using the service without the concern of comparison by others. Application: The creative tutoring service needs to be developed and tested by varying types of children.

• Journal of Korea Game Society
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.23-31
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• 2011

The cognitive abilities are functions in human brain. They are closely with the real life. The cognitive abilities are likely to be decreased when human gets older and older. Fortunately, due to the plasticity of human brain, it is possible to help recover and rehabilitate brain function. Those efforts are called brain training and cognitive ability training. The cognitive ability training needs continuous trials and efforts. But many users feel boring because of simple repetitive works. This paper proposes a cognitive training system implemented in a smart device. The proposed system is designed to make users to focus on the repetitive training by using game-based tasks on the smart device. It shows that the proposed system is effective to attention and flexible on cognitive training game.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.12-17
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• 1998

Circadian rhythms in subjective alertness, mood, and performance can be classified as psychological rhythm, compared with physiological rhythm such as body temperature and hormonal change. While in normal condition entrained by 24hr zeitgeber, subjective alertness would reach its maximum value around midday, subjective alertness would parallel body temperature rhythm with its peak at evening in non-entrained, free-running state. With desynchronization technique, subjective alertness rhythm is thought to be controlled by both temperature and sleep-wake rhythm oscillator. Circadian performance rhythms depend on the kind of task tested. It shows parallelism with body temperature rhythm when subjects are tested with simple, repetitive task. But when tested with tasks requiring complex verbal reasoning or immediate memory, subjects would perform them best at early morning, with performance decreasing as time of day advances. The desynchronization technique shows that circadian performance rhythm of simple, repetitive task is dependent on temperature oscillator but circadian performance rhythm of complex verbal reasoning is influenced by both temperature and sleep-wake rhythm oscillator or another independent oscillator. It would be worthwhile to compare psychological rhythm with hormonal change such as cortisol and melatonin. And more simple and time-saving method than desynchronization technique may facilitate the study of the mechanism underlying psychological rhythm.

• Design & Manufacturing
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.21-26
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• 2022

In the CNC machining process, problems such as lowering of machine operation rate, setting errors, and machining precision occur due to the increase in setting time and preparation time. These machining errors cause delays in delivery and increase in cost due to an increase in the number of mounting and dismounting of the workpiece, an increase in measurement and reprocessing time, and an increase in the finishing time in the assembly process. Therefore, in this study, by automating the setting of the work piece using OMV (On Machine Verification), which is a meteorological measurement system, the preparation time for machining the work piece and the setting accuracy were improved, the rework rate was reduced, and the mold manufacturing process was shortened. Through the advancement, standardzation, and automation of the mold part manufacturing process, we have improved productivity by minimizing low-value-added repetitive tasks. In addition, the measurement time was reduced by more than 50% and the machining measurement rate was improved by more than 20%, eliminating repetitive work for correcting machining defects, and reducing the work preparation time by more than 15% through automatic setting.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.23-31
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• 2023

Background: Several factors contribute to shoulder pain, including abnormal neck posture, repeated use of the upper limbs, work involving raising the upper limbs above the head, and the effects of vibration. However, previous study has reported that constant vibration exposure could impact improvement of the stability on joints related with muscle recruitment and activation. For this difference reason, we need to verify for the complex study of relationship with repetitive upper limb movements, poor head posture, and constant vibration exposure. Objects: Our study was made to investigate the influence of vibration exposure on the shoulder muscle activity during forward-head and over-head tasks with isometric shoulder flexion. Methods: In a total of 22 healthy subjects, surface electromyography (EMG) data were collected from shoulder muscles (upper/lower trapezius, serratus anterior, and lumbar erector spinae) on tasks (neutral-head task [NHT], forward-head task [FHT], and over-head task [OHT]) with and without vibration exposure. Results: In all tasks, the EMG data of the upper trapezius and serratus anterior significantly increased with vibration exposure (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the EMG data of the lumbar erector spinae significantly increased with vibration exposure in the NHT and FHT (p < 0.05). Conclusion: We suggest that continuous vibration exposure during the use of hand-held tools in the tasks could be associated with harmful effects in the workplace. Lastly, we clinically need to examine the guidelines regarding the optimal posture and vibration exposure.

• The Journal of Korea Robotics Society
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.151-156
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• 2018

Military robots are expected to play an important role in the future battlefield, and will be actively engaged in dangerous, repetitive and difficult tasks. During the robots perform the tasks a human operator controls the robots in a supervisory way. The operator recognizes battlefield situations from remote robots through an interface of the operator control center, and controls them. In the meantime, operator workload, controller interface, robot automation level, and task complexity affect robot operability. In order to assess the robot operability, we have developed ROSim (Robot Operational Simulator) incorporating these operational factors. In this paper, we introduce the results of applying ROSim experimentally to the assessment of reconnaissance robot operability in a battle field. This experimental assessment shows three resulting measurements: operational control workload, operational control capability, mission success rate, and discuss its applicability to the defense robot research and development. It is expected that ROSim can contribute to the design of an operator control center and the design analysis of a human-robot team in the defense robot research and development.

• Journal of KIBIM
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.29-38
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• 2013

Domestic construction industry is larger in size, and its shape is more complex. As a result, collaboration and information management tasks are difficult to manage in a way that conventional 2D-based exchange of information. BIM technology was introduced as a solution for this. But BIM only provides a very limited set of features such as Constructability review, clash detection in reality. and duplication of work and a lot of iterations occurs in BIM process. Thus, it takes quite a lot time to work. We studied how to improve the work efficiency by connecting API to business processes. Using the API in the integration process by automating repetitive tasks, reduce a significant amount of work time Using API (Automation, Optimization, Interoperability, Analysis) can solve the task problem that does not solved by the basic features, If we make good use of the combined API will be improved productivity.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.67-87
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• 2005

Impaired sensorimotor function of the hand ipsilateral to a unilateral brain damage has been reported in a variety of motor task. however, it is still the controversial issue because of the difficulty of detection in clinical situation, patients' variability(time after onset, contralateral upper extremity severity, other cognitive functions including apraxia), and the performed various motor task. The purpose of this study is to determine the presence of ipsilateral motor deficit following unilateral brain damage in three different specific tasks(hand tapping, visual tracking and coin rotation) compared with healthy age-sex matched control group using the same hand and to investigate the lateralized motor control in each hemispheric function. Findings revealed that stroke patients with unilateral brain damage experienced difficulties with rapid-simple repetitive movement, visuomotor coordination, complex sequencing movement on ipsilateral side. Also, Comparison of the left-hemispheric stroke groups and the right-hemispheric stroke groups revealed that patients with a left-hemisphere damage tended to be more variable in performing all of the three tasks. These results show that stroke patient with left hemisphere damage has more ipsilateral motor deficit, and the left hemisphere contributes to the processing of motor control that necessary for the executing actions with ipsilateral hand.

• Korean Journal of Computational Design and Engineering
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.368-389
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• 2014

There are many agendas and discussion subjects for BIM-based Criteria Design phase. At that time, some problems are occurred by software compatibility, simple repetitive tasks, rework caused by missing information etc. In this study, we focus on solving that problems by applying API(Application Programming Interface) method. For effective study, we construct Criteria Design process by using DSM (Dependency Structure Matrix) and study applicability of API. It will be effective for time-consuming task and simply labor-intensive tasks by applying API. we expect improving BIM-based Design Process and Data quality, work productivity without missing information and shapes for using API.