• Journal of KIISE:Databases
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.151-162
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• 2006

RDF Semantics, one of W3C Recommendations, provides the RDFS entailment rules, which are used for the RDFS inference. Sesame, which is well known RDF repository, supports the RDBMS-based RDFS inference using the forward-chaining strategy. Since inferencing in the forward-chaining strategy is performed in the data loading time, the data loading time in Sesame is slow down be inferencing. In this paper, we propose the order scheme for applying the RDFS entailment rules to improve inference performance. The proposed application order makes the inference process terminate without repetition of the process for most cases and guarantees the completeness of inference result. Also the application order helps to reduce redundant results during the inference by predicting the results which were made already by previously applied rules. In this paper, we show that our approaches can improve the inference performance with comparisons to the original Sesame using several real-life RDF datasets.

• Journal of the Korean institute of surface engineering
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.331-338
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• 2016

In this work, anodic oxidation behavior of AZ31 Mg alloy was studied as a function of $Na_2CO_3$ concentration in electrolyte by voltage-time curves and observation of surface appearances and morphologies after the anodic treatments, using optical microscopy and confocal scanning laser microscopy (CSLM). The voltage-time curves of AZ31 Mg alloy surface and surface appearances after the anodic treatments showed three different regions with $Na_2CO_3$ concentration : region I, below 0.2 M $Na_2CO_3$ where shiny surface with a number of small size pits; region II, between 0.4 M and 0.6 M $Na_2CO_3$ where dark surface with relatively low number of large size burned or dark spots; region III, more than 0.8 M $Na_2CO_3$ where bright surface with or without large size dark spots were obtained. The anodically treated AZ31 Mg alloy surface became significantly brightened with increasing $Na_2CO_3$ concentration from 0.5 M to 0.8 M which was attribute to the formation of denser and smoother surface films. Pits and porous protruding reaction products were found at relatively large size and small size spots, respectively, on the AZ31 Mg alloy surface in low concentration of $Na_2CO_3$ less than 0.2 M. The formation of pits is attributed to the result of repetition of the formation and detachment of porous anodic reaction products. Based on the experimental results obtained in this work, it is concluded that more uniform, denser and smoother surface of AZ31 Mg alloy could be obtained at more than 0.8 M $Na_2CO_3$ concentration if there is no other oxide forming agent.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.52 no.4
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• pp.184-193
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• 2015

Passive Surveillance System based on the TDOA detects the emitter position in the air using TOA of pulses comprising emitter signal from multiple receivers. In case that PRI of pulses from the emitter is not enough big in comparison with the distance among receivers, it causes the ambiguity problem in selecting proper pulse pairs for TDOA emitter geolocation. In this paper, a novel ambiguity resolution method of radar pulses is presented by using genetic algorithm after changing ambiguity problem into optimization problem between TDOA of received pulses from each receiver and emitter position. Simulation results are presented to show the performance of the proposed method.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.223-233
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• 2023

Gauss Sieve is an algorithm for solving SVP and requires exponential time and space complexity. The terminationcondition of the Sieve is determined by the size of the constructed list and the number of collisions related to space complexity. The term 'collision' refers to the state in which the sampled vector is reduced to the vector that is already inthe list. if collisions occur more than a certain number of times, the algorithm terminates. When executing previous algorithms, we noticed that unnecessary operations continued even after the shortest vector was found. This means that the existing termination condition is set larger than necessary. In this paper, after identifying the point where unnecessary operations are repeated, optimization is performed on the number of operations required. The tests are conducted by adjusting the threshold of the collision that becomes the termination condition and the distribution in whichthe sample vector is generated. According to the experiments, the operation that occupies the largest proportion decreased by62.6%. The space and time complexity also decreased by 4.3 and 1.6%, respectively.

• Journal of English Language & Literature
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• v.56 no.5
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• pp.797-821
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• 2010

This paper aims to explore how Millay's love sonnets rewrite the carpe diem tradition in the complicated ways. This paper redirects critical attention away from Millay's individual experience and inner self toward the scene of literary history, suggesting that there may be more historical consciousness in Millay's sentimental and feminine "gesture." Rewriting the carpe diem tradition, Millay's sonnets reveal an awareness of the dependence of the carpe diem poems' discursive logic on the woman's coyness, its inability to accomplish its triumph over woman or time (death) without her posited reluctance. Contrary to Andrew Marvel's "To His Coy Mistress," the speakers of Millay's sonnets could never be accused of the sexual coyness; they are outspoken in their defiance of both death and lovers whose possessiveness resembles death's embrace. Moreover, as Stacy Carson Hubbard points out, by converting female sexual experience from its status as a onetime closural event to repeatable one, hence an opportunity for the general and emotional irritability productive of narrative, Millay seizes for the woman the power of "dilation" in both its sexual and its verbal forms. Furthermore, this paper argues that the woman's sex no longer invites analogies to things secret and sealed, preserved or ruined in Millay's sonnets. The woman's promiscuity implies a rejection of monumentalizing love, as well as a refusal of the fixing inherent in the carpe diem's fearful invocation of the movement of time. Throughout the love sonnets, the speaker's sexualized body produces nothing but ephemera. For Millay, this body spends its powers in hopes of having them, and the force of this spending is a perpetual and willful forgetting, which makes possible the repetition of love's story. Ultimately, Milly disturbs our critical categories by rendering permeable boundaries between modern literature and dead form of classic literature, the female speaker and male speaker.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.108-118
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• 2013

This study has analyzed the process of space information perceived and recognized through the estimation of observation frequency and number according to the time range of observation data acquired from observation experiment with the object of hospital lobby. The followings are the results analyzed at this study. First, the continual observation of 3 and 6 times was attentive and conscious for probing to find an object rather than for acquiring exact information and that of 9 times could be regarded as the time for acquiring visual appreciation. However, the repetitive occurrence of high and low frequencies can be thought of repetitive acts for visual appreciation. Second, the continual observation of 3 and 6 times had the highest observation frequency of II, while that of 9 times had the highest observation frequency of III. In case of 3 and 6 times, the observation frequency had the tendency to become a little higher after being low since V, and in case of 9 times it had the repetition of becoming low and high and from IX it characteristically got higher. This feature can be thought to be the process that the subject repeats the fixation and movement of observation at a visual activity for perception and recognition. In the process of first observation, the observation frequency was the highest after 20 seconds or so, but since then, it gets lower and repeatedly gets higher and lower as time passes. After 90 seconds, the frequency showed the tendency of getting higher continuously. Third, the examination of changing features of frequency may show the characteristics of exploration for and attention to space but if the observation frequency is not associated with observation times for analysis there will a limitation that the features of observation frequency cannot be clarified. Accordingly, the simultaneous analysis of both is very effective for estimating the observation characteristics seen at the processes of perception and recognition. Fourth, the general analysis of the both revealed: with the progress of observation time the discontinuous space exploration decreased, and as the observation time got longer the fixed attention to a specific spot increased. Fifth, in order to estimate the observation characteristics by the change of time range the observation frequency and times by trend line was analyzed, which approach seems to be an appropriate technique that can comprehensively show the overall flow of time series data.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.45
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• pp.75-99
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• 2016

Unlike the other media, the animation has its unique aesthetic characteristics. First, one of the media characteristics of the animation is creativity images of the hand drawn animation by shooting of frame by frame. Next the animation image which is created through metamorphosis obtain new space-time by unique motility. This paper treats of two parts of space and time in animation. One is the metamorphosis image of animation and the other is the motility. To concrete this, this paper analyzed Georges Schwizgebel's Works. They are very interesting that the structural characteristics of the animation. Especially, , < La course ${\grave{a}}$ $l^{\prime}ab{\hat{i}}me$ > directed by Georges Schwizgebel are a good text for analyzing space-time of animation in that it combines various metamorphosis and motility with his expressions. The images of his works are continuously maintained transformational stream by his main expressions of metamorphosis and motility etc. This study focuses on analyzing the way of metamorphosis and motility function to make meaning in this texts. His works consist with metamorphosis and motility, and various moving images to let audience feel the characteristics of space and time in animation. We can experience numerous dual structures like space and time, freeze-frame and motility, rhythm and repetition, two dimension and three dimension, dissolution and reconstitution, abstract shape and concrete form etc from these cases. One of the main apparat is the emphasis of metamorphosis and motility by independent space of animation.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.108-116
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• 2006

Purpose : High-resolution spiral-scan imaging is performed at 3 Tesla MRI system. Since the gradient waveforms for the spiral-scan imaging have lower slopes than those for the Echo Planar Imaging (EPI), they can be implemented with the gradient systems having lower slew rates. The spiral-scan imaging also involves less eddy currents due to the smooth gradient waveforms. The spiral-scan imaging method does not suffer from high specific absorption rate (SAR), which is one of the main obstacles in high field imaging for rf echo-based fast imaging methods such as fast spin echo techniques. Thus, the spiral-scan imaging has a great potential for the high-speed imaging in high magnetic fields. In this paper, we presented various high-resolution images obtained by the spiral-scan methods at 3T MRI system for various applications. Materials and Methods : High-resolution spiral-scan imaging technique is implemented at 3T whole body MRI system. An efficient and fast higher-order shimming technique is developed to reduce the inhomogeneity, and the single-shot and interleaved spiral-scan imaging methods are developed. Spin-echo and gradient-echo based spiral-scan imaging methods are implemented, and image contrast and signal-tonoise ratio are controlled by the echo time, repetition time, and the rf flip angles. Results : Spiral-scan images having various resolutions are obtained at 3T MRI system. Since the absolute magnitude of the inhomogeneity is increasing in higher magnetic fields, higher order shimming to reduce the inhomogeneity becomes more important. A fast shimming technique in which axial, sagittal, and coronal sectional inhomogeneity maps are obtained in one scan is developed, and the shimming method based on the analysis of spherical harmonics of the inhomogeneity map is applied. For phantom and invivo head imaging, image matrix size of about $100{\times}100$ is obtained by a single-shot spiral-scan imaging, and a matrix size of $256{\times}256$ is obtained by the interleaved spiral-scan imaging with the number of interleaves of from 6 to 12. Conclusion : High field imaging becomes increasingly important due to the improved signal-to-noise ratio, larger spectral separation, and the higher BOLD-based contrast. The increasing SAR is, however, a limiting factor in high field imaging. Since the spiral-scan imaging has a very low SAR, and lower hardware requirements for the implementation of the technique compared to EPI, it is suitable for a rapid imaging in high fields. In this paper, the spiral-scan imaging with various resolutions from $100{\times}100$ to $256{\times}256$ by controlling the number of interleaves are developed for the high-speed imaging in high magnetic fields.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.15-24
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to investigate the sterilization effect of Er:YAG laser against the intraoral acid producing bacterium, S. mutans, by irradiating the culture solution containing S. mutans KCTC 3065 with Er:YAG laser having a $650{\mu}m$ diameter beam through the non-contact method. We obtained the following results after examining the temperature changes of the culture solution, numbers of bacterial colonies, and acid-producing ability and attaching ability on teeth by measuring the amount of extracellular polysaccharide produced by S. mutans. The number of bacterial colony was decreased in $10{\mu}l$ culture solution irradiated with laser in overall compared to the control solution. The number decreased as the irradiation intensity and pulse repetition rate were larger and as the exposure time was increased. However, it did not change significantly in $100{\mu}l$ culture solution compared to the control solution. Although the acid-producing ability of S. mutans was inhibited for a certain duration after laser irradiation in 10r1 bacterial culture solution, it did not change in $100{\mu}m$ solution compared with the control solution. The amount of extracellular polysaccharide synthesized by S. mutans was partially decreased through laser irradiation in $10{\mu}m$ culture solution but did not change in $100{\mu}m$ culture solution. Based on these findings, we concluded that Er:YAG laser has an sterilization effect on S. mutans in which we presume that the mechanism is through the heat effect rather than the mechanical effect from development of ultrasound.

• Journal of Elementary Mathematics Education in Korea
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.37-53
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• 2001

This paper tries to find out about organizational and managemental aspect of Korean curriculum through a comparison between Korea's 7th elementary mathematics curriculum and that of Japan's elementary mathematics curriculum, which will start in m2 through researching various literatures. The main characteristic of this elementary mathematics curriculum is that Korea has organized a teaming program that tended to individual differences, and focused on student-centered activities and communication based on constructivism. On the other hand, Japan reduced learning contents a lot by running 5-schooldays a week so that 80% of teaching time can be spent to help the students master mathematical contents of the textbook. This leaves 20％ of teaching time to be used for improving mathematical thinking power as a foundation of creativity through mathematical activities. Korea's teaching time spent for elementary mathematics is about 80％ of Japan's, which is also less than that of other country's. Less time in teaming mathematics will lead to decrease in teaming ability. Therefore, there is a need for increased teaching time in mathematics. Korea's revision of curriculum is about 5 years which is often compared to that of Japan's 10 years. Frequent revising is good in that it reflects the social demand, but it can cause much confusion and problems in accepting and applying its program in a real classroom setting, which is why it needs to be looked at again. The direction, objective and assesment of revision fits the demands of international trends and essentials of mathematics. Japan puts its emphasis on learning through repetition and Korea puts its emphasis on problem solving and communication. Regarding assesment, both Korea and Japan is looking for ways to find various assessing ways which will focus on mathematical process rather than the mathematical results, and also will put emphasis on criterion-directed assesment to measure goal achievements. However Japan emphasize on using report cards of assesment to help mathematics learning.