• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.382-390
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• 2012

This study shows the optimum attachment of Two-Way Shape Memory Alloy (TWSMA) springs onto thermal liner and its sewing method for the mass production of fire fighter's intelligent turnout gear. SMA springs were attached to the fabric by four different methods and stitched by two different shapes (square and wave). The durability of the attached springs was tested by laundering up to 50 cycles. Examined were whether the springs would remain attached to the fabric after repeated laundering, the shape memory effect and reaction of the springs, and the anti-corrosiveness of the springs. A Human-Clothing-Environment simulator evaluated thermal insulation according to attachment methods, air layer volume, and stitch types. The findings showed that silicon attached springs remained intact after repeated laundering; in addition, repeated laundering did not influence the responsiveness and anti-corrosiveness of SMAs. Air volume had positive relations with the insulation. Attachment methods or stitch methods had limited impact on the thermal insulation. As a result, a wave type stitch with silicone attachment was suggested as the optimum method to attach the SMA springs onto the intelligent turnout gear for fire fighters.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.105-110
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• 2017

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of frozen mixed double-embryo transfer (MDET; the simultaneous transfer of day 3 and day 5 embryos) in comparison with frozen blastocyst double-embryo transfer (BDET; transfer of two day 5 blastocysts) in patients with repeated implantation failure (RIF). Methods: A total of 104 women with RIF who underwent frozen MDET (n = 48) or BDET (n = 56) with excellent-quality embryos were included in this retrospective analysis. All frozen embryo transfers were performed in natural cycles. The main outcome measures were the implantation rate, clinical pregnancy rate, multiple pregnancy rate, and miscarriage rate. These measures were compared between the patients who underwent MDET or BDET using the chi-square test or the Fisher exact test, as appropriate. Results: The implantation and clinical pregnancy rates were significantly higher in patients who underwent MDET than in those who underwent BDET (60.4% vs. 39.3%, p=0.03 and 52.1% vs. 30.4%, p=0.05, respectively). A significantly lower miscarriage rate was observed in the MDET group (6.9% vs. 10.7%, p=0.05). In addition, the multiple pregnancy rate was slightly, but not significantly, higher in the MDET group (27.1% vs. 25.0%). Conclusion: MDET was found to be significantly superior to double blastocyst transfer. It could be regarded as an appropriate approach to improve in vitro fertilization success rates in RIF patients.

• Journal of Hydrogen and New Energy
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.189-198
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• 2008

Cooperative effects of Rh, Ce and Zr added to Fe-based oxide mediums were investigated using temperature programmed redox reaction (TPR/TPO) and isothermal redox reaction in the view point of hydrogen storage and release. As the results of TPR/TPO, Rh was a sale additive to remarkably promote the redox reaction on the medium as evidenced by the lower highest peak temperature, even though its addition was to accelerate deactivation of the mediums due to sintering. On the other hand, Ce and Zr additives played an important role to suppress deactivation of the medium in repeated redox cycles. The medium co-added by Rh, Ce and Zr (FRCZ) exhibited synergistic performance in the repeated isothermal redox reaction, and the amount of hydrogen produced in the water splitting step at 623 K was highly maintained at ca. $17\;mmol{\cdot}g^{-1}-Fe$ during three repeated redox cycles.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.375-384
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• 2002

Repeated-dose toxicity of hyrubicin ID6105, a novel anthrarycline anticancer agent, was investigated in Sprague-Dawley rats. ID6105 was injected intravenously to rats at dose levels of 0.04, 0.2 or 1.0 mg/kg/day for 4 week. As a result, there were no dose-related mortality and specific clinical signs of all animals treated with the drug. However body weight gain of both male and female rats treated with a high dose (l.0 mg/kg/day) of ID6105 significantly decreased compared to control. Interestingly, the numbers of RBC and platelets, and concentration of hemoglobin remarkably increased, while protein synthesis was suppressed, which may be related to the atrophy of spleen, thymus and liver. Moreover there were severe lymphocytic depletion in spleen and thymus as well as decrease in the number of hematopoietic cells in bone marrow. Also, degeneration of cardiac muscles and testicular germinal epithelia were observed. Taken together, it is suggested that Long-term administration of ID6105 at high doses over 0.2 mg/kg/day might cause hematopoietic and male reproductive system injuries, in addition to hepatic dysfunction.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.26 no.12
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• pp.1074-1078
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• 2003

The effects of glycine on morphine-induced hyperactivity, reverse tolerance and postsynaptic dopamine receptor supersensitivity in mice was examined. A single administration of morphine (10 mg/kg, s.c.) induced hyperactivity as measured in mice. The morphine-induced hyperactivity was inhibited by pretreatment with glycine (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg, i.p.). In addition, it was found repeated administration of morphine (10 mg/kg, s.c.) to mice daily for 6 days caused an increase in motor activity which could be induced by a subsequent morphine dose, an effect known as reverse tolerance or sensitization. Glycine (100, 200 and 400 rng/kg, i.p.) also inhibited morphine-induced reverse tolerance. Mice that had received 7 daily repeated administrations of morphine also developed postsynaptic dopamine receptor supersensitivity, as shown by enhanced ambulatory activity after administration of apomorphine (2 mg/kg, s.c.). Glycine inhibited the development of postsynaptic dopamine receptor supersensitivity induced by repeated administration of morphine. It is suggested that the inhibitory effects of glycine might be mediated by dopaminergic (DAergic) transmission. Accordingly, the inhibition by glycine of the morphine-induced hyperactivity, reverse tolerance and dopamine receptor supersensitivity suggests that glycine might be useful for the treatment of morphine addiction.

• Journal of the Architectural Institute of Korea Structure & Construction
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.33-39
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• 2018

This study performed experimental validation of the hysteretic steel slit damper's basic and dependent characteristics, which should be considered for the design. The basic characteristic of the steel slit damper is used for determining design properties of non-linear analysis, such as yielding strength, yielding displacement, elastic stiffness and post-yielding stiffness. In order to evaluate dependent characteristics of the hysteretic steel slit damper, repeated deformation capacity with respect to the displacement, velocity and aspect ratio of the damper was evaluated. In this study, steel slit damper, which is widely used in Korea, was considered. The slit dampers with 55kN and 240kN of yielding strength were produced and tested. It was concluded that the slit damper's hysteresis behavior was affected by the dependent characteristics: displacement, velocity and aspect ratio. In other words, the steel slit damper's behavior was stable within limit displacement, and aspect ratio of the strut affected repeated deformation capacity of the damper subjected to large deformation. In addition, it was observed that the repeated deformation capacity abruptly decreased at the high speed range (${\geq}60mm/sec$). Furthermore, the experimental results were evaluated with the criterion of the damping device specified in ASCE7-10.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.94-103
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• 2004

Korean red ginseng is known to have anti-stress and memory enhancing effects. Recent studies suggested that stress-induced inhibition of adult neurogenesis in hippocampus may contribute, in part, to decreased negative feedback inhibition of HPA axis. In order to elucidate the mechanism of Korean red ginseng in anti-stress and memory enhancing effects, we observed the effects of repeated treatment of Korean red ginseng total saponin (GTS, 50 mg/kg, i.p.) in response to repeated unpredictable stress for 10 days. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (230 - 260 g) received with either GTS (50 mg/kg, i.p.) or vehicle (1 ml/kg, i.p.) 1 h before stress for 10 days. Rats were injected with bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU, 50 mg/kg, i.p.) 16-18 he after last stress procedure, and were sacrificed 2 hr later by perfusion. Immunohistochemistry of BrdU was done to measure proliferation of neural progenitor cells in hippocampus, which was used as an index of neurogenesis. Repeated GTS treatment for 10 days increased neurogenesis in subgranular zone area of dentate gyrus (SGZ), but not hilus, compared with vehicle-treated rats. Repeated unpredictable stress did not affect the neurogenesis compared with controls, while repeated GTS treatment increased neurogenesis in SGZ in repeated unpredictable stress-exposed group. BDNF mRNA was also measured in subregions of hippocampus by in situ hybridization. BDNF mRNA expression in CA3 and CA1 pyramidal cell layer was increased by repeated GTS treatment but not in dentate granule cell layer. Repeated unpredictable stresses significantly decreased BDNF mRNA expression in all subregions of hippocampus, but repeated GTS treatment did not prevent stress-induced BDNF mRNA downregulation. Given that repeated GTS treatment increased proliferation of neural progenitor cells in repeated unpredictable stress-exposed rats in the presence of decreased BDNF mRNA expression in dentate granule cell layer, it raise the possibility that BDNF may not playa significant role in GTS-mediated increase of neurogenesis in adult rat hippocampus. Also, these results suggest that repeated GTS treatment increased neurogenesis of SGZ and BDNF mRNA expression, which may account for memory enhancing effect of Korean red ginseng. In addition, repeated GTS treatment appears not to have anti-stress effects in terms of neurotrophin, but GTS-mediated increase of neurogenesis in hippocampus may contribute to increase negative feedback inhibition of HPA axis.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.102-110
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of BLS training in nursing students and their retention period. Methods: The participants were 48 nursing students enrolled in M University in Mokpo. Data were collected from September, 2009 through September 2010. Nursing students were tested for their knowledge, attitude, confidence before, immediately after, 4 weeks after, 8 weeks after, 6 months after, and 1 year after BLS training. In addition, their knowledge and skill of cardiopulmonary resuscitation were tested 5 times. Data were analyzed using the SPSS/PC 12.0 statistical program Results: Knowledge, attitude and confidence were significantly increased immediately after compared to before BLS training. Knowledge and confidence 6 months after, and attitude, performance ability and technical precision for ventilation and compression 4 weeks after BLS training were significantly decreased compared to immediately after. Conclusion: Overall retention of BLS training effects among nursing students, without reinforcement, decreases significantly after six months following initial training. BLS training in nursing students should be repeated every six months, especially performance training of BLS should be repeated every 4 weeks. In addition, to maintain the knowledge and skills of BLS, appropriate renewal time of certification and improvement of training programs are necessary.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.87-95
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• 1992

Recently, the robot actuator worked by the driving recovery-force of the thermo elastic martensitic transformation of shape memory alloys(SMA) has been studied. In general, such a SMA actuator necessitates a number of cyclic repeated motion, so that the investigation of gradual decrease of recovery force with repeated motion cycle as well as the prevention of such a degradation of shape memory effect(SME) are very important for the actual use of a robot actuator. However, such research and discussions about the degradation of SME are very few up to the present. Therefore, in this study, the characteristics of the cyclic deformation and degradation of SME of Ti-Ni alloy would be investigated and discussed in detail by current heat type fatigue tester, which is a newly designed fatigue tester by author. In addition, we will establish a new design concept for robot actuator from these result.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.17 no.6
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• pp.624-628
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• 1989

A study on the citric acid production using Saccharomycopsis lipolytica (NRRL Y7576) was carried out in shake-flasks, air-lift and membrane recycle bioreactors. The cells entrapped in Ca-alginate beads were used in shake-flasks and air-lift reactor. Repeated batch fermentation in shake-flasks was successfully performed for 34 days and resulted in a yield of 54%. Increased yield (63%) was obtained in the air-lift reactor operation using nitrogen deficient medium (NDM). In the membrane recycle bioreactor operation, the maximal dry cell mass concentration was 39 g/1 at a dilution rate of 0.02 h$^{-1}$ and the yield with NDM was higher than that with growth medium. In addition, the yield and volumetric productivity with pure oxygen supply were greatly improved compared with those with air supply.