• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.183-191
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• 2019

Some patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) present with cognitive dysfunctions. The pathophysiology underlying this complication is not well understood. Type 1 DM has been associated with a decrease in the speed of information processing, psychomotor efficiency, attention, mental flexibility, and visual perception. Longitudinal epidemiological studies of type 1 DM have indicated that chronic hyperglycemia and microvascular disease, rather than repeated severe hypoglycemia, are associated with the pathogenesis of DM-related cognitive dysfunction. However, severe hypoglycemic episodes may contribute to cognitive dysfunction in high-risk patients with DM. Type 2 DM has been associated with memory deficits, decreased psychomotor speed, and reduced frontal lobe/executive function. In type 2 DM, chronic hyperglycemia, long duration of DM, presence of vascular risk factors (e.g., hypertension and obesity), and microvascular and macrovascular complications are associated with the increased risk of developing cognitive dysfunction. The pathophysiology of cognitive dysfunction in individuals with DM include the following: (1) role of hyperglycemia, (2) role of vascular disease, (3) role of hypoglycemia, and (4) role of insulin resistance and amyloid. Recently, some investigators have proposed that type 3 DM is correlated to sporadic Alzheimer's disease. The molecular and biochemical consequences of insulin and insulin-like growth factor resistance in the brain compromise neuronal survival, energy production, gene expression, plasticity, and white matter integrity. If patients claim that their performance is worsening or if they ask about the effects of DM on functioning, screening and assessment are recommended.

• Korean Journal of Applied Biomechanics
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.199-204
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• 2021

Objective: The purpose of this study was to present a new idea of methodology to evaluate Poomsae performance using inertial measurement unit (IMU) sensors in terms of signal processing techniques. Method: Ten collegian Taekwondo athletes, consisting of five Poomsae elite athletes (age: 21.4 ± 0.9 years, height: 168.4 ± 11.3 cm, weight: 65.0 ± 10.6 kg, experience: 12 ± 0.7 years) and five breaking demonstration athletes (age: 21.0 ± 0.0 years, height: 168.4 ± 4.7 cm, weight: 63.8 ± 8.2 kg, experience: 13.0 ± 2.1 years), voluntarily participated in this study. They performed three different black belt Poomsae such as Goryeo, Geumgang, and Taebaek Poomsae repeatedly twice. Repeated measured motion data on the wrist and ankle were calculated by the methods of cosine similarity and Euclidean distance. Results: The Poomsse athletes showed superior performance in terms of temporal consistency at Goryeo and Taebaek Poomsae, cosine similarity at Geumgang and Taebaek Poomsae, and Euclidian distance at Geumgang Poomsae. Conclusion: IMU sensor would be a useful tool for monitoring and evaluating within-subject temporal variability of Taekwondo Poomsae motions. As well it distinguished spatiotemporal characteristics among three different Poomsae.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.16-24
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• 2021

A laser-engineered net shaping (LENS) process is a representative directed energy deposition process. Deposition characteristics of the LENS process are greatly dependent on the process parameters. The present paper preliminarily investigates deposition characteristics of Inconel 718 superalloy on S45C structural steel using a LENS process. The influence of process parameters, including the laser power and powder feed rate, on the characteristics of the bead formation and the dilution in the vicinity of the deposited region is examined through repeated experiments. A processing map and feasible deposition conditions are estimated from viewpoints of the aspect ratio, defect formation, and the dilution rate of the deposited bead. Finally, an appropriate deposition condition considering side angle, deposition ratio, and buy-to-fly (BTF) is predicted.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.25 no.7
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• pp.964-972
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• 2022

The Uncanny Valley phenomenon has already been deemed as theoretical, and the characteristics of game character expression elements for the Uncanny Valley phenomenon were recognized through case analysis as well. By theoretical consideration and case studies, it was found out that the influential elements of the Uncanny Valley phenomenon can be classified as two primary factors: character surface treatment and facial expression animation. The prepared experimental materials and adjectives were measured to be Five-Point Likert Scale. The measured results were evaluated for both influence and comparative analysis through essential statistical analysis and Repeated Measuring ANOVA in SPSS. The conclusions which were drawn from this research are as follows: The surface treatment of characters did not substantially affect the Uncanny Valley phenomenon. Instead, character's expression animation had a significant impact on the Uncanny Valley phenomenon, which also led to another conclusion that the facial expression animation had an overall deeper impact on Uncanny Valley phenomenon compared with character's surface treatment. It was the unnatural facial expression animation that controlled all of the independent variables and also caused the Uncanny Valley phenomenon. In order for game characters to evade the Uncanny Valley phenomenon and enhance game immersion, the facial expression animation of the character must be done spontaneously.

• KIPS Transactions on Computer and Communication Systems
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.41-46
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• 2023

Iterative reconstruction of CT takes a long time because projection and back-projection are alternatively repeated until taking a good image. To reduce the reconstruction time, we need a fast algorithm for calculating the projection which is a time-consuming step. In this paper, we proposed a new algorithm to calculate the line integral and the algorithm is approximately 10% faster than the well-known Siddon method (Jacobs version) and has a good image quality. Although the algorithm has been investigated for the case of parallel beams, it can be extended to the case of fan and cone beam geometries in the future.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.54 no.6
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• pp.965-973
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• 2021

The behavior of angelfish Pterophyllum scalare exposed to low and high temperatures was monitored by video tracking, and information such as the initial speed, changes in speed, and locations of the fish in the tank were analyzed. The water temperature was raised from 26℃ to 36℃ or lowered from 26℃ to 16℃ for 4 h. The control group was maintained at 26℃ for 8 h. The experiment was repeated five times for each group. Machine learning analysis comprising a long short-term memory model was used to train and test the behavioral data (80 s) after pre-processing. Results showed that when the water temperature changed to 36℃ or 16℃, the average speed, changes in speed and fractal dimension value were significantly lower than those in the control group. Machine learning analysis revealed that the accuracy of 80-s video footage data was 87.4%. The machine learning used in this study could distinguish between the optimal temperature group and changing temperature groups with specificity and sensitivity percentages of 86.9% and 87.4%, respectively. Therefore, video tracking technology can be used to effectively analyze fish behavior. In addition, it can be used as an early warning system for fish health in aquariums and fish farms.

• International Journal of Highway Engineering
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• v.4 no.2 s.12
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• pp.33-42
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• 2002

The cracks in the pavements result from drying shrinkage, temperature change, repeated traffic loadings and so on. The reduction of soil support, spatting and many local failures are caused by water and incompressible foreign materials infiltrated into the cracks. In order to reduce this kind of problems the crack width must be controlled and managed by the accurate measurement. The current method is a visual survey using a microscope, which requires traffic blocking. The purpose of this study is to find the best condition to measure accurate crack width using automated pavement condition survey equipment running at the similar speed as other vehicles. In this study pavement surfaces are filmed on an enlarged scale by the camera with a zoom lens, and then the proper focal distance is determined according to the crack width through a pilot survey. The conditions for measurement of the accurate crack width using the image processing technique are suggested by comparing crack widths surveyed using a microscope in the field with those computed by various factors in the image processing program, STADI-2. In conclusion, the camera with a focal distance of 75m could detect crack range of 0.5mm$\sim$1.2mm In width with an accuracy of 80% for CRCP. The camera with a focal distance of 12.5mm could detect crack range of 1.8mm$\sim$3.3mm in width with an accuracy of 90% for asphalt pavement.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.129-140
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• 2010

Large portal sites such as Google, NAVER provide Various services based on the map. Thus, interest and demand of users who want to obtain the region-related information has been increased. And services that combine the regional information with the map are provided currently at the large portal sites. However, the existing services of large portal sites do not provide enough detailed information and are inconvenient because acquisition process of related information is repeated. Therefore, the system that enables users to obtain detailed information related on the specific region synthetically and easily is needed. In this paper, we propose a system model using map interface and knowledge-processing in order to build the system that is useful for acquiring regional information. The model consists of 3-Layers: 'Regional Information Web-Documents Layer', 'Unique Regional Information Layer', and "Map-Interface Layer'. The Integrated Region~Related Information Searching System based on the model is implemented through the following 4-steps: (1) extracting the keywords that represent specific region (2) collecting the related web pages (3) extracting a set of related keywords and computing an association between the keywords (4) implementing a user interface. We verified validity on the model we proposed. knowledge-processing algorithm using affinity matrix, and UI that help users conveniently search by applying the system to region of the Goyang City. This system integrates regional information existing merely individual 'information' and provides users the 'knowledge' that is newly produced and organized. Users can obtain various detailed regional information and easily get related information through this system.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartD
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• v.11D no.2
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• pp.293-304
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• 2004

Recently, caching for the database-backed web applications has received much attention. The results of frequent queries could be cached for repeated reuse or for efficient processing of the relevant queries. Since the emergence of XML as a standard for data exchange on the web, today's web applications are to retrieve information from the remote XML sources across the network, and thus it is desirable to maintain the XML query results in the cache for the web applications. In this paper, we describe implementation of an XML query processing system that supports cache-answerability of XML queries, and evaluate its performance. XML path expression, which is one of the core features of XML query languages including XQuery, XPath, and XQL was considered as the XML query. Their result is maintained as an XML materialized view in the XML cache. The algorithms to rewrite the given XML path expression using its relevant materialized view proposed in [13] were implemented with RDBMS as XML store. The major issues of implementation are described in detail. The results of performance experiments conducted with the implemented system showed effectiveness of cache-answerability of XML queries. Comparison with previous research in terms of performance is also Provided.

• Food Engineering Progress
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.22-28
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• 2017

Ginger was steamed at $121^{\circ}C$ and $1.5lb/in^2$ for 30 min, dried at $60^{\circ}C$ for 12 h, and each step was repeated nine times. During processing, the lightness ($L^*$ value) and yellowness ($b^*$ value) decreased from $85.65{\pm}0.33$ and $26.99{\pm}0.20$ in the non-treated ginger to $56.91{\pm}0.25$ and $16.69{\pm}0.06$ in ginger treated for the ninth treatment. On the other hand, redness ($a^*$ value) increased from $-1.51{\pm}0.03$ to $7.34{\pm}0.08$ on the eight treatment and then decreased to $7.21{\pm}0.04$ on the ninth theatment. The contents of 6-gingerol decreased from $3.257{\pm}0.067mg/g$ in the non-treated ginger to $0.567{\pm}0.036mg/g$ on the theatment, whereas the contents of 6-shogaol increased from $1.299{\pm}0.050mg/g$ to $2.999{\pm}0.089mg/g$ on the sixth treatment and decreased to $2.099{\pm}0.039$ on the ninth treatment. The contents of 10-gingerol decreased slightly from $1.106{\pm}0.125mg/g$ to $0.806{\pm}0.026mg/g$. Unlike the 6- and 10-gingerol, the contents of 8-gingerol did not change greatly, with values between $0.916{\pm}0.005mg/g$ and $1.106{\pm}0.005mg/g$ being observed during processing. The tyrosinase inhibitory activities were increased from $43.42{\pm}11.45%$ in the non-treated ginger to 100% on the sixth treatment and then decreased to $51.98{\pm}7.36%$ on the theatment. The antioxidative activity was retained during processing.