• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.315-320
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• 2005

With regard to the fact that temperature of human body remains almost constant at $37^{\circ}C$, changes by circadian variation, this study intended to investigate the effect of circadian rhythm on physiological responses of human body according to body fat rate. Fifteen healthy adult women were recruited for this study and were measured body fat as a method of bio impedance. We organized subjects into three groups ; low body fat group(group L-less than 20% of body fat), medium body fat group(group M-20%~30% of body fat) and high body fat group(group H-more than 30% of body fat). The experiment was carried out in a climate chamber of $32^{\circ}C$, 60% RH with the repeat of 'Exercise' and 'Rest' period. Subjects participated in two experiments, one is morning experiment(called 'AM'), the other is afternoon experiment (called 'PM'). The results of this study are as follows ; As to the variation of rectal temperature, group L and M had a significant difference in the time of the day between AM and PM, but group H had almost the same rectal temperature in the two kinds of experimental time. The reason why group H had a smaller difference in the circadian rhythm of rectal temperature in this study is estimated at the Budd et al.(1991)'s results that body fat had effects on reduction in thermogenesis, radiation, mean skin temperature, and increase in insulation of the tissues. Group M had the highest mean skin temperature in the 'PM'. All the 3 groups didn't have stable values in 'AM'. But it showed more stable in 'PM' than 'AM'. Sweat rate was the highest in group H in both 'AM' and 'PM'. Group M had larger sweat rate in 'PM' than 'AM'. but in group L and H, sweat rate was almost the same in two kinds of time of the day. This result suggests that who have more or less body fat have larger difference in sweat rate between morning and afternoon than who have normal body fat.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제21권12호
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• pp.11-18
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• 2016

Magnetic resonance image (MRI) is widely used in brain research field and medical image. Especially, non-invasive brain activation acquired image technique, which is functional magnetic resonance image (fMRI) is used in brain study. In this study, we investigate brain activation occurred by LED light stimulation. For investigate of brain activation in experimental small animal, we used high magnetic field 9.4T MRI. Experimental small animal is Balb/c mouse, method of fMRI is using echo planar image (EPI). EPI method spend more less time than any other MRI method. For this reason, however, EPI data has low contrast. Due to the low contrast, image pre-processing is very hard and inaccuracy. In this study, we planned the study protocol, which is called block design in fMRI research field. The block designed has 8 LED light stimulation session and 8 rest session. All block is consist of 6 EPI images and acquired 1 slice of EPI image is 16 second. During the light session, we occurred LED light stimulation for 1 minutes 36 seconds. During the rest session, we do not occurred light stimulation and remain the light off state for 1 minutes 36 seconds. This session repeat the all over the EPI scan time, so the total spend time of EPI scan has almost 26 minutes. After acquired EPI data, we performed the analysis of this image data. In this study, we analysis of EPI data using statistical parametric map (SPM) software and performed image pre-processing such as realignment, co-registration, normalization, smoothing of EPI data. The pre-processing of fMRI data have to segmented using this software. However this method has 3 different method which is Gaussian nonparametric, warped modulate, and tissue probability map. In this study we performed the this 3 different method and compared how they can change the result of fMRI analysis results. The result of this study show that LED light stimulation was activate superior colliculus region in mouse brain. And the most higher activated value of segmentation method was using tissue probability map. this study may help to improve brain activation study using EPI and SPM analysis.

• 자원환경지질
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.73-84
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• 2009

화순 운주사 석조불감(보물 제797호)은 고려시대 양식을 갖추고 있는 석조문화재로서 우리나라에서 유래를 찾아볼 수 없는 거대한 석조불감이다. 남쪽과 북쪽의 감실 내부에는 각각의 불상이 등을 맞대고 있는 쌍배 좌상의 독특한 양식을 보이고 있어 역사적, 미술사적 및 학술적으로 높은 평가를 받고 있다. 그러나 이 석조불감은 특별한 보호시설 없이 옥외에 노출되어 장기간 풍화를 받아 다양한 훼손양상이 복합적으로 나타나고 있다. 따라서 상대적인 훼손 및 환경적 요인을 분석하기 위해 석조불감 내부와 외부의 온도분포와 상대습도를 일년간 모니터링 하였다. 이 결과, 석조불감의 기온 및 상대습도 연중변화는 일정한 변동률의 폭으로 증감을 반복하며 기온은 계절에 따라 상승과 감소의 경향을 뚜렷이 보이는 반면, 상대습도는 사계절 모두 높은 습도를 유지하는 것으로 나타났다. 석조불감의 내부는 높은 상대습도로 인해 표면 결로현상이 나타나고 있으며 이는 봄, 여름 및 겨울철에 관찰된다 특히 여름철은 봄과 겨울철의 합보다도 2배정도 높게 나타나며, 기온이 높고 상대습도가 거의 100%에서 일정하게 유지되므로 결로현상이 오랫동안 암석 표면에 지속되어 구성광물을 용해시키고 표면을 변질시켜 화학적 풍화를 촉진시킬 것으로 판단된다. 따라서 이 석조불감의 보존을 위해 결로현상에 영향을 미치는 상대습도의 저감방안이 필요한 것으로 나타났다.

• 대중서사연구
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.165-191
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• 2019

본고의 목적은 SF영화 <스타트랙> 시리즈에 나타난 시간여행의 모티프가 서사적 측면과 비서사적 측면에서 하고 있는 기능에 대해 고찰함으로써 SF서사에서 이 모티프가 계속 반복되는 이유를 밝히는 데 있다. <스타트랙 IV: 시간 초월의 항해>(1986)는 실제로 사용되는 항법인 슬링샷으로 태양 주위를 돌파하여 그럴듯하게 시간여행을 하는 것과 당시에는 없던 투명 알루미늄의 제작 공식을 알려줘 역사에 변화를 가져오는 예정 역설을 불러오는 것을 통해 이야기에 대한 관객의 흥미를 끌고자 한다. 또한 이 영화는 혹등고래를 중심 서사에 포함시켜 고래 보호운동이라는 당대의 현실적 문제에 부응함으로써 생태주의라는 이데올로기를 환기시키는 기능을 한다. <스타트랙 VIII: 퍼스트 콘택트>(1996)는 빛보다 빠른 속도로의 비행을 가능하게 해주는 가상의 장치로 스타트랙을 대표하는 기술인 워프 드라이브를 시간여행을 통해 그 탄생 시점에서 다룸으로써 서사에 흥미를 더하고자 한다. 그리고 영화는 핵전쟁이 가져올 수 있는 인류의 멸망을 경고하여 평화적 노력을 계속할 것을 역설하고, 외계와의 조우로 행성연방의 창설을 예고하여 현실 세계에서의 국가 간 협력의 중요성을 강조함으로써 평화주의와 이상주의의 시각을 드러낸다. <스타트랙: 더 비기닝>(2009)은 블랙홀에 의한 과거로의 시간 여행과 그로 인해 생성된 평행우주라는 시간여행 서사 요소를 통해 흥미를 높이는데, 특히 후자는 그동안 전개된 이야기를 그대로 유지하면서 자유롭게 새로운 시간선의 이야기를 창조하도록 해주는 리부트 기능을 한다. 더불어 이 영화는 스팍(과 연방함대)과 네로의 대립, 벌컨 행성과 로물루스 행성의 파괴, 인간과 벌컨족의 협력을 통해 1996년 영화에서 보여주었던 평화주의와 이상주의를 반복한다. 결국 세 편의 <스타트랙> 영화에서 시간여행은 서사적 측면에서 이야기에 대한 관객의 흥미를 최대한으로 끌어올리고 서사를 자유롭게 전개하게 해주는 기능을 함과 동시에 비서사적 측면에서 현재의 문제에 대해 논평하고 이상적인 해결 방안을 제시하는 기능을 한다고 할 수 있다. 본고의 의의는 위와 같은 시간여행의 기능으로 볼 때 SF서사에서 시간여행의 모티프가 앞으로도 계속해서 반복되면서 진화할 것이라는 예상을 가능하게 한 데 있다.

• 한국환경복원기술학회지
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.115-124
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• 2019

In a climate change environment where heat damage and drought occur during a rainy season such as in 2018, a vegetation-based LID system that enables disaster prevention as well as environment improvement is suggested in lieu of an installation-type LID system that is limited to the prevention of floods. However, the quantification of its performance as against construction cost is limited. This study aims to present an experiment environment and evaluation method on quantitative performance, which is required in order to disseminate the vegetation-based LID system. To this end, a 3^rd quartile huff time distribution mass curve was generated for 20-year frequency, 60-minute probable rainfall of 68mm/hr in Cheonan, and effluent was analyzed by recreating artificial rainfall. In order to assess the reliability of the rainfall event simulator, 10 repeat tests were conducted at one-minute intervals for 20 minutes with minimum rainfall intensity of 22.29mm/hr and the maximum rainfall intensity of 140.69mm/hr from the calculated probable rainfall. Effective rainfall as against influent flow was 21.83mm/hr (sd=0.17~1.36, n=20) on average at the minimum rainfall intensity and 142.27mm/hr (sd=1.02~3.25, n=20) on average at the maximum rainfall intensity. In artificial rainfall recreation experiments repeated for three times, the most frequent quartile was found to be the third quartile, which is around 40 minutes after beginning the experiment. The peak flow was observed 70 minutes after beginning the experiment in the experiment zone and after 50 minutes in the control zone. While the control zone recorded the maximum runoff intensity of 2.26mm/min(sd=0.25) 50 minutes after beginning the experiment, the experiment zone recorded the maximum runoff intensity of 0.77mm/min (sd=0.15) 70 minutes after beginning the experiment, which is 20 minutes later than the control zone. Also, the maximum runoff intensity of the experiment zone was 79.6% lower than that of the control zone, which confirmed that vegetation unit-type LID system had rainfall runoff reduction and delay effects. Based on the above findings, the reliability of a lab-level rainfall simulator for monitoring the vegetation-based LID system was reviewed, and maximum runoff intensity reduction and runoff time delay were confirmed. As a result, the study presented a performance evaluation method that can be applied to the pre-design of the vegetation-based LID system for rainfall events on a location before construction.

• 한국안광학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.107-115
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• 2013

목적: 본 연구에서는 눈 화장품인 아이라이너에 노출시킨 소프트 콘택트렌즈의 파라미터가 어떻게 변하는가를 알아보고, 세척방법을 달리하여 세척하였을 때의 세척효과와 렌즈 파라미터의 회복정도를 비교하고자 하였다. 방법: 서로 다른 재질로 제조된 3종류의 소프트 콘택트렌즈에 각각 1시간, 4시간 및 6시간 동안 아이라이너를 침착시킨 후 안경용 초음파 세척 및 손 세척을 시행하였으며, 세척 전후 렌즈의 가시광선 투과도, 직경 및 표면의 변화를 비교하였다. 결과: 소프트 콘택트렌즈의 가시광선 투과도는 아이라이너의 침착시간이 길어질수록 감소하였다. 렌즈의 표면을 관찰한 결과 아이라이너의 침착 양상은 렌즈재질의 물성에 따라 다르게 나타나 narafilcon A 재질 렌즈에서 가장 침착이 큼을 알 수 있었다. 렌즈 직경은 hilafilcon B 및 etafilcon A 재질 렌즈는 감소하였으나, narafilcon A재질 렌즈는 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 아이라이너의 침착은 안경용 초음파 세척기를 이용한 세척보다는 다목적 용액을 이용한 손 세척 시 세척효율이 우수한 것으로 나타났으나 렌즈의 직경이나 가시광선 투과도, 렌즈표면 등 렌즈 파라미터가 원래 상태로 회복되는 데에는 한계가 있었다. 결론: 이상의 결과로 소프트렌즈를 착용한 상태에서 눈 화장 하는 것을 최소화하는 것이 옳으며, 반복적으로 눈 화장을 할 때에는 렌즈 파라미터의 변화를 고려한 착용시간의 단축이나 빠른 렌즈의 교체주기가 필요하다고 사료된다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권11호
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• pp.6363-6367
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• 2013

Atractylis lancea (Thunb.) DC. (AL), an important medicinal herb in Asia, has been shown to have anti-tumor effects on cancer cells, but the involved mechanisms are poorly understood. This study focused on potential effects and molecular mechanisms of AL on the proliferation of the Hep-G2 liver cancer cell line in vitro. Cell viability was assessed by MTT test in Hep-G2 cells incubated with an ethanol extract of AL. Then, the effects of AL on apoptosis and cell cycle progression were determined by flow cytometry. Telomeric repeat amplification protocol (TRAP) assays was performed to investigate telomerase activity. The mRNA and protein expression of human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) and c-myc were determined by real-time RT-PCR and Western blotting. Our results show that AL effectively inhibits proliferation in Hep-G2 cells in a concentrationand time-dependent manner. When Hep-G2 cells were treated with AL after 48h,the $IC_{50}$ was about 72.1 ${\mu}g/mL$. Apoptosis was induced by AL via arresting the cells in the G1 phase. Furthermore, AL effectively reduced telomerase activity through inhibition of mRNA and protein expression of hTERT and c-myc. Hence, these data demonstrate that AL exerts anti-proliferative effects in Hep-G2 cells via down-regulation of the c-myc/hTERT/telomerase pathway.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제16권10호
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• pp.6925-6931
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• 2015

LED(Light Emitting Diode)는 저 전력, 긴 수명, 고 휘도, 빠른 응답, 친환경적 특성으로 인해 조명, 디스플레이 등 여러 분야에 사용되고 있다. 백색광 발광다이오드 구현 방식에는 대표적으로 청색 LED 칩과 황색 형광체를 조합하여 백색광을 방출하는 유형이 사용 편리성, 경제성, 효율성 측면에서 LED 백라이트 유닛 및 LED 조명 제조에 가장 적합한 것으로 연구되어 실제 적용되고 있다. 백색광 구현 LED 칩 패키징 공정에서 청색 LED 칩에 황색 형광체에 실리콘을 혼합한 형광봉 지재를 토출하는 공정은 중요한 공정이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 조명용 백색 LED 제조 공정에서 실리콘 봉지재를 토출하기 위하여 정전기력 방식과 보이스코일 모터를 이용하여 EHD 펌프 시스템을 개발하였다. 이를 위하여 인가전압 및 시간에 따른 유체곡면 형상을 확인하기 위하여 기초 토출 실험을 통해 최적의 토출 조건이 결정하였고 또한 검증을 위하여 실험계획법을 사용하였다. 검증된 토출 조건의 균일도를 확인하기 위하여 반복 토출 실험을 수행하였다.

• 대한디지털의료영상학회논문지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.115-119
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• 2009

I think this will be valuable reference for assuring consistency and homogeneity of clarity and managing dental radiation equipment by experimentation of dental radiation equipment permanent which based on KS C IEC 61223-3-4 standard and KS C IEC 61223-2-7. Put a dental radiation generator and experiment equipment as source and film(sensor) length within 30 em, place the step-wedge above the film(sensor). Tie up tube voltage 60 kVp, tube current 7 mA and then get an each image through CCD sensor and film by changing the exposure time as 0.12sec, 0.25sec, 0.4sec. Repeat the test 5times as a same method. Measure the concentration of each stage of film image, which gained by experiment, using photometer. And the image that gained by CCD sensor, analyze the pixel value's change by using image J, which is analyzing image program provided by NIH(National Institutes of Health). In case of film, while 0.12sec and 0.25sec show regular rising pattern of density gap as exposure time's increase, 0.4sec shows low rather than 0.12sec and 0.25sec. In case of CCD sensor density test, the result shows opposite pattern of film. This makes me think that pixels of CCD's sensor can have 0~255 value but it becomes saturation if the value is over 255. The way that getting clear reception during decreasing human's exposed radiation is one of maintaining an equipment as a best condition. So we should keeping a dental radiation equipment's condition steadily through cyclic permanent test after factor examination. Even digital equipment doesn't maintain a permanent, it can maintain a clarity by post processing of image so that hard to set it as standard of permanent test. Therefore it would be more increase the accuracy that compare a film as standard image. Thus I consider it will be an important measurement to care for dental radiation equipment and warrant homogeneity, consistency of dental image's clarity through comparing pattern which is the result from factor test against cyclic permanent test.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.324-333
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• 2016

Objectives: We aimed to compare the sampling performance of different flow-based impactor samplers for collecting fungal spores and bacteria and to explore the association of the level of bioaerosols with activity patterns of occupants in daycare center settings. Methods: For comparison of sampling performance, two different flow-based samplers (greater than 100 L/min or not) were selected; a low flow-based sampler (one-stage Andersen sampler) and two high flow-based samplers (DUO SAS SUPER 360 sampler, BUCK bio-culture sampler). We collected airborne mold and bacteria in 30 daycare centers with various levels of contaminated air. Three repeat samplings per each sampler were performed. Mold and bacteria were grown for 96 hours at $25{\pm}1^{\circ}C$ and 48 hours at $35{\pm}1^{\circ}C$, respectively. The Andersen and SAS samplers were used for investigating the association between the level of bioaerosols and the activity patterns of occupants in daycares. Particular matters 10($PM_{10}$), temperature, and relative humidity were monitored as well. Samplings were carried out with one-hour interval from 9 to 5 O'clock. For statistical comparisons, Kruskal-Wallis test, Wilcoxon's signed rank test, and multiple regression analysis were carried out. Results: The airborne level of molds by the low flow-based sampler were significantly higher than that of high flow-based samplers (indoor, P=0.037; outdoor, P=0.041). However, no statistical difference was observed in the airborne level of bacteria by each sampler. Also the level of bioaerosols varied by the time, particularly with different activity patterns in daycare centers. The higher level of mold and bacteria were observed in play time in indoor. Similarly, the concentrations of $PM_{10}$ were significantly associated with the level of bioaerosols (P<0.05). Conclusions: Our findings indicate that the flow rate of sampler, rather than total air volume, could be able to affect the results of sampling. Also, the level of airborne mold and bacteria vary behavior patterns of occupants in indoor of daycare settings. Therefore, different samplers with other flow rate may be selected for mold or bacteria sampling, and activity patterns should be considered for bioaerosol sampling as well.