• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.55-87
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• 2011

This paper is to illustrate a variety of court-annexed ADR programs and vindicate its implications of court-annexed ADR in United States. It has been almost three decades since Frank Sender articulated his vision of the multi-door courthouse. The court-annexed ADR originated from the concept of multi-door court house. Professor Sander argued that the court must transform from the court that provides litigation, only one type of dispute resolution, to the multi-door courthouse which provides a variety of dispute resolution methods including a number of ADR programs. The types of court-annexed ADR on which this paper focus are court-annexed mediation, court-annexed arbitration, mini trial, early neutral evaluation(ENE), summary jury trial, rent-a-judge, and med-arb in United States. The findings of this paper is as follows. First, the ADR movement is the irreversible and dominant phenomenon in the US court. The motivation of incorporating ADR into court is to reduce the cost of court to handle the civil disputes and to eliminate the delay of litigation process in the court. At the same time, a couple of studies of ADR revealed that the ADR program satisfied users of ADR. Second, the landscape of ADR has not been fixed. In 1970's, the court-annexed arbitration has been popular. In 1980's, the diverse kinds of ADR programs were introduced into the federal court as well as state courts, such as mini trial, early neutral evaluation(ENE), summary jury trial, and court-annexed mediation. But in 2000s, the court-annexed mediation has been the dominant type of ADR in United States. Third, the each type of ADR program has its own place for the dispute resolution. Since Korean society enters into the stage in which diverse kind of disputes occur in the areas of environment, construction, medicare, etc, it is desirable to take into consideration of the introduction of ADR to dispute resolution in Korea.

• 한국전자파학회논문지
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• 제24권8호
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• pp.753-762
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• 2013

본 논문에서는 방송통신기자재 전자파 시험 시장이 포화 상태에 달하면 포획 현상, 지대 추구 현상 및 시험가 격 경쟁현상 등이 나타날 것이고, 이는 궁극적으로 우리 사회에 부정적으로 영향을 미칠 것으로 추정되었다. 따라서 전자파 시험 시장의 포화 정도를 파악한 결과, 전자파 시험 시장의 장비 가동률이 78 %로서 포화 상태에 접근하고 있는 중으로 나타났다. 아울러, 무선, 유선 및 SAR 분야도 장비 가동률이 각각 65 %, 3 %, 10 %에 불과하여 이미 포화 상태에 도달하였다. 따라서 시험의 엄격성을 유지하기 위해서 신규 시험기관의 지정은 억제될 필요가 있으나, 행정청의 법률 운영 상황에 비취어 보면 지정 신청을 기각하기는 곤란할 것으로 사료되어 사전적 준비가 필요하다.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.156-177
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• 1999

The current method of rate adjustment for inflation is based on the evaluation of the financial performance of hospitals. The method has the disadvantage such as too complicated, expensive process as well as low reliability. This study, therefore, develops the 'Korean Medical Insurance Economic Index(MIEI)' as a new model for the rate adjustment with the use of the macro economic indices. In addition, we calculate the 1992∼1998 rate adjustment with the MIEI, and examines the validity of the MIEI by comparing with the conventional method. Medical costs are classified into nine categories : physician salaries, nurse·pharmacist·medical technician salaries, assistants & others salaries, material cost(by imports), material cost(by domestics), depreciation & rent paid(by imports), depreciation & rent paid(by domestics), power utilities, other administrative costs. Then the category weight which is the ratio of category in the total cost is calculated. Macro economic indices are selected for each cost category in order to reflect the concept of the each cost category and inflation during the year of 1992∼1998. Finally MIEI which integrate all category according to the category weight and selected macro indices is calculated. The mean of hospital MIEI which weighting by amount paid by insurers was cacluated. The result from the application of empirical data to the MIEI model is very similar to that of the current method. Furthermore, this method is very simple and also easy to get social consensus. This MIEI model can be replaced the current method based on the analysis of the financial performance for the adjustment of medical fees.

• 한국콘텐츠학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘텐츠학회 2007년도 추계 종합학술대회 논문집
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• pp.853-856
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• 2007

인터넷의 발전으로 인해 사용자들의 편리한 웹 페이지 사용에 대한 요구가 증가하게 되었다. 이에 최근 Web 2.0의 개념이 대두었다. Web 2.0의 기본 방향은 편리한 UI(User Interface)의 구현과 기존의 웹보다 동적인 웹의 구현이다. Web 2.0을 구현하고자 쓰이는 다양한 기술들을 RIA(Rich Internet Application)라고 한다. 현재 RIA를 지향하는 다양한 기술을 이용하여 정적인 웹 페이지들의 동적인 구현이 가능하게 되었다. 본 논문에서는 화려한 애니메이션 효과와 보다 편리한 개발환경으로 최근 각광받고 있는 Flex를 이용하여 기존의 일반 HTML로 구성되어 있는 렌트카 예약서비스 페이지를 재구성하여 비교하였다. 이를 통하여 실시간으로 보다 빠른 정보 갱신과 페이지간의 리로드가 없어 보다 효율적으로 동적인 페이지 구성이 가능하였다.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.351-354
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• 2009

Diaphragmatic hernias, whether congenital or acquired (traumatic), are rarely observed in the horse. Acquired diaphragmatic hernias typically occur secondary to trauma or an increase in intraabdominal pressure due to falling, heavy exercise, or parturition. Diaphragmatic herniorrhaphy is difficult to perform in adult horses and the horses with symptomatic diaphragmatic hernias usually die. A 10- year old, 340 kg, Jeju horse (crossbred) broodmare with sudden onset of gait disorder and a moderate emaciation was examined. Findings on physical examination included conjunctivitis, dehydration, shallow breathing, dyspnea, weaken heart beat, lack of auscultatable sounds from the gastrointestinal tract, and anorexia. Rectal temperature was $38.4^{\circ}C$ and respiratory rates were moderately increased. There were slight signs of acute colic. The broodmare died one day after non-specific treatment of fluids, nutriment, antibiotics and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug. The cause of death was strangulation of the small intestine through a diaphragmatic hernia. The rent was about 2 cm in diameter and located in the central right part of diaphragm. Around 60 cm of small intestine was protruded into thoracic cavity through the rent. The cause of the hernia could not be ascertained. The broodmare had been pastured with many other horses, and the groom had not noticed any aggressive behavior among them. It was, however, speculated that trauma by stallion's attack may have been the cause of the diaphragmatic hernia, because the new horse may be the object of behaviors ranging from mild threats to seriously aggressive kicking, squealing, rearing, and biting.

• 지적과 국토정보
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.245-253
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• 2018

이 연구의 목적은 다중 회귀 분석을 사용하여 스타벅스 커피숍의 위치에 영향을 미치는 요인을 탐색하는 것이다. 이 연구는 위치 이론에 기반을 두고 있으며 이 분석을 위한 자료는 522개 서울시 상가 부동산 임대사례에서 수집하였다. 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 스타벅스 커피숍의 위치에 영향을 미치는 가장 중요한 요인은 월세, 보증금, 그리고 상가권리금이다. 둘째, 기업과 직원의 수, 지역경제 기반, 위치 특성, 상가보증금, 상가월세, 상가권리금이 서울의 스타벅스 커피숍의 입지에 영향을 준다. 셋째, 커피숍 입지 선정 과정에서 보증금, 월세, 상가권리금, 사업체의 수가 중요한 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국농촌건축학회논문집
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.11-18
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to analyze the characteristics for the needs of rural residents and return farmer on rural rental housing. Through these rural rental housing as it wants to improve the living environment of rural areas. Housing problems of rural areas is one of the important factors that determine the quality of life in rural areas. Despite many rural development program it has been deteriorating housing conditions in rural areas. The purpose of this study aims to find the required characteristics of the rural residents and return farmer for rental housing system introduced in rural areas. As research methods, the survey it was required to rent the properties rural residents and expectant return farmer. The main analysis results are summarized as follows. First, expectant return farmer than rural residents are more flavors of rental Residential high. Second, rural residents prefer ratio was higher this apartment, expectant return farmer appeared to prefer the house. Finally, rural residents may prefer concrete homes, expectant return farmer appeared to favor the wooden houses. The results of this study can be a basis for effective strategies for future rural rental housing. More sustainable in the future, including the analysis of various parameters in progress by being linked to policy measures that will be provided. This study aims to be the foundation of sustainability in rural rental housing policy.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.384-395
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• 1987

This paper aims to identify the class characteristics of tenants. To this end Patnaik's model is selected, because this model is most reasonable for sorting class structures of tenants. In his Model, "labor-exploitation criterion" is the main criterion for identifying class status. According to this criterion, there are five rural classes i.e. landlord, rich peasant, middle peasant, poor peasant, and full-time laborer. "Net labor ratio" is used for this purpose as empirical data handling. Net labor ratio is a ratio of net labor hired in to family labor, if hired in labor is more then this ratio is positive, and if hired out labor is more then the ratio is negative. Hired in and hired out labor includes not only direct labor but indirect labor such as labor employment or sales through rent. The results of this study are summarized as First, almost all tenants and owner cultivators are of the middle peasant class. Second, there are no rich peasant among the tenants, but 5% of owner cultivators are rich peasants, and 10% of tenants are poor peasants, owner cultivators are 1%. Third, the net: labor ratio of tenants is -0.211, and that of owners is 0.143. There are differences between tenants and owner cultivators even if land is much the same, and owner cultivators net labor ratio is positive except in the land size of 0.3-0.5ha, but that of the tenants' is negative. Fourth, proto-labor poor peasants earned 25% of income from labor, compared with under 10% of proto-tenant poor passant's. Rent to income ratio is almost 60% of proto-tenant, 27% of proto-labor among poor peasants.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.109-117
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• 2017

It becomes increasingly important to develop sustainable housing to protect environment. The certification system for long-life housing was made to use houses for more than one hundred years in 2014. The long-life housing should be able to meet new demands by change of the population structure; low birthrate, aging and increase of single households. Therefore, it is necessary to suggest a prototype of long-life housing for partial rent. The objective of this study is to suggest a prototype for dividing housing in the long-life validation complex, which has design consideration for dividable house. The construction costs of a prototype for dividing housing is evaluated by comparing with other prototype without regard to dividing housing. The results were as follows: (1) The prototype for diving housing should be added an entrance, bathroom, kitchen for tenant, and above all, maintenance fees for tenant have to be managed seperately from house owner. (2) The equipment system for dividing housing should be designed when planning the space of house. However, design for diving housing should be reflected the unit plan at a minimum on what will and will not happen.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제10권7호
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• pp.2952-2971
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• 2016

Outsourcing jobs to a public cloud is a cost-effective way to address the problem of satisfying the peak resource demand when the local cloud has insufficient resources. In this paper, we studied the management of deadline-constrained bag-of-tasks jobs on hybrid clouds. We presented a binary nonlinear programming (BNP) problem to model the hybrid cloud management which minimizes rent cost from the public cloud while completes the jobs within their respective deadlines. To solve this BNP problem in polynomial time, we proposed a heuristic algorithm. The main idea is assigning the task closest to its deadline to current core until the core cannot finish any task within its deadline. When there is no available core, the algorithm adds an available physical machine (PM) with most capacity or rents a new virtual machine (VM) with highest cost-performance ratio. As there may be a workload imbalance between/among cores on a PM/VM after task assigning, we propose a task reassigning algorithm to balance them. Extensive experimental results show that our heuristic algorithm saves 16.2%-76% rent cost and improves 47.3%-182.8% resource utilizations satisfying deadline constraints, compared with first fit decreasing algorithm, and that our task reassigning algorithm improves the makespan of tasks up to 47.6%.