• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한약학회 2003년도 Proceedings of the Convention of the Pharmaceutical Society of Korea Vol.1
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• pp.269.1-269.1
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• 2003

Polygonum cuspidatum has been used as treatments of dermatitis, inflammation, hyperlipidemia and diuretics in folk remedies. In order to evaluate the urinary effect of Polygoni cuspidati Radix, its MeOH extract was administerd in rats. We determined the total urin volume, chemical parameters(urea nitrogen, creatinine, uric acid), electrolytes(natrium, potassium, chloride) ) in serum and urin. Polygoni cuspidati Radix showed increase in urin volume and electrolytes.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.67-78
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• 1989

Since the atrial receptor was suggested to be involved in the control of extracellular fluid volume, it has been shown that the granularity of atrial cardiocytes can be changed by water and salt depletion, and that an extract of atrial tissue, when injected intravenously into anesthetized rats, causes a large and rapid increase in renal excretions of sodium and water. The immunoreactive atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) has been found in the plasma of patients suffering from various cardiovascular diseases. A high level of ANP in the plasma has been reported in essential hypertension. Several studies on the effects of ANP on renal function and arterial blood pressure have presented contradictory results showing attenuated or accentuated responses. Thus, involvement of the ANP in the development of hypertension remains unresolved. Present study was undertaken to investigate whether the ANP is involved in the development of hypertension in two-kidney one-clip Goldblatt hypertensive rats. The plasma concentration of immunoreactive ANP appeared to be significantly elevated in hypertensive rats as compared with normotensive Goldblatt operated and sham-operated rats. Plasma renin concentration was higher in hypertensive rats than in normotensive rats, as observed in earlier experiments. Intravenous infusions of ANP resulted in increases of urine flow and urinary excretions of sodium and potassium in both hypertensive and normotensive rats. The renal response to ANP was markedly accentuated in Goldblatt hypertensive rats. The plasma concentration of ANP showed a linear relationship with the arterial blood pressure. Infusions of ANP reduced blood pressure both in hypertensive and normotensive rats. These results suggest that in Goldblatt hypertensive rats an elevation of ANP level in the plasma may not be a cause, but instead a consequence of hypertension, and that the renal responsiveness to the ANP is accentuated by some unknown mechanisms.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.61-77
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• 2009

Objective : This study aimed to evaluate the effects of Dianthi Semen Herba herbal-acupuncture (DS-HA) at KI10 (Umgok) on nephritis induced by LPS in rat. Methods : Rats were injected with LPS and treated with DS-HA at KI10 3 times for a week(DS-HA), N.P. group was treated 26 gauge needle at KI10, saline group was treated with normal saline at KI10. To estimate the effects of DS-HA at KI10 on nephritis in rats, WBC, neutrophils in blood, BUN, creatinine TNF-${\alpha}$, CINC-1 in serum, urinal volume and creatinean and total protein in urine, reanl TNF-${\alpha}$, renal MPO were measured and histological analysis of renal tissue was performed. Results : DS-HA at KI10 significantly decreased WBC and neutrophil in blood and BUN and creatinin in serum, MPO in kidney, and significantly increased urinary volume in LPS-stimulated rats. DS-HA at KI10 reduced accumulation of neutrophil in renal tissue of LPS-stimulated rats. Conclusions : Taken together, DS-HA at KI10 has a protective or therapeutic effect for nephritis in LPS-stimulated rat. Therefore, it is suggested that DS-HA at KI10 may be an useful therapeutics in clinical field after further researches.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제54권3호
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• pp.164-174
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• 2013

Objective : The aim of this study was to determine 30-day mortality and 6-month functional recovery rates in spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (S-ICH) patients undergoing hemodialysis treatment for end-stage renal disease (ESRD), and to compare the outcomes of these patients and S-ICH patients without ESRD. Methods : The medical records of 1943 S-ICH patients from January 2000 to December 2011 were retrospectively analyzed with focus on demographic, radiological, and laboratory characteristics. Results : A total of 1558 supratentorial S-ICH patients were included in the present study and 102 (6.5%) were ESRD patients. The 30-day mortality of the S-ICH patients with ESRD was 53.9%, and 29.4% achieved good functional recovery at 6 months post-S-ICH. Multivariate analysis showed that age, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score, pupillary abnormality, ventricular extension of hemorrhage, hemorrhagic volume, hematoma enlargement, anemia, and treatment modality were independently associated with 30-day mortality in S-ICH patients with ESRD (p<0.05), and that GCS score, volume of hemorrhage, conservative treatment, and shorter hemodialysis duration was independently associated with good functional recovery at 6 months post-S-ICH in patients with ESRD (p<0.05). Conclusion : This retrospective study showed worse outcome after S-ICH in patients with ESRD than those without ESRD; 30-day mortality was four times higher and the functional recovery rate was significantly lower in S-ICH patients with ESRD than in S-ICH patients without ESRD.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.115-121
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• 1990

Pentobarbital 마취한 정상혈압 및 신성 고혈압 흰쥐에서 calcium channel 봉쇄 약물 nifedipine과 atrial natriuretic peptide(ANP)의 상호작용을 조사하였다. 정상혈압 흰쥐에서 nifedipine$(1.0\;{\mu}g/kg/min)$ 또는 ANP(60 ng/kg/min)의 주입은 각각 유의하게 혈압을 내렸으며 두 약물의 동시 주입시에 개별적으로 주입하였을 때보다 그 혈압내림의 정도가 더욱 컸다. Nifedipine은 단독 주입하였을 때에 신기능에 유의한 영향을 미치지 않았으나 ANP와 동시에 주입하였을 때에는 ANP의 요량 및 Na 배설 증가 효과를 항진시켰다. 한편 고혈압 흰쥐에서도 ANP의 혈압내림효과와 신장효과는 nifedipine과 함께 주입하였을 때에 더 컸다. 적출 흉부대동맥 표본을 phenylephrine으로 미리 수축시킨 후 ANP를 첨가하면 용량의존 이완반응을 보였고 nifedipine 존재하에서 더 예민하였다. 이상의 실험결과는 calcium channel 봉쇄약물이 ANP의 혈압내림효과를 항진시킴을 보인 것이며 그 기전으로 요중 배설 증가 및 혈관이완효과 증가 등이 관여함을 시사하였다.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.165-175
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• 1982

Changes in handling of $Li^+$ by contralateral kidney during acute $Li^+$ loading were investigated immediately after unilateral ureteral obstruction. Carotid artery, jugular vein, renal vein and ureter of experimental animal were catheterized and renal venous flow was shunted to .external jugular vein. In experimental group right ureter was ligated. One to two hours after operation a single shot of LiCl solution (2 mEq/kg) was intravenously injected and then .arterial, renal venous blood and urine samples were taken sequentially for 1 to $1{\frac{1}{2}}$ hours. Urine volume, plasma and urinary concentrations of $Li^+$, $Na^+$ and $K^+$ were measured and urinary excretion of them were calculated. Results obtained were as follows: 1) In experimental group urine volume, urinary excretion of $Na^+$, and $K^+$ by contralateral kidney after unilateral ureteral obstruction were slightly larger than mean value of both kidney in control group. 2) During acute $Li^+$ loading contralateral kidney in experimental group showed limited $K^+$ excretion, but urinary flow and $Na^+$ excretion were comparable to mean value of both kidney in control group. 3) Urinary osmolar concentration in experimental group was much lower than that in control group, and it was maintained at low level even after Li loading. 4) In experimental group plasma$Li^+$ concentration decreased more slowly than in control group after a single shot of LiCl solution. 5) Urinary excretion of $Li^+$ in experimental group was markedly decreased, even lesseer than mean of both kidney in control group. 6) From the above results it was concluded that immediately after unilateral ureteral obstruction contralateral kidney showed normal water and $Na^+$ diuretic response to Li load but urinay $Li^+$ excretion was decreased and reclaimed $Li^+$ to systemic circulation.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.423-427
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• 2003

The present study was aimed to investigate whether ethanol-extract of Allium wageki has an ameliorative effect on the renal function in high fructose-diet induced hypertensive rats .. The urine osmolality (Uosmol) was decreased in rats with high fructose-diet (60%) during the whole experiment period without change of the urine volume (UV). The urinary excretion of sodium (UNaV) and chloride (UCIV) were decrease significantly in rats with fructose-induced hypertensive rats, whereas urinary excretion of potassium (UKV) was Increased. The creatinine clearance (Ccr) and solute-free water reabsorption were also decreased by treatment of fructose-rich diet. Among these renal functional parameters, Ccr was partially restored by the administration of ethanol-extract of Allium wageki. The Uosmol was also partially restored by the administration ethanol-extract of Allium wageki at the end of the experimental period. Taken together, ethanol-extract of Allium wageki has the ameliorative effect on glomerular filtration rate in rats with high fructose-diet induced hypertension.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.165-170
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• 2005

연근의 에탄올 추출물이 과당 유도 고혈압 백서의 신장 기능에 미치는 영향을 관찰하고자 뇨량과 전해질 배설량, 혈장의 creatinine, creatinine 청소율, 자유-수분 재흡수량 등을 측정하였다. 그 결과 연근은 과당 유도 고혈압 백서에서 나타나는 전해질 배설량의 변화를 개선시키는 효과는 없는 것으로 나타났고 단지 삼투질 농도의 배설량에만 약간의 개선 효과를 보였다. 신장의 가장 중요한 기능중 하나는 여과 기능이고 이를 나타내는 지표는 사구체 여과율인데, 고혈압 백서에서 혈장내 creatinine 농도가 증가하였고, creatinie 청소율이 크게 억제되었으나 연근추출물 투여 후 사구체 여과율의 감소가 회복되었다. 그러므로 연근은 과당으로 유도된 고혈압 흰쥐의 사구체 여과율을 개선시키는 것으로 사료된다.

• 한방안이비인후피부과학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.53-66
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• 1999

This study has been carried out to investigate the effects of Dojuksan on the renal functions and internal secretion system, as water balance, urine volume, urinary excretion of sodium and potassium, free water clearance, urinary excretion of creatinine, plasma levels of artrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), plasma levels of aldosterone and plasma renin activity, comparing experimental group which Dojuksan water extract were administrated with control group. Sprague-Dawley rats, about 200-250 g, were used for this experiment. The results of this study were as follows: 1. Water balance decreased significantly after the administration of Dojuksan water extract. 2. Urine volume increased significantly after the administration of $100{\mu}l$ Dojuksan water extract per 100g rat. 3. Urinary excretion of sodium increased significantly but urinary excretion of potassium did not change after the administration of Dojuksan water extract. 4. Free water clearance decreased significantly after the administration of Dojuksan water extract 5. Urinary excretion of creatinine increased significantly after the administration of Dojuksan water extract 6. Plasma renin activity did not change after the administration of Dojuksan water extract 7. Plasma levels of artrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) did not change after the administration of Dojuksan water extract 8. Plasma levels of aldosterone decreased significantly after the administration of 200 ${\mu}Dojuksan water extract per l00g rat The results suggest that Dojuksan increase the urinary excretion of sodium. and thus reduce the water balance, which resulted from suppression of sodium reabsorption into renal tubule by increasing glomerular filtration rate and decreasing aldosterone.

• 비만대사연구학술지
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.78-82
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• 2022

Liraglutide (Saxenda^R) is prescribed to induce and sustain weight loss in obese patients. The starting dose of liraglutide is 0.6 mg/day for 1 week, which is increased by 0.6 mg/day every week until the full maintenance dose of 3 mg/day is achieved. Such dose titration is needed to prevent side effects, which primarily include gastrointestinal problems such as nausea, diarrhea, constipation, vomiting, dyspepsia, and abdominal pain. A 35-year-old, reportedly healthy obese man receiving liraglutide treatment for obesity visited the emergency room complaining of generalized weakness and dizziness accompanied by repeated diarrhea and vomiting. He reported over 20 episodes of diarrhea starting the day after liraglutide dose escalation from 1.2 mg/day to 1.8 mg/day. Laboratory findings suggested pre-renal acute kidney injury, including serum creatinine 4.77 mg/dl, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) 37 mg/dl, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) 15 ml/min/1.73 m², and Fractional excretion of sodium 0.08. After volume repletion therapy, his renal function recovered to a normal range with laboratory values of creatinine 1.08 mg/dl, BUN 14 mg/dl, and eGFR 88 ml/min/1.73 m². This case emphasizes the need for caution when prescribing glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists, including liraglutide, given the risk of serious renal impairments induced by volume depletion and dehydration through severe-grade diarrhea and vomiting.