• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제20권8호
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• pp.1201-1207
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• 2007

This study compared the recovery rate of intrajugular-administered allantoin in the urine and saliva between swamp buffaloes and zebu cattle to examine whether it could explain the lower excretion rate of urinary purine derivatives (PD) in the buffaloes. Three male swamp buffalo yearlings, with an average body weight of $349{\pm}40.35$ kg, and three Thai native cattle ($154{\pm}3.26$ kg) of similar age and sex were used in the study. Animals were kept in individual pens and fed at a maintenance energy level with a diet containing 65% monk bean husk (Vigna radiata) as roughage and 35% concentrates. Allantoin solution was infused into the jugular vein in four incremental rates equivalent to 0, 5, 10 and 15 mmol/d and urine was collected daily in acidified form. Daily PD excretion was linearly correlated with intrajugular allantoin infusion in both species. The relationship between daily urinary PD excretion (Y, mmol/d) and intrajugular allantoin infused (X, mmol/d) was $Y=0.75{\pm}0.318X+22.45{\pm}2.98$ ($r^2$ = 0.36, n = 12, MSE = 38.02, CV = 21.9, p<0.01) for swamp buffaloes and $Y=0.96{\pm}0.10X+15.93{\pm}0.92$ ($r^2$ = 0.91, n = 12, MSE = 3.60, CV = 8.27, p<0.01) for zebu cattle. The salivary PD concentration was not correlated with intrajugular allantoin infusion in both species, with values for buffaloes numerically lower than those for cattle. The present study reconfirmed previous studies that buffaloes have a lower plasma PD excretion rate via the renal route and a significant proportion (22%) of the plasma PD loss is via the saliva. However, results of our present and previous studies suggest that differences in purine base (PB) metabolism between buffaloes and zebu cattle occur before the purine compounds reach the plasma pool.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.133-145
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• 2008

Objectives: The aim of present study was to investigate recovery effects of Hirudo, which has been used clinically in diabetes therapy. Methods: We established three groups: normal, control, Hirudo, and assigned 6 rats to each group. The normal group was not treated by any process and fed by normal saline. The control & Hirudo groups were administered streptozotocin (STZ) to induce diabetes. Hirudo extract was orally administered to the Hirudo group for 10 days. After 8 weeks, the rats were sacrificed and their body weight, 24hrs urinary protein excretion, glucose, albumin, BUN, creatinine, total-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triglyceride in blood, and level of glycation end-product (AGE) and transforming growth factor (TGF-${\beta}1$) in serum were measured. Morphological profiles and morphometric studies of the kidney cortex, renal transforming growth factor (TGF-${\beta}1$) expression, and renal receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) expression were studied. Results: The following results were obtained. The protein amount in urine per 24hrs of the Hirudo-treated group as compared to the control group was significantly reduced. The BUN and creatinine level in serum of the Hirudo-treated group as compared to the control group was significantly inhibited. The construction change in kidney of the Hirudo-treated group as compared to the control group was significantly inhibited. The factor of the Hirudo-treated group as compared to the control group was significantly inhibited, which induced the construction change in kidney. Conclusions: The above results suggest that Hirudo partially improved the function of the kidney.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제61권3호
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• pp.95-100
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• 2018

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the clinical findings in pediatric rhabdomyolysis and the predictive factors for acute kidney injury (AKI) in Korean children. Methods: Medical records of 39 Korean children, who were newly diagnosed with rhabdomyolysis from January 2008 to December 2015, were retrospectively analyzed. The diagnosis was made from the medical history, elevated serum creatinine kinase level >1,000 IU/L, and plasma myoglobin level >150 ng/mL. Patients with muscular dystrophy and myocardial infarction were excluded. Results: The median patient age at diagnosis was 14.0 years (range, 3-18 years), and the male to female ratio was 2.5. The most common presenting symptom was myalgia (n=25, 64.1%), and 14 patients (35.9%) had rhabdomyolysis-induced AKI. Eighteen patients (46.2%) had underlying diseases, such as epilepsy and psychotic disorders. Ten of these patients showed rhabdomyolysis-induced AKI. The common causes of rhabdomyolysis were infection (n=12, 30.7%), exercise (n=9, 23.1%), and trauma (n=8, 20.5%). There was no difference in the distribution of etiology between AKI and non-AKI groups. Five patients in the AKI group showed complete recovery of renal function after stopping renal replacement therapy. The median length of hospitalization was 7.0 days, and no mortality was reported. Compared with the non-AKI group, the AKI group showed higher levels of peak creatinine kinase and myoglobin, without statistical significance. Conclusion: The clinical characteristics of pediatric rhabdomyolysis differ from those observed in adult patients. Children with underlying diseases are more vulnerable to rhabdomyolysis-induced AKI. AKI more likely develops in the presence of a high degree of albuminuria.

• 대한이식학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.165-168
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• 2014

The recipient candidate was a 51-year-old male with end-stage renal disease owing to diabetes mellitus. The initial immunosuppressive regimen included basiliximab for induction and tacrolimus, mycophenolate mofetil, and steroids. Urine output was 413 mL/day on the operative day and 100 mL/day on the postoperative day (POD) 1. There was no definite stenosis of the ureter or vessels. He had anuria on POD 2~4 and he had undergone hemodialysis. His serum creatinine level did not decrease. Therefore, a graft biopsy was performed on POD 4. The pathologic finding was consistent with acute calcineurin inhibitor (CNI) toxicity. There was no evidence of rejection or acute tubular necrosis. Anuria continued on POD 6; therefore, we started sirolimus instead of a CNI based regimen. Graft function was gradually recovered 1 day after reduction of CNI dose and hemodialysis was stopped. The serum creatinine level was normalized on POD 10. He was discharged on POD 21.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제38권12호
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• pp.828-834
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• 2005

배경: 만성 신부전증 환자들에게 심폐바이패스 없이 시행하는 관상동맥우회술은 수술 후 신기능보존에 더 유리한 것으로 알려져 있다. 본 연구에서는 심폐바이패스 없이 시행한 관상동맥우회술을 시행 받은 만성신부전 환자들의 수술 전후의 신기능을 조사함으로써 신기능의 자연 경과를 예측하고 나아가 수술후 신기능 악화시 투석 여부 결정에 도움을 주고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 2001년 1월부터 2004년 12월까지 심폐바이패스 없이 시행한 관상동맥우회술을 시행 받은 환자들 중 수술 전 혈중 크레아티닌 수치가 1.7 mg/dL 이상이었던 만성 신부전증 환자 26명을 대상으로 그들의 신기능을 혈중 크레아티닌 수치를 중심으로 조사하였다. 혈중 크레아티닌 수치 3 mg/dL를 기준으로 그 미만과(group 1) 이상인(group 2) 두 군으로 나누어 각 군에서의 신기능의 변화를 조사하였다. 또한 투석의 영향을 배제한 신기능의 자연 변화를 알아보기 위하여 수술 전후에 투석을 시행받지 않았던 환자들을 대상으로 하여 그들의 신기능을 조사하였다 결과: 수술 전에 투석을 시행 받고 있던 환자 8명은 수술 후 모두 투석을 지속하였고 수술 후에 새로 투석을 시작한 환자는 3명이었다. 전체 환자들의 수술 전 평균 혈중 크레아티닌 수치는 4.19$\pm$3.4 mg/dL이었으며, 수술 후 크레아티닌 수치는 수술 후 3일에 4.36$\pm$2.7 mg/dL로 최고치를 보였고 수술 후 5일에 수술 전 수치로 회복되었다. Group 1의 경우에는 수술 전 평균 혈중 크레아티닌 수치가 1.87 $\pm$0.25 mg/dL이었으며, 수술 후 4일에 혈중 크레아티닌 수치가 최고를 보였으며(평균 혈중 크레아티닌 수치=2.19$\pm$0.52 mg/dL, p=0.017), 그 이후로는 감소하는 경과를 보였다. Croup 2의 경우에는 수술후 신기능의 변화에 있어서 유의한 결과를 관찰 할 수 없었다. 수술 전후 투석을 시행 받지 않았던 환자들에(n=15) 있어서도 수술 후 3일에 혈중 크레아티닌 수치의 유의한 상승을 보였으며(p=0.017), 수술 후 5일 이후에는 자연 감소하는 경과를 관찰할 수 있었다(p=0.01).크레아티닌 제거율을 조사했던 환자들에 있어서는 크레아티닌 제거율이 혈중 크레아티닌 수치와 역비례함을 확인할 수 있었다. 결론: 심폐바이패스 없이 시행한 관상동맥우회술을 시행 받은 만성 신부전증 환자들에 있어서 수술 후 3$\∼$4일까지는 혈중 크레아티닌 수치가 상승하나 5일 이후에는 자연 감소하는 경과를 관찰할 수 있었다. 그러므로 혈중 크레아티닌 수치가 상승하더라도 환자의 상태에 심각한 문제를 유발할 상태가 아니라면 투석 여부는 수술 후 4일 이후에 결정하는 것이 좋을 것으로 생각한다.

• Applied Microscopy
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.25-41
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• 1999

종양의 치료제로 많이 사용되고 있는 대표적인 항암제 가운데 대사길항제인 5-fluorouracil과 항암항생제인 mitomycin C가 콩팥토리에 미치는 영향을 미세구조적으로 비교 관찰하고자 이 실험을 시행하였다. Mitomycin C는 $LD_{50}$의 1/20 이하인 $400{\mu}g/kg$를, 5-fluorouracil는 $LD_{50}$의 1/4 정도인 60mg/kg를 격일 간격으로 계속 투여하였다. 각 항암제투여군은 처음 주사후 4일 (2회 투여)과 7일 (3회 투여) 째에 희생시킨 후 콩괄겉질부위의 조직을 메어 JEM 100CX-II 전자 현미경으로 관찰하였다. 1. 5-fluorouracil 및 mitomycin C 투여후 4일군에서는 다같이 혈관사이막이 증가하여 모세혈관과 주머니공간이 매우 좁아 보이는 부분이 많았는데, 그 현상은 mitomycin C 투여군에서 더 심했다. 2. 5-fluorouracil 투여 7일군은 토리의 미세구조가 거의 정상군의 모습과 비슷하게 회복되어 보였으나 mitomycin C 투여 7일군은 토리의 미세구조가 정상군의 모습과 비슷하게 회복된 모습을 거의 관찰할 수 없었다. 3. Mitomycin C 투여 4일군과 7일군에서는 내피세포의 종창현상(swelling) 이 심해서 내강으로 돌출되었을 뿐만 아니라 혈관사이세포가 모세혈관내강으로 돌출되어 내강을 거의 막고 있는 경우가 자주 관찰되었다. 4. Mitomycin C 투여 4일군에서는 토리모세혈관바닥막의 속투명판과 바깥투명판의 전자밀도가 높아서 치밀판과의 경계가 뚜렷하지 못한 부분이 많았는데, 부위에 따라서는 속투명판이 넓어진 부분이 관찰되기도 하였다. 이상의 결과를 종합해 보면 mitomycin C를 투여하였을 경우에는 마우스의 콩팥토리는 모세혈관의 내강이 좁아지고 혈관사이막이 증가하며 내피세포는 종창현상을 보이는 등의 미세구조적 변화를 보였다. 그러나 5-fluorouracil을 투여하였을 경우, 초기 (4일)에는 발세포와 혈관사이막의 경우 mitomycin C 투여군에서와 비슷한 미세구조적 변화를 보였으나, 7일군에서는 거의 정상군의 소견과 비슷한 모습을 보였다. 이와 같은 결과는 콩팥토리를 비롯한 콩팥조직에 미치는 세포독성은 mitomycin C가 5-fluorouracil에 비하여 훨씬 더 강하기 때문이라고 생각된다.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.57-60
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• 2013

개에서 포도중독에 의한 신부전 치료결과에 대한 임상적 분석을 위하여 205-2008년 기간 중 강원대학교 수의과대학 동물병원에 내원한 환자의 의료기록부를 분석하였다. 총 11두 (암컷 8두) 중 4두는 완전히 회복하였고, 3두는 폐사, 4두는 안락사로 처리되었다. 1두를 제외한 모든 환자는 포도를 섭취하였으나 정확한 섭취량은 알 수 없었다. 환자의 평균 연령은 5.3세 (범위 0.2-11.3세), 체중은 4.1 kg (범위 1.4-13 kg)였으며, 평균 입원기간은 7.1일 (범위 2-22일)로 나타났다. 모든 환자에서 구토와 식욕부진 증상을 보였으며, 일부 환자는 설사 (4두), 핍뇨 (5두), 무뇨 (4두) 소견을 보였다. 모든 환자에서 혈청 phosphorous, creatinine, BUN 농도가 증가된 소견을 보였으며, 고칼슘혈증 2두, 저칼슘혈증 2두, 나머지 7두는 정상소견이었다. 혈청 농도가 증가한 항목은 amylase 8두, ALP 7두, ALT 5두였으며, 혈액 가스 분석에서 8두는 대사성산증을 보였다. 경미하거나 중등도의 빈혈 소견이 5두에서 관찰되었으며, 회복한 환자와 비교할 때 폐사축의 경우 혈소판과 림프구 수가 상대적으로 낮았다.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.171-187
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• 2007

Objectives : This study was performed to determine if Orostachys japonicus A. Berger herbal acupuncture (OjB) provides the protective effect against the loss of cell viability and DNA damage induced by oxidant in renal proximal tubular cells. Methods : The cell viability was evaluated by a MTT reduction assay and DNA damage was estimated by measuring double stranded DNA breaks in opossum kidney (OK) cells, an established proximal tubular cell line. Lipid peroxidation was determined by measuring malondialdehyde (MDA), a product of lipid peroxidation. Results : H2O2 increased the loss of cell viability in a time-dependent manner, which were prevented by 0.1% OjB. The protective effect of OjB was dose-dependent over concentration range of 0.05-0.5%. H2O2 caused ATP depletion and DNA damage, which were prevented by OjB and the hydrogen peroxide scavenger catalase. The loss of cell viability by H2O2 was not affected by the antioxidant DPPD, but lipid peroxidation by the oxidant was completely inhibited by DPPD. Generation of superoxide and H2O2 in neutrophils activated by phorbol-12,13-dibutyrate was inhibited by OjB in a dose-dependent manner. OjB inhibited generation of H2O2 in OK cells treated with antimycin A and exerted a direct H2O2 scavenging effect. Exposure of OK cells to 1 mM tBHP caused a significant depletion of glutathione which was prevented by OjB. OjB accelerated the recovery in cells cultured for 20 hr in normal medium without oxidant following oxidative stress. Conclusions : These results suggest that OjB exerts the protective effect against oxidant-induced cell injury and its protective effect was resulted from radical scavenging and antioxidant activities.

• 대한미생물학회지
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.251-259
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• 1986

This study was performed to assess the effect of inosiplex(ISP) on the resistance of mice Candida albicans infection, the migration of chicken leukocytes, the production of leukocyte migration inhibitory factor(LIF), and the cell-mediated immunity(CMI) to lepomin in multibacillary lepromatous leprosy patients. The treatment with ISP before or on the time of infection with C. albicans had no or deliterious effect, and treatment with ISP after infection had no effect on the recovery of C. albicans from the kidneys of mice. The migratory ability of chicken leukocytes and the production of LIF from splenocytes of mice were not affected by ISP treatment. However, ISP decreased the migration of chicken leukocytes in vitro, and this decrease was dose-dependent. The therapy of lepromatous leprosy patients with ISP for 10 or 30 days clearly showed the increase of the significant positive rate of Mitsuda skin test to lepromin. The immune recovery as a result of the therapy was found to be the best in the group of patients treated for 30 days. This results suggest that (1) the effect of ISP in renal candidiasis can vary depending on the time of treatment relative to infection, (2) ISP can primarily change the migratory ability of chicken leukocytes but does not affect the production of LIF in mice, and (3) the classical therapy combined with ISP can reinforce or restore the defences of lepromatous leprosy patients against Mycobacterium leprae.

• 대한임상독성학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.126-130
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• 2007

Metformin is antihyperglycemic, not hypoglycemic. It causes neither insulin release from the pancreas nor hypo glycemia, even when taken in large doses. But, there are several reports of metformin-associated lactic acidosis (MALT). We present a case report of severe lactic acidosis most probably resulting from high doses of metformin in a patient with no known contraindications for metformin. A 43-year-old female was admitted to the emergency department due to a metformin overdose. She had diabetes for 6 years, well-controlled with metformin and novolet. One hour before admission, she impulsively took 50g metformin (100 mg or 100 tablets). Physical examination for symptoms revealed only irritability, and laboratory evaluation revealed only mild leukocytosis. After one hour the patient was drowsy, and arterial blood gas analysis showed severe lactic acidemia Seven hours after ED arrival, she commenced hemofiltration treatment and was admitted to the intensive care unit. Continuous venovenous hemodiafiltration was initiated. Forty-eight hours later, full clinical recovery was observed, with return to a normal serum lactate level. The patient was discharged from the intensive care unit on the third day. A progressive recovery was observed and she was discharged from the general word on the thirteenth day.