• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.700-705
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• 2003

Oriental pear was used as treatment of asthma, control of blood pressure tonic medicine vasoactio, diabetes in oriental medicine. In this study, it was investigated that pear pectin effects on cardiovascular system as blood pressure and renin and atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) in plasma, cardiac hypertrophy. The experiments were performed on Sprague-Dawley rats, 2K1C hypertension model was prepared by constricting the left renal artery with a sliver clip. Animals were then divided into four groups, 5 mg/kg, 10 mg/kg, 15 mg/kg and the control, pear pectin and apple pectin solutions were supplied with them. The blood pressure was more decreased in pear pectin 10 mg/kg than in apple pectin. The plasma ANP was decreased in pear pectin 10 mg/kg, and renin was increased in same concentration of drug. Cardiac hypertrophy had a tendency to decrease in pear pectin 15 mg/kg, but was not statistically significant compared to control group.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.28 no.8
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• pp.948-955
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• 2005

Glomerular mesangial cells (GMCs) in diverse renal diseases undergo cell proliferation and/or hypertrophy, and gangliosides have been reported to play an important role in modulating cell structure and function. This study compared the effects of transforming growth $factor-\beta\; (TGF­\beta1)$ and the effects of the application of exogenous gangliosides on GMCs and investigated whether the application of exogenous gangliosides regulated cellular proliferation and hypertrophy. Human GMCs were cultured with exogenous gangliosides and $TGF-\beta1$ in a media containing $10\%$ fetal bovine serum and in a media without the fetal bovine serum. Exogenous gangliosides biphasically changed the proliferation of human GMCs (0.1-1.0 mg/mL). A low concentration (0.1 mg/mL) of gangliosides mainly increased the number of human GMCs, whereas cellular proliferation was significantly reduced by raising the concentration of exogenous gangliosides. $TGF-\beta1$ greatly reduced the number of human GMCs in a concentration­dependent manner (1-10 ng/mL). Serum deprivation accelerated the gangliosides- and $TGF­\beta1-induced$ inhibition of mesangial cell proliferation to a greater extent. Gangliosides (1.0 mg/ mL) and $TGF-\beta1$ (10 ng/mL) both caused a significant increase in the incorporation of $[^3H]leucine$ per cell in the serum-deprived condition, whereas it was completely reversed in serum­supplemented condition. Similar results to the $[^3H]leucine$ incorporation were also observed in the changes in cell size measured by flow cytometric analysis. These results show that exogenous gangliosides modulate cell proliferation and hypertrophy in cultured human GMCs, and these cellular responses were regulated differently based on whether the media contained serum or not. Results from the present study raise new possibilities about the potential involvement of gangliosides in the development of mesangial cell proliferation and hypertrophy.

• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.609-615
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• 2012

A histo-pathogical examination was carried out to evaluate the effect of commercial extruded pellet (EP) and a raw fish moist pellet (MP) diet on the health of juvenile rockfish cultured in marine net-cage for 7 months. Fish were distributed randomly to each net cage as a group of 76,000 fish (initial mean body weight 5.9 g). After 2 months, the hypertrophy or swelling of liver parenchymal cells was identified in most individuals and lasted until 7 months. Livers in EP fed group frequently showed hypertrophic parenchyma and fatty change with occasional atrophic cells. However, after 4 months, lymphocytic infiltration in splenic parenchyma was seen in a number of individuals. In addition, the gastric glandular epithelium was atrophied and in the lumen of renal tubules protozoan parasites were frequently identified but there was no correlation with the type of feed. Moreover, juvenile rockfish on EP diet showed gross and microscopic hypertrophy of the liver which would be due to oversupply of feed. Severe hepatic cellular hypertrophy or swelling could lead to the damage of microcirculation. Especially fatty change and atrophic change of liver could be the result from the damage, which could be responsible for immunological problem. Lymphocytic infiltration of spleen on the MP diet suggests that juvenile rockfish could be frequently exposed to infectious antigens.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.363-367
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• 2003

Oriental pear was used as treatment of asthma, control of blood pressure tonic medicine vasoaction, diabetes in oriental medicine. In this study, it was investigated that pear phenolic compound effects on cardiovascular system as blood pressure and renin and atrial natriuretic peptide(ANP) in plasma, Cardiac hypertrophy. The experiments were performed on Sprague Dawley rats, 2K1C hypertension model was prepared by constricting the left renal artery with a sliver clip. Animals were then divided into four groups, 5mg/Kg(PPC-A) 10mg/Kg(PPC-B) 15mg/Kg(PPC-c) and control group. Pear phenolic compound solution were supplied with them for 3weeks, a day's interval. The results are that The blood pressure was significantly decreased at 15days in PPC-A group than control group. The plasma ANP was increased in PPC-A and PPC-C group, and cardiac hypertrophy was significantly decrease in PPC-C group compared with control group.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.1126-1140
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• 1999

Renal failure is one of the main causes of economic impacts in the poultry industry and complex syndrome with different severity of clinical signs caused by multiple nephropathogenic factors such as infectious bronchitis viral infection and excess salt and calcium in diet. To evaluate the correlation between severity of renal failure and the causative nephropathogenic factors, one-day-old specific pathogen free chicks were treated with either single causative factor or multiple causative factors described as above. Each group was designed as control for non-treated control, IB for infectious bronchitis virus (IB virus) infection, IBHNa for IB virus infection with high diet salt, IBHCa for IB virus infection with high diet calcium, IBHNC for IB virus infection with high diet salt and calcium, HNa for high diet salt, HCa for high diet calcium and HNC for high diet salt and calcium. Chickens were inoculated with IB virus at 1-day-old and remained on their respective diets until 21 day of age. The high dietary salt feeding groups such as IBHNa, IBHNC, HNa, HNC increased water intake, watery diarrhea, general subcutaneous edema and the high dietary calcium feeding groups such as IBHCa and IBHNC showed severe visceral gout. Two more than treated groups caused high mortality in comparison with the single treated groups. IB virus exposure significantly increased urate deposition and lymphocytic interstitial nephritis. Especially urate deposition dramatically increased when excess diet calcium was combined together. In excess diet salt treated groups enlarged edematous kidneys were observed and hypertrophy of glomeruli were showed. These results suggest that IB virus enhanced the incidence and severity on chicken renal failure clearly related to the quantity of salt and calcium.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.335-340
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• 2004

Mesangial expansion caused by cell proliferation and glomerular extracellular matrix accumulation is one of the earliest renal abnormalties observed at the onset of hyperglycemia in diabetes mellitus. Transcription factor Sp1 is implicated in the transcriptional regulation of a wide range of genes participating in cell proliferation, and is assumed to play an essential role in mesangial expansion, transforming growth factor (TGF)-$\beta$1, plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI)-1. We have generated a phosphorothioated double-stranded Sp1-decoy oligodeoxynucleotide that effectively blocks Sp1 binding to the promoter region for transcriptional regulation of TGF-$\beta$1 and PAI-1. The Sp1 decoy oligodeoxynucleotide suppressed transcription of these cytokines and proliferation of primary rat mesangial cells in response to serum stimulation. These results suggest that the Sp1 decoy oligodeoxynucleotide could bea powerful tool in preventing the pathogenesis of renal hypertrophy.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.88-92
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• 2008

Infection of Epstein-Barr virus(EBV) gives rise to a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations in children. Although renal involvement is rare, diverse renal manifestations are known from hematuria to acute renal failure. Secondary membranous nephropathy(MN) associated with systemic EBV infection is an uncommon renal pathology and only two cases have been reported. We are adding another case of MN associated with EBV infection in a child. An 8-year-old girl was admitted for renal biopsy. She had been followed up for microscopic hematuria and intermittent proteinuria for 5 months. There had been no specific findings in serology and radiology. Tonsil biopsy had been done due to exudative tonsillar hypertrophy and enlarged multiple cervical lymph nodes. And it showed EBV-associated lymphoproliferative findings. Serologic tests for EBV showed positive evidence of recent infection; viral capsid antigen(VCA) IgM was borderline positive, VCA IgG and early antigen IgG were positive, and EB nuclear antigen IgG was negative. In Situ Hybridization of tonsil for EBV mRNA was positive. Because her proteinuria and hematuria were aggravated at that time(protein 3 +, RBC >60/HPF), renal biopsy was done. Renal biopsy showed the findings of MN, characterized by thickened capillary walls with epimembranous spikes on light microscopy and subepithelial, mesangial and subendothelial electron dense deposits on electron microscopy. On immunofluorescence microscopy, IgG, C1q, kappa and lambda chains were positive. After steroid administration, proteinuria and hematuria resolved gradually within 6 months.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.96-104
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• 1995

The transarterial embolization has been widely used to control bleeding. It has a variety of clinical utility; to reduce bleeding on the surgical field, to reduce the size of malignant tumor as a preopearative treatment, to treat arteriovenous malformation or arterial aneurysm as a curative method and to promote life quality of patient with diffuse or multiple hepatocellular carcinoma as a palliative treatment, etc. With the advance of modem technology, various embolic materials have been also developed. However, it has not been fully investigated of histopathologic changes of the embolized organs according to the embolic materials used. This study was undertaken to investigate the histopathologic changes of embolized renal artery in rabbit by various embolic materials, according to each embolic material and to time passed by after embolization. Of the 5 arteries embolized by ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer(EVAL), one showed abscess formation in embolized kidney. The other 4 allowed to perform further pathologic study: within a week after embolization there was no any specific change in vessels, however, minimal endothelial hypertrophy was observed following 2 weeks of embolization. Of the 8 renal arteries embolized by N-buthyl-2-cyanoacrylate(Histoacryl), 4 showed total occlusion of the main renal arteries as well as renal infarction, which reflects the strong adhesiveness of Histoacryl to vascular wall. The other 4 showed fibrinoid degeneration in vascular wall within a week. However, further change was not observed thereafter. In all the 5 renal arteries embolized by polyvinyl alcohol(Ivalon), there were infiltration of inflammatory cells along the vessel walls, within one week, which represents vasculitis. They showed some fibrosis with appearance of giant cells in the vessel wall two weeks after embolization and also showed marked fibrosis of connective tissues surrounding vessels two months after embolization, respectively. The results suggest that EVAL is useful for the embolization of hypervascular lesion with limited arteriovenous fistula, Histoacryl for the curative treatment of the lesion with high blood flow or severe arteriovenous fistula, and Ivalan for palliative treatment of malignant tumor or arteriovenous malformation, respectively.

• Journal of The Korean Dental Society of Anesthesiology
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• v.3 no.2 s.5
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• pp.98-102
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• 2003

Patients in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and chronic renal failure present a number of challenges to the anesthesiologist. They may be chronically iii and debilitated and have the potential for multiorgan dysfunction. A 65-year-old male patient with ESRD was scheduled for oral cancer surgery under general anesthesia. He was in regular hemodialysis three times a week and secondary hypertension with left ventricular hypertrophy was accompanied. He also had chronic metabolic acidosis and hyperkalemia. The day after hemodialysis, general anesthesia was carried out. Uneventful anesthetic induction using thiopental and vecuronium and nasotracheal intubation were carried out. General anesthesia was maintained with isoflurane for 9 hours. During the anesthesia, he did not have any problem but persistently increasing serum potassium level. After anesthetic emergence, he was transferred to intensive care unit for mechanical ventilation. So we report this successful case of anesthetic management in a patient with ESRD for oral cancer surgery, which massive bleeding and long anesthetic time were inevitable in, from the preoperative preparation to anesthetic emergence.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.271-280
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• 2020

Hypertension has been approved to cause disharmony between the heart and kidney such as cardiac hypertrophy and kidney dysfunction. In traditional oriental medicine Paeo-tang (PET) has been shown to have effects on blood circulation improvement. However, the beneficial effect of PET on hypertension remains unknown. In this study, we investigated that PET attenuates blood pressure and improves cardiovascular and renal function in NG-nitro-L-arginine methylester (L-NAME) rat model. Hypertensive rat models were induced by the administration of L-NAME (40 mg/kg/day) and then PET (50 or 100 mg/kg/day) or Olmetec was treated for 2 weeks. PET treatment significantly suppressed the systolic blood pressure and decreased intima-media thickness in the thoracic aorta. PET ameliorated endothelium-dependent and independent vascular relaxation in the L-NAME-induced vascular dysfunction. PET ameliorated the functional decline in the kidney such as albumin and blood urea nitrogen in plasma. These results demonstrated that PET possesses protective effects against L-NAME-induced hypertension.